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BS 2655-1:
1970
Incorporating
Amendment Nos. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 and 6
Specification for
Lifts, escalators,
passenger conveyors
and paternosters
Part 1: General requirements for
electric, hydraulic and hand-powered
lifts
UDC 621.876
BS 2655-1:1970
Co-operating organizations
The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose
supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives
from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial
organizations:
Associated Offices Technical Committee*
Association of Consulting Engineers
Association of Mining Electrical and
Mechanical Engineers
Board of Trade
British Chemical Plant Manufacturers
Association
British Compressed Air Society
British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers
Association*
British Gear Manufacturers Association
British Internal Combustion Engine
Manufacturers Association
British Mechanical Engineering
Confederation*
British Pump Manufacturers Association
British Steel Industry
Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and
Administrations
Department of Employment and Productivity
(H.M. Factory Inspectorate)*
Electricity Council, the Central Electricity
Generating Board and the Area Boards in
England and Wales
Engineering Equipment Users Association*
Gas Council
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Gas Engineers
Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers*
Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Autobomile
Division)
Institution of Production Engineers
Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers
Association of Great Britain
London Transport Board*
Machine Tool Trades Association
Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Defence, Army Department
Ministry of Power
Ministry of Public Building and Works*
Ministry of Technology*
Ministry of Technology National Engineering
Laboratory
Ministry of Transport
National Coal Board
National Physical Laboratory (Ministry of
Technology)
Royal Institute of British Architects
Date of issue
BSI 07-1999
1569
October 1974
1949
April 1976
2677
July 1978
3015
May 1979
4562
May 1984
8856
December
1995
Comments
BS 2655-1:1970
Contents
Page
Co-operating organizations
Inside front cover
Foreword
iii
1 General
1.1 Scope
1
1.2 Factors of safety
1
2 Specific requirements for electric passenger and goods lifts
2.1 Guides and fixings
1
2.2 Buffers
1
2.3 Top and bottom clearances and runbys
2
2.4 Car frames
3
2.5 Car enclosure
3
2.6 Car and landing entrance construction
4
2.7 Automatic power operation of entrances
5
2.8 Controlled power closing of entrances
6
2.9 Locking devices and switches for car and landing entrances
6
2.10 Emergency devices and openings for cars
7
2.11 Car capacity and loading
7
2.12 Safety-gear
8
2.13 Governors
12
2.14 Suspension
12
2.15 Lift machines
14
2.16 Counterweights
14
2.17 Load plates
15
2.18 Controllers
16
2.19 Operation and operating devices
16
2.20 Suppression of radio and television interference
17
2.21 Terminal stopping and final limit switches
17
2.22 Main switches and wiring
18
3 Specific requirements for electric service lifts
3.1 Lift cars
18
3.2 Lift machines
19
3.3 Guides
19
3.4 Buffers
19
3.5 Counterweights
19
3.6 Suspension
19
3.7 Safety-gear
19
3.8 Load plates
19
3.9 Landing doors, shutters or gates
19
3.10 Terminal stops
19
3.11 Slack-rope switch
19
3.12 Main switches and wiring
19
3.13 Suppression of radio and television interference
20
4 Firemens lifts
4.1 Location
20
4.2 Capacity
20
4.3 Doors
20
4.4 Speed
20
4.5 Fire switch
20
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ii
Page
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
8
9
9
10
10
11
13
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BS 2655-1:1970
Foreword
This standard makes reference to the following British Standard:
BS 476, Fire tests on building materials and structures.
BS 476-7, Surface spread of flame tests for materials.
This British Standard, prepared under the authority of the Mechanical
Engineering Industry Standards Committee, is a revision of and supersedes the
previous edition of BS 2655, which was entitled Electric lifts.
The new title reflects the extension of the scope of this British Standard.
Amendments to Parts 2 and 3 have been published and implement the change in
title. The revised Part 1 and additional new parts are being published separately
and, together with Parts 2 and 3, are as follows:
Part 1: General requirements for electric, hydraulic and hand-powered lifts.
This part is basically a revision of the 1958 edition of BS 2655-11), without the
building requirements and list of definitions, and extended to cover engineering
and safety requirements for new hydraulic and hand-powered lifts as well as for
new electric lifts.
Part 2: Single-speed polyphase induction motors for driving lifts.
This part covers the type of electric motor specially designed for driving lifts. It
should be used in conjunction with BS 26132) and gives additional requirements,
including the class of lift rating and special limits of temperature rise.
Part 3: Arrangements of standard electric lifts.
This part gives standard dimensions for lift wells and machine rooms in relation
to lift capacity and platform sizes, for seven classes of lifts.
Part 4: General requirements for escalators and passenger conveyors.
This part specifies engineering and safety requirements for escalators and
passenger conveyors. The latter may be described as machines in which the
passenger carrying surface remains parallel to the direction of motion and is
uninterrupted.
Part 5: General requirements for paternosters.
This part specifies engineering and safety requirements for paternosters, which
may be described as machines where series of cars are continuously running in
closed loops and are characterized by the car floors remaining substantially
horizontal when the direction of motion is reversed at the extremities of car
travel.
Part 6: Building construction requirements.
This part specifies structural and fire resistance requirements for the equipment
covered by Parts 1, 4 and 5.
Part 7: Testing and inspection.
This part specifies tests, examination and certification of new and modified
equipment covered by Parts 1, 4 and 5.
Part 8: Modernization or reconstruction of lifts, escalators and paternosters.
This part specifies engineering and safety requirements.
Part 9: Definitions.
This part gives definitions of terms used in the remainder of the standard.
Part 10: General requirements for guarding.
This part specifies requirements for the guarding of moving parts and protection
against hazards from electrical equipment. It relates to equipment covered in
Parts 1, 4 and 5.
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2)
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3)
iv
BS 2655-1:1970
4) In certain circumstances fire resistance requirements for lift cars are now
specified and car and landing openings must now be provided with doors, not
gates, for all lifts other than service lifts. Because of the implications of this
change, for the purpose of this standard the requirements, which exclude the
use of close-picket collapsible gates for certain cars intended for the carriage of
goods only, will become mandatory after a period of five years from the date of
publication of this revision of the standard (see 2.6.1). Emergency openings in
lift cars must now be provided only in the roof and be openable only from the
outside. Emergency stop switches for passenger operation are now not
permitted.
5) The requirements for car doors and landing doors have now been combined
in three clauses dealing respectively with construction, automatic closing and
power controlled closing. Car closing force and kinetic energy limitations are
now specified.
6) Limiting stress requirements for springs are now introduced.
7) Lift car suspension requirements now cater for the use of steel plate link
chains.
8) A control station is now required on top of all lift cars which are capable of
carrying persons.
9) The requirements for firemens lifts are revised and incorporated in the body
of the standard.
10) The minimum contract load requirements for goods lifts have been
changed.
11) Counterweights shall not be used on drum drive machines.
This Part of this standard is rendered obsolescent concurrently with the
publication of BS 5655 Lifts and service lifts Part 1:1979 Safety rules for the
construction and installation of electric lifts Part 2:1988 Safety rules for the
construction and installation of hydraulic lifts Part 3:1989 Specification for
electric service lifts and Part 14:1995 Specification for hand-powered service lifts
and platform hoists.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi,
pages 1 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.
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BS 2655-1:1970
1 General
1.1 Scope
This Part of this British Standard applies to electric,
hydraulic and hand-powered passenger lifts, goods
lifts and service lifts suspended by ropes or chains or
supported by direct acting ram and employing a
guided lift car installed in a situation where the
structural requirements of Part 6 are carried out.
The requirements for passenger and goods lifts are
combined in this standard, on the basis that goods
lifts are capable of carrying persons and should thus
be subject to the same safety requirements
applicable to lifts intended for passenger operation.
The requirements for hand-powered lifts apply only
to goods lifts, hoists and service lifts.
The standard does not apply to lifting platforms and
road vehicle lifting machines having a vertical
travel not exceeding 2.00 m or 6 ft 6 in, amusement
devices, skip hoists, builders hoists, conveyors or
similar apparatus used for raising, piling or tiering.
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2.2 Buffers
2.2.1 Installation. Buffers shall be installed under
all cars and counterweights in accordance with the
following requirements:
1) Buffers of timber or rubber shall not be used
with lifts having a contract speed
exceeding 0.40 m/s (75 ft/min) or where there is
an accessible space below the pit.
2) Spring buffers shall not be used with lifts
having a contract speed
exceeding 1.00 m/s (200 ft/min).
3) Oil buffers shall be used with lifts having a
contract speed exceeding 1.00 m/s (200 ft/min).
EXCEPTION. Where a buffer type safety-gear is used
(see 2.12.5) the buffer under the car can be of the timber or
rubber type.
BS 2655-1:1970
ft/min
Up to 100
101 150
151 200
Stroke
mm
40
65
100
in
1"
2"
4
For counterweight
buffers
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4)
BS 476, Fire tests on building materials and structures, Part 7, Surface spread of flame tests for materials.
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2.12 Safety-gear
2.12.1 General. Every passenger and goods lift
shall be provided with a safety-gear attached to the
car frame and placed beneath the car platform.
Safety-gear shall also be provided on the
counterweight where there is an accessible space
beneath the travel of the counterweight.
Safety-gears shall comply with the following general
requirements:
1) It shall be possible to release car safety-gears
by raising the car, and counterweight
safety-gears by raising the counterweight.
2) Each car safety-gear shall be operated by
means of either a governor or a safety rope. All
sheaves or pulleys in contact with any part of this
rope, which is normally in motion at the same
time as the car, shall have diameters at least 30
times the diameter of the rope.
Figure 1a Contract load for passenger lifts in relation to net inside floor area
(metric units)
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Figure 1b Contract load for passenger lifts in relation to net inside floor area
(metric units)
Figure 1c Contract load for passenger lifts in relation to net inside floor area
(imperial units)
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Figure 1d Contract load for passenger lifts in relation to net inside floor area
(imperial units)
10
BS 2655-1:1970
10) The gripping surfaces of a safety-gear shall be Safety ropes shall be not less than 8.0 mm or 5/16 in
held clear of the guides during normal operation in diameter and shall be of steel or phosphor bronze.
of the lift.
2.12.3 Instantaneous safety-gears. Safety-gears
11) Any levers or cams operated by shafts shall be of the instantaneous type may be used for lift cars
having a contract speed not exceeding 0.75 m/s
fixed to such shafts by means of welding, sunk
or 150 ft/min.
keys or by equivalent positive connection.
The tripping speed of a governor used with an
12) Safety-gears shall be designed to grip each
instantaneous type safety-gear on a car shall not
guide and to operate on the guides
exceed 1.00 m/s or 200 ft/min.
simultaneously.
13) Any shaft, jaw, wedge or support which forms Safety-gears of the instantaneous type may be used
part of a safety-gear and which is stressed during on counterweights having a contract speed not
exceeding 1.50 m/s or 300 ft/min and such
its operation shall be made of steel or other
safety-gears can be operated without a governor.
ductile material.
2.12.4 Progressive safety-gears. Safety-gears of
14) The drive to a car governor rope shall be
the progressive type shall stop the lift car with
effected from the car frame.
contract load or the counterweight from governor
15) Any connecting device between a governor
tripping speed within the range of stopping
rope and car frame (or counterweight) that is
distances shown in Table 1. The stopping distance is
intended to be released when the safety-gear is
applied shall be retained in its normal position by the actual slide as observed from the markings on
the guides made by the safety-gear.
a spring loaded device.
Springs of various types may be used for limiting the
16) A pawl and ratchet shall not be used as a
force between jaws of the safety-gear and the guide.
safety-gear.
Where a spring is used and where it is partially
2.12.2 Safety rope. The use of a safety rope for
loaded prior to the safety-gear operation, the
operating a car safety-gear shall be restricted to lifts
loading on the spring shall not produce a fibre stress
with a speed not exceeding 0.50 m/s or 100 ft/min
exceeding one half of the elastic limit of the
with a.c. induction motor or hydraulic operation.
material. During operation of the safety-gear the
Pulleys used for carrying safety ropes shall be
fibre stress shall not exceed 85 % of the elastic limit
mounted independently of any shaft or casting that of the material. Where springs of the helical type are
carries the suspension ropes or chains. Provision
used they shall be in compression.
shall be made to ensure retention of the safety rope
in its pulleys.
Table 1 Governor tripping speeds and stopping distances
Stopping distances
Contract
speed
Governor
tripping
speed
(see 2.13.2)
Minimum
m/s
m/s
Stopping distances
Maximum
Contract
speed
Governor
tripping
speed
(see 2.13.2)
Minimum
Maximum
ft/min
ft/min
ftin
ftin
0 0.62
0.75
1.00
0.88
1.05
1.40
0.15
0.15
0.23
0.38
0.41
0.56
0 125
150
200
175
210
280
06
06
09
13
14
1 10
1.25
1.50
1.75
1.69
1.98
2.26
0.28
0.33
0.38
0.69
0.84
1.02
250
300
350
337
395
452
0 11
11
13
23
29
34
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.55
2.84
3.13
0.46
0.54
0.64
1.22
1.48
1.73
400
450
500
510
568
625
16
19
21
40
4 10
58
3.00
3.50
4.00
3.70
4.28
4.85
0.84
1.10
1.37
2.32
3.01
3.82
600
700
800
740
855
970
29
37
46
77
9 10
12 6
4.50
5.00
6.00
5.42
6.00
7.20
1.65
2.03
2.85
4.65
5.64
8.03
900
1 000
1 200
1 085
1 200
1 440
55
68
94
15 3
18 6
26 4
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2.13 Governors
2.13.1 Governors shall be placed where they cannot
be struck by the lift car or counterweight in the
event of overrun.
2.13.2 Governors for safety-gears shall be adjusted
to actuate the safety-gear at not less than 115 % of
contract speed and at not more than the tripping
speed listed opposite the applicable contract speed
in Table 1.
No governor shall be required to operate the
safety-gear at less than 0.70 m/s or 140 ft/min.
2.13.3 Any governor for a counterweight safety-gear
shall be adjusted to trip at a speed greater than, but
not more than 10 % above, the tripping speed of the
car governor.
2.13.4 Each governor shall be marked with its
tripping speed in terms of car speed in m/s or ft/min.
2.13.5 The motor-control and brake-control circuits
shall be opened before or at the time the governor
trips [see second paragraph of 2.12.1 4)].
2.13.6 Governor ropes shall not be less than 8.0 mm
or 5/16 in diameter and shall be of steel or
phosphorbronze and of suitable construction.
2.13.7 Governor ropes shall run clear of the
governor jaws during normal operation of the lift.
12
2.14 Suspension
2.14.1 Methods of suspension. Lift car
suspension shall be by means of round strand steel
wire ropes, or by means of steel plate link
chains. 2.14.2 or 2.14.3, as appropriate to the type of
suspension, shall also be complied with.
2.14.2 Rope suspension. The ratio of the
minimum breaking load of the rope to the working
load shall not be less than the following:
Rope speed
Not exceeding 2.0 m/s
or 400 ft/min
Not exceeding 3.5 m/s
or 700 ft/min
Not exceeding 7.0 m/s
or 1 400 ft/min
Minimum ratio
of breaking load
to working load
10 : 1
11 : 1
12 : 1
BS 2655-1:1970
Class of rope
6 19 (9/9/1)
d (44 + 3S1)
d (44 + 0.015 S2)
6 19 (12/6 + 6 F/1)
8 19 (9/9/1)
d (37 + 3 S1)
d (37 + 0.015 S2)
NOTE d
S1
S2
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2.16 Counterweights
2.16.1 All counterweights shall be of metal and shall
travel between rigid guides.
14
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BS 2655-1:1970
2.18 Controllers
2.18.1 General. Controllers shall comply with the
following general requirements:
1) Controllers shall be totally enclosed in a metal
cabinet, the front of which may be in the form of
a hinged door capable of being secured in the
closed position.
2) Non-combustible material shall be used for
controller panels and their supporting frames.
3) Fusible cut-outs shall be so placed and
constructed that the blowing of a fuse shall not
cause a short circuit between adjacent
conductors.
4) Main and auxiliary resistors shall be
adequately supported and ventilated.
5) Control circuits shall be protected by fuses or
equivalent means independently of the protection
for the main circuits.
6) In an automatically controlled lift the opening
of the circuit to stop the lift at the terminal floors
shall not be dependent upon the direct operation
of a spring or upon the completion of another
electrical circuit.
7) No control system shall depend upon the
completion or maintenance of an electrical circuit
for the interruption of the power supply to the lift
motor and the application of the machine brake to
stop the lift car:
a. at the terminal floors, or
b. when an emergency stop switch or other
safety device is operated.
NOTE This requirement does not apply to dynamic braking
or to speed control.
16
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3.7 Safety-gear
3.3 Guides
3.3.1 The requirements of 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 shall
apply to service lifts.
3.3.2 Guides and their fixings shall withstand the
application of the safety-gear (if provided) when
stopping a fully loaded car or the counterweight.
3.3.3 One set of guides may be used for both the car
and counterweight.
3.4 Buffers
Buffers shall be installed under all cars and
counterweights.
Spring buffers or buffers of rubber or timber may be
used.
3.5 Counterweights
Counterweights shall be of metal.
Those consisting of sections without frames shall
have not less than two suspension rods extending
throughout the counterweight. The nuts on the
suspension rods shall be retained by split pins or
equivalent positive means.
3.6 Suspension
Lift car suspension shall be by means of either
round strand steel wire ropes or steel plate link
chains.
The factor of safety of suspension ropes or chains
shall not be less than 8, calculated by the method
given in 2.14.2. Connecting links shall have a
strength at least equal to that of the chain to which
they are attached.
A single rope or chain may be used for suspension.
The diameter of drums, sheaves or pulleys shall not
be less than 30 times the rope diameter.
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BS 2655-1:1970
4 Firemens lifts
This section is rendered obsolescent under the
conditions stated in the foreword
(see Amendment No. 5).
4.1 Location
Firemens lifts may be required by the Fire
Authority and their positioning is the subject of
agreement between this Authority and the
architect.
4.2 Capacity
The lift shall have an effective platform area not less
than 1.45 m2 or 15" ft2 and be capable of carrying a
load not less than 550 kg or 1 200 lb.
4.3 Doors
The lift shall have power operated doors giving a
minimum clear opening width of 0.80 m or 2 ft 9 in
and arranged to remain open whilst the lift car is at
a floor when under fire control conditions.
4.4 Speed
The speed of the lift shall be such that it will run its
full travel in not more than one minute.
20
5.2 Buffers
All the requirements of 2.2 or 3.4 apply, except that
where hydraulic buffering is incorporated in the
design of the lifting cylinder, solid buffers are
acceptable to meet the requirements of 5.13.
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5.12 Safety-gear
5.12.1 Direct acting lifts
All direct acting lifts capable of carrying passengers
shall be provided with and either:
1) governor operated safety gears complying with
the requirements specified in 2.12; or
2) a rupture valve(s).
Instantaneous safety gear shall not be fitted to
direct acting lifts. Other forms of safety gear shall be
made to absorb any impact loading at the cross head
due to inertia of the ram and attachments.
5.12.2 Indirect acting lifts
All indirect acting lifts shall be provided with safety
gears complying with the requirements specified
in 2.12.
The safety gear shall be operated by either:
1) an overspeed governor; or
2) a safety rope in conjunction with a rupture
valve, on lifts with a rated speed not
exceeding 1.0 m/s.
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5.14 Suspension
Where the raising of the lift is achieved by the use of
ropes or chains interposed between the ram and the
car, the requirements of 2.14 or 3.6 shall apply. As
an alternative to the types of chains referred to
in 2.14 and 3.6, balance chains may be used. For
balance chains the pulleys shall have machined
square bottom grooves and shall have flanges not
less than % chain depth.
Where chains are used, a chain speed of up
to 0.63 m/s and a travel of up to 25 m are permitted.
The minimum thickness of the car roof when chains
are used for suspension shall be 1.5 mm steel
or 15 mm timber.
22
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MAXIMUM LOAD,
modulus of elasticity,
moment of inertia of cylinder ram,
maximum exposed length of
cylinder ram.
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5.16 Counterweights
The requirements of 2.16 or 3.5 apply.
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6.4 Guides
Car and counterweight guides shall be of steel or
straight grained seasoned wood, free from knots,
shakes or other imperfections. All joints in the
guides shall be smooth, flush and parallel.
The guides shall be securely fastened and of such
strength and fixing spacing that they will not suffer
permanent deformation under normal working
conditions.
Guides shall be of rigid construction and ropes shall
not be used for guiding either cage, platforms or
counterweight. Where safety-gears are provided,
the guides shall withstand the application of the
safety-gear and full contract load conditions without
permanent deformation. The guides should extend
the full length of the lift well and be so designed that
the shoes cannot come out of the guides.
6.5 Buffers
The requirements of 3.4 apply.
6.6 Counterweights
The requirements of 3.5 apply.
6.7 Suspension
The top car or balance weight clearance shall be
such that any part of the anchorage (including the
splice) shall not be less than 50 mm or 2 in from the
contact between the suspension rope and the sheave
or drum.
The factor of safety of suspension ropes or chains
shall not be less than 8, calculated by the method
given in 2.14.2. Connecting links shall have a
strength at least equal to that of the chain to which
they are attached.
The suspension shall have not less than two steel
wire ropes or chains, except for a service lift where a
single rope may be used. Drum ends of suspension
ropes shall be secured by a clamp or splice, and
where the anchorage is insufficient to withstand the
working tension of the rope at least one complete
turn of suspension rope round the winding drum
shall be provided when the car or counterweight
(when fitted) is resting on the buffer.
6.10 Safety-gear
Each car having a travel of more than 4.50 m
or 15 ft shall be provided with a safety-gear.
This requirement does not apply to service lifts,
except where a service lift is working over an
accessible space where the pit cannot support the
impact load of the freely falling loaded car and
counterweight. In such a case a safety-gear shall be
provided for car and/or counterweight.
The safety-gear need not be operated by a speed
governor and may be instantaneously operated as a
result of the breaking or slackening of the rope or
chain.
Where the travel exceeds 12 m or 40 ft, driving
machines having hand operated brakes shall be
equipped with an automatic speed brake.
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BS 2655-1:1970
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Illumination and lighting fittings (SL 14)
Industrial instruments, etc. (SL 17)
Iron and steel (SL 24)
Laboratory apparatus (SL 23)
Leather, plastics, rubber (SL 12)
Local authority purchasing officers guide (SL 28)
Machine tools (SL 20)
Mechanical engineering (SL 6)
Nomenclature, symbols and abbreviations (SL 29)
Non-ferrous metals (SL 19)
Nuclear energy (SL 36)
Packaging and containers (SL 15)
Paints, varnishes, paint ingredients and colours for paints (SL 9)
Personal safety equipment (SL 30)
Petroleum industry (SL 38)
Printing and stationery, paper and board (SL 22)
Road engineering (SL 32)
Shipbuilding (SL 40)
Textiles and clothing (SL 33)
Welding (SL 7)
BSI 07-1999
BS 2655-1:
1970
BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL