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BY
OCTOBER, 2015
BY
OKUNGBA OGELENYA WHITELY
PHC/09/10/163524
OCTOBER, 2015
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this research project titled Survey Of The Role Of Community
Pharmacists in the management of tuberculosis in Delta State was carried out by
Okungba Ogelenya Whitely, under the supervision of DR J.E ARUTE(HOD) of the
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta
State University, Abraka; and that it is adequate in scope and content for the partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) degree.
________________________________
OKUNGBA OGLENYA WHITELY
(Student Researcher)
__________________
DATE
___________________________
DR. J. E. ARUTE
(Project Supervisor)
__________________
DATE
__________________________
DR. J. E. ARUTE
B.Pharm, PharmD, M.Pharm, FPC Pharm, MPSN
(Head of Department)
________________________
Prof. (Mrs.) C.V UKWE, PhD
(External Examiner)
__________________
DATE
__________________
DATE
DEDICATION
This work is dedicated to God Almighty for his infinite mercies upon my life and my father
Late Chief Dennis Okungba for believing in me.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My unending gratitude goes to God Almighty for his grace and loving kindness upon my life
for making the journey of a thousand miles to come a very victorious end.
My sincere gratitude goes to my outstanding supervisor, Dr J.E Arute (HOD clinical
Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration) for his tremendous assistance, guidance and support
during the entire duration of my project. May God richly reward you sir for all your efforts.
My thanks are also extended to all staffs of the Faculty of Pharmacy, most especially those in
the Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration.
To the best things that have ever happened to me; My Late Father Chief Dennis Okungba and
my loving Mother Mrs. Comfort Okungba, thanks for all your love, care and support,
morally, financially, spiritually and otherwise. Words cannot express how much feelings I
hold for you,I love you plenty.
My special thanks also goes to my sweet wonderful uncle, Mr C.M.I Okungba and to my
amazing one and only brother Justice, and my sweet cousins Kenpolo, Ezekiel, Edmond and
Harrison. May God bless you all for me. And also extending deep appreciation to all my
amazing and wonderful friends who have contributed in numerous ways in my academic
pursuit and constructive criticism toward this work; Tega, Smiling J, Riquelme, Tonero,
Colabo Bishop Rume, Ike(EVOLUTION) Solo, Saso, Osasco tha Senator, Dj D.s.o ,Krixus
blaize, uchezzy, Orezi, Josh, the whole MSN Gang and my beautiful girlfriend Juan. And
also to all my wonderful course mates, God bless you all.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE:
i
ii
iii
iv
vii
ix
INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.1.1
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
1.1.2
History of Tuberculosis
1.1.3
1.1.4
Types of Tuberculosis
1.1.5
Pathophysiology of Tuberculosis
1.1.7
Risk Factors
1.1.8
11
1.1.9
14
1.2
16
1.2.1
17
1.2.2
19
1.2.3
1.2.4
Complications of Tuberculosis
21
1.2.5
Special Populations
21
1.2.6
Prevention of Tuberculosis
23
1.2.7
24
1.2.8
25
1.3
26
1.4
27
CHAPTER TWO:
METHODS
2.1
Study Design
29
2.2
Research Setting
29
2.3
Study Population
31
2.4
Research Instrument
31
2.5
31
2.6
Data Analysis
31
CHAPTER THREE:
RESULT
32
CHAPTER FOUR
7
4.1
Discussion
47
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Conclusion
51
5.2
Recommendations
52
References
53
LIST OF TABLES
Table: 3.1: Demographic Profile of Patients
34
35
Table 3.3 Responses on Main Symptoms that are used as an indicator for infectious, active
TB disease
Table 3.4:
35
Responses on whether someone can be infected with TB for more than once in
36
TB
36
37
38
39
Table 3.9:
40
40
41
42
43
44
45
45
46
47
48
Table 3.16:
49
ABSTRACT
The role of community pharmacists in the management of tuberculosis in Delta State was
carried out. It employed the descriptive cross-sectional study design that accessed 85
Community Pharmacists knowledge, attitude and practice towards Tuberculosis and related
treatments. The instrument used for the study was a self developed questionnaire while
descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis was used for data analysis. Findings from the
study revealed that there were limited cases of TB patients who consult Community
Pharmacists. It also revealed that the knowledge base of community pharmacists on effective
treatment and management was low while qualification had no significant (P>0.05) influence
over their management practices. It was recommended amongst others that as essential
collaborators in the health sector, Community pharmacists should always make themselves
available for trainings and seminars so as to keep up to date their knowledge base and
development in certain disease management while the pharmaceutical council of Nigeria
should at intervals, promote development workshops and seminars for practicing pharmacists
on advances, new trends and development in certain high risk factor diseases.
Key Words: Tuberculosis, Role, Community Pharmacist, Knowledge and Awareness
10