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Goes
Vp Present + vb
Could have been writing.
VP modal past have +pp be+ing + vb
Head in a phrase; M, W, P, Clause, Sentence notional vb.most important
HIJKLMNO = water
H20
Mother-in-law
Woman-Hitler
If I come into a fortune I would give up teaching.
He said that if he would come into a fortune.
Apodosis.
Auxiliary verb is a helping verb which cannot occur without a following main verb.
Aspect:
Perfect
progressive
ASPECT is a grammatical category and refers to the way in which the speaker sees the event.
It also describes the quality of an event while it is observed
Aspect has to with the temporal form of the event. It has no connection with the location in time
of the event.
Aspect is not a deictic category but Tense is a deictic category.
Deictic a feature, the function of an item that refers to position to location (in space and time)
or it may refer to the point of reference
thisand that may have a deictic function
Progressive the meaning is:
1) action in progress
2) limited period of time
3) incompleteness
Perfect beforeness, anteriority.
Transitive verb is a main verb which requeieres an object to complete its meaning.
This factory makes./shoes
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3 complement verbs
Auxiliary verb is a helping verb which cannot occur without a following main verb.
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Be, have, do
Dummy word an item , a word that fills in a gram.position but it is empty of meaning
Do you smoke? It is raining.
Stative verb: is a main (lexical) verb whose meaning expresses a state rather than an event
understand,know, like,want.
Causative verb: to kill - cause someone to die.
Event verbs: a main verb whose meaning expresses an event rather than a state.
Mood: - a grammatical cateogory that has to do with the degree of reality of an event as
perceived by the speaker.
Subjunctive a mood that expresses hypothesis or non-factuality in English we can identify:
1. The present subjunctive
2. Post subjunctive
3. Past perfect subjunctive
The present subjunctive is identical with the base form of the verb = present tense indicative
3rd person singular no s -s.
- Functionally it can be used to refer to present and is used in various ways.
1. Mandative subjunctive, mainly in subordinate clauses following a vb, and adj or a know
express a present or past suggestion or command on other theoretical possibility.
e.g. I insist that she return the book,
It is essential that she return the book.
She ignored my request that she return the book.
He requested that she not embarrass him.
Be not.
In set phrases:
I wish that
I suppose that
I had rather
Its high time
3.Past perfect
- the form coincides with past perfect
- past time reference
Imperative
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