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Total
Capital
2 OPT
DTmin
DTmin
Number of units
Concept of calculation:
Construct the composite curves
Put heat exchangers on all streams in each
vertical section of the composite curves
Calculate the area in each section, taking into
account the specific heat transfer coefficients
and correction factors of each stream (U*f)
Network Area
5
4
3
2
1
H
E1
T
DTmin1
DTmin2
Area
1
A1
A2
E1
E2
DTmin
Area and no. of units can be obtained to give variation of capital cost
Area
DTmin
DTmin
Capital cost
DTmin
Energy Cost
DTmin
DTmin
Capital cost
Total
Energy
Capital
DTopt
DTmin
250
oC
200 oC
180 oC
230 oC
B
A
80 oC
40 oC
20 oC
140 oC
200 oC
180 oC
230 oC
H A
B
C
40 oC
-Y (W)
1 250
80 oC
20 oC
140 oC
3
4
oC
Path
B
C
200 oC
180 oC
230 oC
B
A
+Y (W) -Y (W)
40 oC
80 oC
D
C
+Y (W)
20 oC
140 oC
3
4
-U (W)
1
250
oC
180 oC
230 oC
200 oC
B
A
+U (W)
-U (W)
80 oC
E
+U (W)
40 oC
20 oC
140 oC
Another Loop
-V (W)
1
250 oC
Loop
+V (W)
B
+V (W)
200 oC
180 oC
230
A
-V (W)
-V (W)
80 oC
+V (W)
oC
40 oC
-V (W)
20 oC
140 oC
+V (W)
Heat Duties can be changed alonh a utility path to change the utility consumption
-Y (W)
1
250 oC
180 oC
230 oC
+Y (W)
200 oC
A
-Y (W)
+Y (W)
Utility
80 oC
40 oC
20 oC
140 oC
-Y (W)
o
250 C
200 oC
180 oC
230 oC
Utilit
y
B
A
+Y (W) -Y (W)
40 oC
1
80 oC
D
C
+Y (W)
20 oC
140 oC
-X (W) +X (W)
250 oC
-X (W)
Utility
200 oC
180 oC
-X (W)
+X (W) -X (W)
40 oC
80
oC
+X (W)
230 oC
+X (W)
20 oC
140
oC
250 oC
-Z (W)
2
200
oC
180 oC
230 oC
+Z (W)
-Z (W)
Utility
Path
C
-Z(W)
40
250 oC
-U (W)
80
oC
+Z (W) -Z (W)
20 oC
200 oC
180 oC
230 oC
+U (W)
40 oC
+U (W)
80
oC
-U (W)
140
oC
+U (W)
Utility
Path
-U (W)
oC
+Z (W)
+Z (W)
+U (W)
-U(W)
20 oC
140
oC
What is optimum ?
U, V, X,Y, Z must be varied simultaneously to minimise cost
MULTIVARIATE OPTIMISATION
500 oC
T>160oC
500 oC
480 oC
460 oC
300 oC
CP
0.94
180o
1.5
300o
2.0
350o
CP
3
T>180oC
180 oC
160 oC
CP
2.06
354o
1.5
300o
1.0
200o
Summary
Summary
Working Example
Capital Energy Trade-offs
1
160 oC
100 oC
2425
B
75 oC
3
140 oC
80 oC
H
150
oC
7050
80 oC 6
B
16000
4500
DTmin = 20oC
1925
90 oC
C
4330
C
79 oC
2100
42 oC
D
16670
40 oC
25 oC
25 oC
4
5
100 oC
1
160 oC
100 oC
2425
B
75 oC
3
140
oC
80 oC
H
2100
150 oC
7050
4500
80 oC 6
B
16000
1925
90 oC
C
4330
C
79 oC
42 oC
D
16670
40 oC
25 oC
25 oC
4
5
Solution
Loop
HP
100 oC
1
160 oC
100 oC
2425
B
75 oC
3
140 oC
80 oC
150
oC
7050
A
4500
80 oC 6
B
16000
1925
90 oC
C
4330
C
79 oC
2100
42 oC
D
16670
40 oC
25 oC
25 oC
4
5
Loop
100 oC
1
160 oC
100 oC
2425
B
75 oC
3
140 oC
80 oC
150
oC
7050
A
4500
80 oC 6
B
16000
1925
90 oC
C
4330
C
79 oC
2100
42 oC
D
16670
40 oC
25 oC
25 oC
4
5
Utility path 1
100 oC
1
160 oC
100 oC
2425
B
75 oC
3
140 oC
Utility path 2
150
oC
80 oC
H
H
7050
A
4500
80 oC 6
B
16000
1925
90 oC
C
4330
C
79 oC
2100
42 oC
D
16670
40 oC
25 oC
25 oC
4
5