English For Pharmacy Writing and Oral Communication

Chapter 4:
Endocrine and Lymphatic System

Arranged by:
1. Fauzi Akbar N
2. Siti Hufi Hutami
3. Trya Ulfah

PHARMACY PROGRAM
UNIVERSITY OF BUANA PERJUANGAN KARAWANG 2015-2016

English For Pharmacy Writing and Oral Communication

Chapter 4: Endocrine and Lymphatic System.
IMPORTANT POINT

True or False Question

Leukemia (Noun) : A malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and
other
blood-forming organs produceincreased numbers
of immature or abnormalleucocytes. These suppress the production of normalblood
cells, leading to anaemia and other symptoms. Paleness, bruising, and fatigue may
be signs of leukemia.

Thyroid
(Noun):
A
large ductless gland in
the
neck
which secreteshormones regulating growth and development through the rate
of metabolism

Lymph nodes (Noun): Each of a number of small swellings in the lymphatic

system where lymph is filtered and lymphocytes are formed.

Hypothyroidism (Noun) : the term used to refer to lower-than-normal production of

thyroid hormone. Early signs of hypothyroidism are puffiness around the face,
constant fatigue, and constipation.

Lethargy(Noun): A lack of energy and enthusiasm:there was an air of lethargy about

him

Intolerance
(Noun):
Unwillingness to
or behaviourthat differ from ones own

Windpipe (Noun): The air passage from the throat to the lungs; thetrachea.

Enlarged spleen : is not a disease in itself but the result of an underlying disorder.
Many disorders can make the spleen enlarge. To pinpoint the cause, doctors must
consider disorders ranging from chronic infections to blood cancers.

Lymphoma (Noun): Cancer of the lymph nodes:she fought a brave battle against
lymphoma

Agitated (Adj): Feeling or appearing troubled or nervous

accept views,

beliefs,

Protruding eyes: Eyes that bulge, or protrude out of their normal position, could be
an indication of a serious medical condition

Diabetes (Noun): A disease in which the bodys ability to produce orrespond to

the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting inabnormal metabolism of carbohydrates an
d elevatedlevels of glucose in the blood. People with type I diabetes are not able to
produce insulin, whereas people with type II diabetes resist insulin and are not able
to use it properly.
Constipation (Noun): A condition in which there is difficulty in emptying thebowels,
usually associated with hardened faeces.

Hyperthyroidism (Noun): is a condition in which the thyroid is too active, making

the heart and other body system function too quickly.

Hypoglycemia (Noun): Deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream.

Delirium
(Noun):
An acutely disturbed state
of
mind
characterized
byrestlessness, illusions, and incoherence, occurring inintoxication, fever, and
other disorders:somewhere a patient shouted in deliriumshe had fits of delirium

Multiple Choice Question

Overactive (Adj): Excessively active:the product of an overactive imagination

Graves disease(Noun): a form of hyperthyroidism that cause the patient to over

produce thyroid hormone and to have protruding eyes. Graves disease is a form of
hyperthyroidism that causes the patient to overproduce thyroid hormone and to have
protruding eyes.
Breath (Noun): The air taken into or expelled from the lungs

Endocrine System Vocabulary

Ache : A continuous or prolonged dull pain in a part of ones body

Adams apple (Noun): A projection at the front of the neck formed by

thethyroid cartilage of the larynx, often prominent in men.

Addisons disease (Noun): A disease characterized by progressive anaemia, lowblood

pressure, great weakness, and bronzediscoloration of the skin. It is caused
by inadequatesecretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex.

Agitation : A state of anxiety or nervous excitement

Bowel movement (Noun): The faeces discharged in an act of defecation.

Cold intolerance (Noun): when you are extremely sensitive to cold temperatures

Coordination : The organization of the different elements of a complex body or

activity so as to enable them to work together effectively

Cushings disease (Noun): Cushings syndrome as caused by a tumour of thepituitary

gland. / A metabolic disorder caused by overproduction ofcorticosteroid hormones by
the adrenal cortex and often involving obesity and high blood pressure.

Drowsy: A feeling of being sleepy and lethargic; sleepiness

Exhaustion: A state of extreme physical or mental tiredness

Gangrene : Localized death and decomposition of body tissue, resulting from

obstructed circulation or bacterial infection

Gland (Noun): An organ in the human or animal body which secretesparticular

chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings

Glucose (Noun): A simple sugar which is an important energy source in

living organisms and is a component of manycarbohydrates. A hexose; chemical
formula: C6H12O6

Goiter
(Noun):
A swelling of
the
neck resulting from enlargement of
thethyroid gland:a
woman
with
a
goitre[MASS
NOUN]: the
belief
that amber necklaces were good for curing goitre

Hashimotos disease (Noun): a common thyroid disorder, which is caused by

inflammation of the thyroid gland and can lead to an underactive thyroid, stiffness,
and problem with concentration.

Heat intolerance : is also referred to as hypersensitivity to heat

Hormone: A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue

fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

Indigestion (Noun): Pain or discomfort in the stomach associated with difficulty

in digesting food:you know crisps give me indigestion

Insulin (Noun): A hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans,

which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form
ofdiabetes.

Malignant (Adj): (Of a disease) very virulent or infectious.

Mask: A covering for all or part of the face, worn as a disguise, or to amuse or
frighten others

Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to
maintain life.

Mood swings (Noun): An abrupt and unaccountable change of mood.

Muscle cramps : is a sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more of your

muscles

Nausea: A feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit:

Nervousness : The quality or state of being nervous

Overproduction (Noun): Production of more of a product, commodity, or substance

than is wanted or needed:there was a crisis of overproduction in
traditionalmanufacturingcertain foods cause overproduction of bacteria in
the stomach

Pituitary gland (Noun): (in full pituitary gland or pituitary body)The

major endocrine gland, a pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain that is
important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the
other endocrine glands. Also called hypophysis.

Puffy (Adj): (Especially of part of the body) unusually swollen:her eyes were puffy
and full of tears

Regulate: A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority

Stiffness
(Adj):
Not
black collarstiff cardboard

Swallow : Cause or allow (something, especially food or drink) to pass down the
throat:

Tender (Adj): (Of a part of the body) sensitive to pain:the pale, tender skin of
her forearm

Thirst : Lack of the liquid needed to sustain life:

Tremble : Shake involuntarily, typically as a result of anxiety, excitement, or frailty:

Underactive (Adj):
underactive thyroid

Underproduction (Verb): Produce less of (a commodity) than is wanted or needed:we

are underproducing geologists to work in industry

easily bent or changed in

Insufficiently active:a

health

shape; rigid:a

problem

such

stiff

as

an

Urination: Discharge urine; pass water./ There is little time between feeling the need
to urinate and leakage of urine.

Water retention : (also known as fluid retention) signifies an abnormal accumulation

of fluid in the circulatory system or within the tissues or cavities of the body.

Blood Disorders and Lymphatic System Vocabulary.

Abdomen (Noun): The part of the body of a vertebrate containing

thedigestive and reproductive organs
Anemia(Noun): A condition in which there is a deficiency of red cells or
of haemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor andweariness.
Armpit (noun) : A hollow under the arm at the shoulder. Also calledaxilla.

Blood(Noun): The red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins ofhumans and
other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygento and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the
body:drops of blood
Bone marrow(Noun): A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood
cells are produced:[AS MODIFIER]: marrow donorsa bone marrow transplant
Fatigue (Noun): Extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion or
illness:he was nearly dead with fatigue
Groin(Noun): The area between the abdomen and the upper thigh on either side of the
body.
Hodgkins lymphoma (Noun): is a cancer of the lymphatic system.
Immune system (Noun): The organs and processes of the body that provide resistance
to infection and toxins. Organs include thethymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes.
Lightheaded (Noun): is a common and typically unpleasant sensation of dizziness
and/or a feeling that one may faint
Malaise(Noun):
A
general
feeling
of discomfort,
illness,
or uneasewhose exact cause is difficult to identify:a general air of malaise
Measles (Pronoun): An infectious viral disease causing fever and a redrash, typically
occurring in childhood:women queue to have their children immunizedagainst
measlesa severe case of the measles
Mononucleosis (Noun): An abnormally high proportion of monocytes in theblood,
especially associated with glandular fever.
Mumps (PluralNoun): A contagious and infectious viral disease causingswelling of
the parotid salivary glands in the face, and a risk of sterility in adult males.
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (Noun): is a type of cancer that begins in the thyroid.
Symptoms of non-Hodgkins lymphoma may include swelling in the armpits, groin,
and neck, night sweats, weight loss, itchy skin, and recurrent fevers.
Numbness (Noun): The state of being numb:tingling and numbness in the left arm
Pallor(Noun): An unhealthy pale appearance:the deathlike pallor of his face
Relapse(Noun):
(Of
a sick or injured person) deteriorate after
a
period
of improvement:two of the patients in remission relapsed after 48 months
Underarm (Adj&Adv): (Of a throw or stroke in sport) made with the arm or hand
below shoulder level:[AS ADJECTIVE]: a good-length underarm serve[AS
ADVERB]: bowling underarm

Idiomatic Expressions using Blood

1. to make ones blood boil means to be very angry.

For example: Patients who say they have insurance, but do not have their insurance
cards with them, sometimes make my blood boil, especially when we are really busy.
2. to make ones blood run cold means to be frightened or scared.
For example: Scary movies such as The Exorcist and Friday the 13th make my
blood
run cold.
3. to be after ones blood means a person hates or wants to harm another person.
For example: The pharmacist, who was arrested for stealing drugs from cancer
patients, is now under police protection because many patients are after his blood.
4. to run in ones blood means that a persons characteristic is passed down by family
tradition.
For example: The parents and their two adult children are pharmacists; it runs in
their blood.
5. to get blood from a stone means it is difficult to get something, such as money,
from a person.
For example: I will never lend her money again; the first time I lent her money it was
like
getting blood from a stone before she repaid me.
6. blood is thicker than water means that family relationships are more important
than relationships
with other people.
For example: Even though family members often fight with each other, they will
always come
to the defense of their family members because blood is thicker than water.

Writing Exercise
What type I diabetes and type II diabetes: Type I diabetes are not able to produce
insulin. Type II diabetes are diabetes resist insulin and not able to use it properly.
Because people with type II diabetes are not able to have normal levels of sugar,
other complications

such as kidney, heart, and eye disease can occur.

Hashimotos disease: a common thyroid disorder, which is caused by

inflammation of the thyroid gland and can lead to an underactive thyroid,
stiffness, and problem with concentration