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valves require:
to do:
Valve seat
Sealing element
sealing element
A valve comprised of the above
components installed in a modern
compressor would not fulfill life and
HOERBIGER 2007
Succion
Pienum
From
Suction Line
P
To
Discharge line
Discharge
Pienum
Stroke
Cm = sn
30
Cmax
s... Stroke
n...Speed (rpm)
P2
P1
Gas compression
Gas discharge
open.
HOERBIGER 2007
Compression work
The area enclosed by the pressure-volume
curve represents the total work performed
in the compression cycle. The portions
of the area above the discharge pressure
(p2) and below the suction pressure (p1)
indicate the work required to activate the
valves and overcome the flow resistance
in and out of the cylinder.
In
Out
Suction Valve
Discharge Valve
Open
Closed
Flow through
open suction
valve to cylinder
Closed
Open
Disc
Cylinder Pressure
Spring
element
the sticking effect of lubrication or
condensate
the spring load force (Fig. 3a)
tio
a (p)
ra
le
ce
ac
v,s
rin
sp
ad
o
gl
on all PV-diagrams.
s= oci
lift ty
v=
v
el
HOERBIGER 2007
Valve geometry
Seat area
Guard area
Guard area
efficient valve.
Fig. 4a. Gas fow through an open valve.
Seat Area
The seat area is the area where light
can be seen when the valve seat is held
Guard Port (B)
Gas Flow
Bottom
View
HOERBIGER 2007
Fig. 5. Cross section of a valve guard (top), seat (bottom) and sealing element
(positioned against guard).
Valve lift
d2
d
4
d6
be maintained.
d
Valve lift
d1
Fig. 6. Cross section of a half valve guard (top), seat (bottom) and sealing element
(positioned against guard). This diagram illustrates the dimensions used to calculate
the passage area.
HOERBIGER 2007
applied.
Pressure drop
p
Flow
Fig. 7. A static flow test measures the pressure drop through a valve. The pressure drop
port openings.
Lift Area
Coefficient of Flow =
Equivalent
Area
HOERBIGER 2007
Valve velocity
differences in
where:
vm is the mean valve velocity [ft/min]
(m/sec)
the cylinder.
is 3,14159
fe is the lift area of valve [sq. inch]
(cm)
z is the number of suction or
discharge valves per cylinder end
k is the [24] for inches (1.2 x 107) for
S.I. dimensions
HOERBIGER 2007
Guard
Seat
valve lift
Flow loss
Discharge
Pressure
P2
Suction
Pressure
P1
discharge valve
motion
Seat
Guard
valve lift
TDC
clearance
BDC
suction valve
motion
piston displacement
(stroke)
Valve motion
and life.
HOERBIGER 2007
Guard
Seat
Valve Lift
Valve dynamics
Crank Angle
TDC
Fig. 9a. Valve flutter. Notice how the valve lift fluctuates between the seat and the
guard.
Guard
Seat
Valve Lift
Crank Angle
TDC
Fig. 9b. Delayed valve closure. Notice how the valve closes well after top dead center.
flow efficiency.
HOERBIGER 2007
Computer Modeling
design phase.
procurement
CNC programmers
experienced machinists
quality control
field engineers
substantially improved.
metallurgy
flow dynamics
non-metallic material specialists
outlined above.
Although the reciprocating compressor
industry is considered mature,
reciprocating compressors continue to be
mechanical engineering
compressor applications
3D modelling
HOERBIGER 2007
required.
valve geometry
temperatures.
The application may contain clean, dry
gas, or it may contain contaminants. If
contaminants or impurities cannot be
removed the valve design must minimize
their negative effects. A thermodynamic
valve lift
the mean gas velocity calculated at
medium piston speed
the selected materials for the
different valve components
Valve Performance
changes to a liquid).
equivalent area
HOERBIGER 2007
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