^^59833

aw"?

BOr^gi*^^

CITIZENESS

"_

-J.
BY

IMBERT

SAINT-AMAND

DE

BY

TRANSLATED

SERGEANT

THOMAS

PORTRAIT

WITH

NEW
CHARLES

PERRY

YORK

SONS

SCRIBNER'S
"

i8qo

"

"

"

SEEN BY

PRESERVATiOl
SERVICES

r^

it/?/3

1890,

COPYRIGHT,

BY

CHARLES

SCRIBNER'S

SONS.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER

PAGE

I.

The

Day

II.

The

Festival

after

Wedding

the

of

Victories

the

14
,

III.

Bonaparte's

IV.

Entrance

Bonaparte's

Madame

Josephinp:

V.

VI.

at

Arrival

in

25

Italy

34

War

the

46

Castiglione

Between

Milan

into

and

Arcole

59

Arcole

VII.

70

After

VIII.

Arcole

88

IX.

The

End

X.

The

Serbelloni

XI.

The

Court

July

14

XII.

XIII.

Bonaparte

XIV.

Passeriano

of

XVIII.

XIX.

Montebello

114

Milan

at

and

123

18th

the

134

Fructidor

143

at

Bonaparte's

XVII.

105

Venice

151

Formio

Campo

XVI.

95

Palace

of

Josephine

XV.

Campaign

the

The

Festivity

An

Entertainment

158

Return

at

France

to

the

at

160

172

Luxembourg

the

Ministry

Foreign

of

Relations

184

Vi

CONTENTS.

CHAPTEB

PAGB

XX.

Bonaparte

TO

XXI.

XXII.

The

Paris

XXIII.

Josephine

XXIV.

Bonaparte

XXV.

Josephine

and

before

the

Egypt

Farewell

193

at

during

Toulon

Year

the

during

the

202

VII

212

Campaign

Egyptian

220

232

Egypt

in

dition
Expe-

Egypt

246

The

Return

XXVI.

The

Meeting

XXVII.

The

Prologue

The

18th

Brumaire

271

The

19th

Brumaire

280

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.

Epilogue

from

Bonaparte

of

of

the

and

18th

Brumaire

Josephine

254

263

292

CITIZENESS

BONAPARTE

CITIZENESS

THE

March

the

of

saviour

and

had

Tallien,
Her

wedding.
with

her, and

been

obliged
and

maps

task

in

should

of

been

than

to

shouting

through

the

postpone

love

after

and

much

husband;

Ragusa

she

with

love

had

in

his

had

is

art

of

well

Memoirs,

lost

"that

had
with

up

door

that

the

he

victory.
she

"

was

Bonaparte

"

graceful

was

of

some

her

pleasing
known,

he

imperative

wife,

She

her.

hours

an

twenty-six,

she

the
it

moreover,

says

only

although

attractive,

freshness, and

of

in

his

than

younger
he

till

the

days

two

himself
of

yet, although

very

lock

urgency

nearly thirty-three,
was

the

plead

to

at

only

forty-eight
to

had
the

witnesses

as

spent

once

she

regicides, Barras

two

had

Bonaparte.

Vendemiaire,

present

these

during
more

and

Beauharnais

IV.),

year

13th

the

husband

excuse,

have

Vent5se,

Convention

the

of

Citizeness

of

name

hero

WEDDING.

Viscountess

(19th

the

THE

the

days

9, 1796

married

And

AFTER

borne

had

his

DAY

two

FOR

BONAPARTE.

as

the

in

love

her

young
Duke
it

is

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

idle to seek for

reasons

this

than

feeling.
.

and

the first time

character."

But

had

he

his back

11, he

March

Barras

which

confidence

This

actions.

it is

country;
resolution

The
wife

day

same

and

(laterthe

rue

had

so

de

with

gold,and
were

purse

been

in

his

him

hundred

thousand

Lombardy.

He

to

to

of

my

fifm

my

of

those

respects."

in the

to

his

Chantereine

rue

his

happiness
camp,
aide-de-

his

Chauvet,
commissary-general,
thousar;d francs in
forty-eight

that the commander

was

it of all

than

Accompanied by

part protested. It

in want

and

Victoire),where

brief.

Junot, and
carried

la

in all

Paris, biddingfarewell

his little house

to

been

he left

The

me

inform

interests

best wishes

Republic. My

shown

guarantee

other

riage
mar-

my

tie of attachment

new

no

Citizen

Beauharnais.

duty to

additional

an

have

to

obliged
glory.

marriage

Directory of

Directory has
it my

is

of his

commissioned

Tascher

makes

circumstances

the

the

mander-in-chief
com-

dent
Letourneur, Presi-

to

the Executive

Citizeness

with

my

had

"

was

peril and

tell him

Directory,to

to inform

appointed

Italy. He

this letter

before

days

two

of

in

all the force of his

just been

Army

in love

was

apparently,for

It was,

love, to fly to

on

wrote

of the

Bonaparte

felt it with

he

of the
turn

of the word.

meaning

every

he

loves,

one

sis
nothing is less capable of explanationand analy-

and

to

because

loves

; one

lead

of

francs in drafts,which
was
an

it to

stopped at

the

with

that

army
the

this

fertile

house

modest

had

long
plains of

c"fMarmont's

father,

AFTER

BAY

THE

horses

follows:

letter, as

Chatillon, and
draw

certain
takes

sent

thoughts;
imagine what you
my

happy

for

so

and

from

in that

with

case

see, I

you

that you

regret the speed

love.

am

sure

feelingtowards
heard

any

are

ment
mo-

ever

trying to

you

and

all goes well

only so

The
far

as

longer any

no

only be
with

When

feel that

illnesses and

they

is

kind

satisfied when

you.

brings me
I think

health

beingsad ; then
separated from

am

sleptwell, I

messenger

well.

have

can

please; but, my

to

for

reasons

that you

destitute of

I fear your

which

with

if I have

me

rested
me

me,

that

until

affect

You

friends,I blame

hard

am

have

have

to

moment

every

frivolous and

are

you

bad, or

answer

Every

you.

your

different when

asks

attorney

tires itself in

dear, it is very

one

from

you

me.

and

wrote

doing. If I picture you sad,

If you
my griefis increased.

are

merr}^

of

due

from

he
to

wrote

you,

fancy

and

deep feeling.As

have

sums.

forgettingthe painfulthree days'separation

soon

my

certain

there

power

are

away

my

is wrung

are

you

further

I feel less able to be

heart

"I

which

sums

me

from

and

Chanceaux,

at

second

draw

of attorney to

power

sephine
Jo-

sent

14, at six in the evening,he stoppedto change

March

my

he

Chatillon-sur-Seine, whence

at
a

in

WEDDING.

THE

word

may

any

I can't

that

anger

of

you
men

affect you.

good genius,who has always protected me

amid
great perils,guard and protect you ! I will
Ah ! Don't
be happy,
gladly dispense with him.
May

my

but be

little

melancholy,and

above

all,keep

sorrow

CITIZENESS

from

mind

your

remember

and

what

thousand

and

illness from

Ossian

pet, and

my

me,

BONAPARTE.

about

says

that.

kisses from

to

accept

best and

your

you

Write

good long letter,and

one

body:

your

most

loving friend."
At

this

with

time, Bonaparte

wife

his

her, while

than

she

was

fierytransports of
her

of

sort

much

was

she

was

but

moderately

with

devoted

frantic

in love

more

him.

touched

husband

idolatry. She

or

fate she had

whose

At

hero.
in him

of the
to

old
a

marry

general?
had

not

than

; at

felt for

remained

Bonaparte

His

in

bore

in him

of the

in

Chantereine
rue

du

Bac.

Italy.
as

called

Was

"

I wise

Paris

loved

to

former

the

very

nobility.

was

now

anxious

the gutter of

de Stael
she

he

surprise

more

genius,was
not

was

She

Madame

In

woman

violent, strange

likeness

no

later to be

was

joinhim

to go to
rue

Josephine;

fact, with

only eccentricity.Josephine
the

dence
perfectconfi-

of Versailles,the favorite types of

courtiers
What

He

fascinated

heart.

inspired her,

man

madman

As

herself,

in

Robespierre,a Republican

had

her

won

sympathy.

she felt

asked

the

was

others, she doubted.

friend of young

"

herself

moments

regime,she

yet

character

certain

bound

the

by

who

Paris, a little anxious, wondering whether

with

adored

He

near

loved
her

that
son

daughter,her relatives and friends. She took

delight in the varied but brilliant society of the
of the old-time
Directory,which had acquired some

and

elegance,and

where

her

grace, distinction,and

ami-

BAY

THE

abilityaroused

AFTER

general

pleasurethe opening
seemed,

it were,

as

of

which

admiration.
few

She

with

saw

drawing-rooms,which
ashes

the

and

theatres

the

indifferent

the most

even

WEDDING.

rise from

to

interested in the

was

THE

and

she

life in

social
finds

woman

some

charm.

Meanwhile,

of March

the 29th
of

Italy.

de

tobacco,
lacked
and

or

foot

men

famous

ammunition

mangy

and

the

and

half-naked.

but

can

than
the

The

do

you

large cities
lack

guns

glory.

them

sixtycannon,
drawn

were

artillery-menwent

of

service,for the

no

horses."

It

was

to

general addressed this

Soldiers, you are poorly fed

"

government
for you.

honor, but
am

owes

Your

you

patience,your

they bring

about

to

much,

lead

you

you

no

vantage,
ad-

into the

plainsin

the world

there

you

will

find

and

provinces;

there

you

will

find

rich

honor, glory, and

you

the

buy

to

young

nothing

fertile

but

rode their

do

no

munition
am-

of

Most

had

mules, the

proclamation:

courage,

abundant

belongings

food.

cavalrywas

that

men

dinians
Sar-

provisions,without

their

wretched

and

led rather

those

half

sold

some

insufficient

lame

with

cannon,

bayonets. They

even

Army

and

Austrians

without

pay,

had

shoes, who

of the

opposing them, thirty-twothousand

without

French,

most

command

on

be seen," says the General

to

hundi-ed

two

and

on

taken

were

Nice, and

reached

S^gur, "fifty-twothousand
and

by

had

There

"

had

Bonaparte

courage

wealth.
?

"

Soldiers

of

Italy,shall

6'

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

the moment

At

of

in which

forgethis

his ambition

was

last.
to

made

has

none

How

can

such

impressionon

an

Don't

Germinal

all your

dear

think, my

way?

What

it burns

from
the
no

believe

there

you,

is

chance

of

heart.

issue,if

the sole

hand

on

and

loved-

from

my

jealousy,was
A

few

to

out

than

my

If I

life.

am

fear the

life,

curse

is

beating
perfecthappiness

image

your
me

the time

that

love."
be

to

all

now

affectionate

you,

alone, with

ready to

am

soon

was

enough
ecstasy. "By what
were

of my

it,and love is for

myself absent
Bonaparte, who

from

more

everything is smiling,except

see

rapture.

heart

my

style!

of events, and

if I

to

It's like fire ;

away

of

me

thought

all the torment

I look at
and

robbed

have

What

joy of pouring

delicious

tastingthe

my

adding

I stand

in which

desert

that

only Josephine,away

My

happiness;

no

disgustme,

men

place my

there.

are

by

out

worn

is

You

soul ; you

soul ?

describe !

you

heart.

poor

my

world

my

those

are
feelings

the

as

love, of writing

you

regrets,and tormenting my

letters,

me

positionis already cruel enough, without

my

did

eager,

the first battle he wrote

received

you

in such

me

so

I have

"

great

hostile armies,

Maurizio, the 14th

Porto

(April 3, 1796) :
but

Before

paign,
cam-

so
impossible,

the

love.

this letter,dated

wonderful

superiorityof

Bonaparte, though
not

seemed

success

the numerical

was

beginning this

the

confidence

lines from

plunge

art," he

him

goes

of

prey

into
on,

hand

the
a

sort

"have

picion
sus-

and

he
of
you

BAT

THE

how

learned

many

That's
to

get

lands

and

you

read

before

the

Alas
reign!
unclouded, and

countries

these

! the

separate

us

the

heart

of love

sun

these rapturous
That

Fool

away.

How

long

How

press
feebly ex-

which

over

you

for

is seldom

whispers are

of her

nor
fidelity,

I do everything

but

love, and

long
lowed
fol-

soon

doubted

day he

centrate
con-

live for

joinyou.

to

words, which

of

to

To

life.

my

dying

am

by lamentations.
of his wife's

being?

only going further

am

emotions

"

faculties?

my

story of

the

you

that I

see

WEDDING.

whole

yourselfmy

Josephine!
I don't

THE

captivateall

to

in

to

AFTER

neither

yet

he

felt

the

melancholy which is inseparable from

grand
I
passions. Oh ! my adorable wife ! he wrote,
"

"

do

not

me

longer from

my

courage
a

was

when

know

time
I

of the
looked

what

be
she

you,

when

thought of
lot that

the

at

stops the

me

to

one

who

beingloved

that

point.

my

courage

of

that

surprise.
be

may

might

men

But

in

keeps
There
;

and

do

me,

for me,

reserve

now,

it ;

without
the

trouble,that

I
a

thought
she

may

all, the cruel, fatal thought that

less,inflicts

beating of

dejected,robs me
despair. I often

if it

but

terrible misfortunes

love

to

destinymight

Josephine

may

be able to endure

proud

the harm

most

ill,and, above

out

was

my

no

me

I shall not
hold

will not

quiver, with
that my

fate awaits

"

of
used

my
even

tortures

heart, makes
the

courage

to say, Man

can

on
me

of
do

my

soul,

sad

and

fury

and

no

harm

willingto die ; but now, to die without

is
by you, to die without this certainty,

is

CITIZENESS

the

of

torture

BONAPARTE.

hell; it is the

of total annihilation.

image
been

journeyof life,the day

shall have
I will

sweet

stop,my
mind

have

good

reason

from

my

is

of

at

Porto

All

he

Maurizio,
The

Albenga.

at

have

painful

longer
the

me

sess
pos-

world
.

sad, I

am

very
I

men.

they separate

two

his dream

closes

his letter

Oneglia;
in

armies

are

The

most

pleased with

suffers

never

the warrior

once

from

near

the other.

much

am

hating them;

aroused

trumpet, and

to outwit

the

sick of

am

Bonaparte'scharacter

suddenly

who

vegetation.

soul is

out, I

if I

as

me

no

for

all its

; my

worn

melancholy.
is

and

pet

for

I shall

crushing

me

love."

man

of

to

seems

that when

lost all warmth

tired, my

He

when

heart will be

your

from

It

and

choking. My only companion, you

chosen
by fate to make with me

were

vivid

long

reappears.
the

by
thus

"

to-morrow

call
am

at

am

motion, each trying

skilful will succeed.

Beaulieu;

he

manoeuvres

very

well, and is superiorto his predecessor. I shall

beat

him, I hope, out

love

me

like your

your

mind, your

raving;
him

who

loves

yourself,than

life,your
is

nature

that's not

eyes, but

than

yourself;more

But

all.

weak, when

one

be anxious

enough, like

thoughts,
forgive me, I'm
feels keenly, in
your

Barras, Sucy, Madame

To

you.

Tallien, my

sincere

regards;

Renard, the

proper

messages

tense, my

Don't

of his boots.

to
;

to

Madame

Ch^teau-

Eugene,

to

Hor-

real love."

April 3, Bonaparte

had

perfectconfidence

in his

DAY

THE

wife

her for

18th

the

received

the

beautiful

and

in

away,

favorite

reads

find

in

it

But

letters

hunting

I have

broke

was

leagues
of

and

rest

cold

as

fancied
I
;

in your
I

that

found

saw

your

vious
pre-

the emotions

give

they
I

senses.

my

the

me

am

friendship.

as

shines

mastered

The

for six hours.

much

death.

one's

devours

one

I am!
too

me

fear

is

wasting another

fire which

colder letters,but these

am

as

sometimes

absurd

my

exists, only in memory

wanted

the

by

course,

three hundred

man,

of the

none

how

idea of

last letter is

letters moved

produced

the

your

Your

glance,which
there.

Of
.

tend
pre-

out

worn

I
.

The

after

dishes

pleased.

not

so

am

you

earlyspring the country

lives, moves,

who

you;

doubt.

writing to

who

afterwards

dear

my

"I

go,

lover
then, the nineteen-year-old

there, without
moment

from

interruptto

you

who

In the

blames

her

to

wrote

and

me,

fatigue. Oh,

and

in the wrong.

am

3d^ he blames

(April 7, 1796):

which

country

jealousof

be

to

work

the

He

Germinal

letter

say, into

you

WEDDING.

suspects her

writing too coldly.

Albenga,
have

THE

writing too affectionately

; the 7th, he

for

her

he

7th,

the

AFTER

chill of

of not

being loved by Josephine,

But
I
thought of her proving inconstant, of
there is so
inventingtrouble for myself. When

much

devise

"

that
more?

boundless
your
return

is real
You

love

such

cannot

without

thought, your
for

the

in

world, is it necessary
have

and

affection,such

with

inspired me

sharing it,with

reason

to

no

one

your

soul,

can,

in

devotion, inflict

10

CITIZEN

deadly blow.
a

A
.

"

are

of him

worthy

memento,

wishes

my

only wife, and

of my

memento

those

victory,

BONAPARTE.

ESS

who

single,complete

thinks

of you

at

every

moment."
victories

The

about

were

April 12,

amazing.

On

Millesimo.

the

it

follow, swift

to

Montenotte

was

heights of

the

Monte

and

14th,

Zemolo,

the

suddenly at its feet the promised land, the

fertile plains of Italy,
with
their splendid
rich and
their broad rivers,their magnificentcultivation.
cities,
saw

army

rays of the dawn

The

horizon

the

be

to

were

of

this unrivalled

lit up

the eternal

seen

broke

Alps.

young

general,pointing to

cry

joy

from

the

and
of

have

we

Mondovi

turned
; on

to
won

his

six

cannon,

of his

crossed

the

The

future

Alps,

April 22, the victory

the 28th, the

of

armistice

Cherasco

Bonaparte addressed this proclamation

Soldiers,in fifteen days you have
troops:
"

victories; captured twenty-one flags,

fifty
fortified

many

part of Piedmont

and
prisoners,
men.

You

lacked

yourself with
without

cannon

forced

alone

places; conquered

you

have

killed and

sand
fifteen thou-

wounded

ten

have

everything,you
crossed

marches

bread;

capable

of

have

rivers

without

the richest

captured

everything; you

without
were

"

ranks.

Piedmont.

with

made

them

the

; on

of the

snows

scene

conquests, exclaimed, "Hannibal

view

thousand

supplied

gained battles

without

shoes

bridges;
often

ouacked
biv-

the

Republican phalanxes

such

extraordinarydeeds.

Soldiers,receive your due of thanks I

"

12

BONAPARTE,

CITIZENESS

won't

heart, in my

Take

King Joseph, in

one

from
the

It

"

at

was

Cherasco,

commissioned
for the

me

speediest

of Sardinia,in order to

hours

twenty

be hard
The

to

at which

form

ure
departnotion

of

of the Directory

at

with

the

army

the

end

of

|
present,indignant

was

opinion which

the unfavorable

our

content

reached

after

members

Carnot,

Director

at his house

"

reasons

testifytheir

its leader.

If

tiresome.

postchaiseand

same

popular enthusiasm.

dinner
with

and

to

But

Italy. To his aide-de-camp

duty of presenting the battle-

It would

Nice.

hastened
and

King

left in the

hundred

come

in

Austrians

flags. We
Paris

the

assignedthe

he

Junot

Directoryhis

with

possible
peace

my

if the

brother

Flordal, that my

to set before the

isolate the

Paris

departurefor

Junot's

the 5th of

wings, come,
long,bad, and

side, on

Come,
fatigue
one, but slowly."
his Memoirs, thus speaks of his

adorable

eagerly,my
and

is

the way

here, by my

upset or be hurt

to

were

you

arms

slowly ;

travel

will be

You

you

mies
Bonaparte's ene-

expressed,declared before twenty guests that

and opening his waistcoat, h-e
they did him injustice,
which he wore
of the general,
showed
the portrait
on
his
is

exclaimed, 'Tell

heart, and

there, because

of France, and

Directoryhe
who

had been

to carry

the

there before

brother

I foresee that he will be the

that

has

your

he

must

only admirers

sent

from

know

that

friends.'

and

"

saviour
in the

Murat,

Cherasco, through Piedmont,

draft of the

Joseph and

well

that he

armistice
Junot.

to

Paris,arrived

Josephineasked

of

BAY

THE

all

them
husband's

from

not

the

most

In

obscurity
regret

to

her

position

of

glory.

confidence
and

THE

minute

success.

Vendemiaire,
the

AFTEB

already
princess.

few

days

Citizeness
in

in

the
the

her

concerning

details

13

WEDDING.

he

stepped

had

did

Bonaparte
star

of

Republic

the

of

man

she

held

II.

THE

FESTIVAL

OF

THE

had

BONAPARTE'Sglory
work

the
was

of

one

Every

one

the

in

known

was

of

day

shrouded

in

than

his

how

his

family,

the

public

liis

talked

about.

in

first

his

absolutely

Napoleon
his

despatches
of

knowledge

which
to

Directory

went

with

their

hands.

Army

own

first the
of

Moniteur

Italy

the

last

was

printed
14

without

of

page
the

to

effect

The

At

first

the
account

and

of

the

his

build

to

mentioned

the

to

of

number
the

May

him

this
artist.

an

pedestal

of

success

It

of

army,

see

10,

one

the

hero

reception

Of

himself

we

emotion.

especial

no

getting

the

more

character,

But

Directory,
made

was

spelled.

proclamations

work

of

origin

nothing.
art

played

anything

fortune,

the

in

had

young

he

part

knew

his

this

whose

none

beginnings,

In

the

pronounced

was

knew

equalled

ever

but

Paris

in

successes.

about

and

Vend^miaire,

name

unexpected

from

say,

Josephine

details

only

mystery;

feeling

Even

and

for

asking

was

who

man

swift

might

one

The

surprise.

such

at

been,

instant.

an

profound

amazed

been

of

VICTORIES.

was

1796,
the

the
on

that

flags

FESTIVAL

THE

OF

15

VICTORIES.

THE

-.ft

"

at

which

spoke

thus

ceremony

Moniteur

Josephine was
"

The

The

present.

received

Directory

to-day,in public session, twenty-one flagscaptured

French

the

by

Republicans

Sardinians,

the
The

Austrian

the

in

and

Mondovi.

Millesimo, Dego, and

at

of War,

Minister

from

officer who

presenting the

brought these trophies,made a speech in which he

paid homage to the valor of this Army of Italywhich,
the campaign by its victories,
to the gloryof finishing
adds that of opening it again by its triumphs,the
of

precursors

The

officer then
air which

modest

of the French

with

spoke

characterize

name

would

shed

the last

the

Republic, in

behalf

of the

of

heroes

President

He

touching.
him

but half

an

gave

as

it

added

was

to

manifested

In

her

Abrantds

by
two

Madame

of the

offered

fraternal

dignityof

the
the

kiss.

of

session,which

of

sounds

The

1795.
tion
emo-

an

his words

hour, presenteda spectacleas

moving.

of
the

more

officer a sword

brave
This

they

of

enforcement

Directoryrepliedwith

of the

rendered

which

liberty.

in defence

laws, and of the support of the Constitution

The

and

that

swore

of their blood

drop

Republic.

the virile accent

of his fellow-soldiers he

In the

the

worthy

peace

and

lasted

imposing

military music

general enthusiasm, which frequently

public!'"
Reitself by cries of 'Long live the

the

interesting Memoirs,
speaks of

the

Bonaparte

effect

and

produced

Madame

principalornaments

the

on

that

Tallien,who
of this

of

Duchess

day
were

patrioticfes-

16

CITIZENESS

tival.

Madame

"

charming.

Bonaparte," she
As

...

flower

in the

BONAPARTE.

for Madame

Tallien,she

of her wonderful

after the fashion

dressed

''

says,

still

was

then

was

Both

beauty.

were

of

which
was
antiquity,
the heightof elegance,and
possiblefor the middle of

that time

at

as
regardedas
the
sumptuously as was
day. Junot must
surely have been very proud to
such charming women,
when
to two
give his arm

left the

they

Directoryafter the reception. Junot

twenty-fiveyears old : he was a handsome

then

was

and

had

strikingmartial air ; on
that day he wore
of a colonel
a magnificent uniform
of hussars (the uniform
of Berchini),and all that the
man,

young

richness

of such

had
brave

been

had

dress could

employed
who

messenger,

which

stained

Madame

he

not

Junot,

one

arm

to

those

flags,
worthy

and

young

the wounds

of the army

this formal

he

and

Abrant^s
were

fashionable
numberless.

of

Madame

Tallien

Maria

genre

describes
anxious

to

beauties.

he

of

the
scended
de-

Luxembourg." Would
hussars, with Josephine on

palace of

charming subject of

thus

to

of the

colonel

as

occasion

Tallien, and

Madame

staircase

staircase of the

who

the

On

gave
the

of

make

to

his fine appearance

to

stillpale from

was

on
general,especially

other

add

leaving,he offered his arm

Bonaparte,who had precedenceas the wife

represented.
his

most

the
see
"

the

on

de' Medici, make

picture?
excitement

the young
The

They surged

The
of

crowd,

the

the two

says,

pressed for

Duchess

hero and

throng,"she
and

the

other, on

"

was

better

FESTIVAL

THE

view.
!

How

Long live
Long live
!

poor

'

Yes, yes,'said

'

certainlyOur

Lady

fat marketwoman

this occasion.

beauty on
much

was

"With

these

Arnault,

"

to the

too

there, dressed
various

in

on

the
receive

the

heads,

united

on

the

than

more

that

pride
most

I found

remarkable

without

some

says,

"

myself

women

of

pleasure that

had

proud

the

their

out

ful
beauti-

about

to

three

honor

of

accompany

first performance of

was

seated
the

the
to

Theatre

that it

all

victory." The

the

once

the

derful
won-

them

like the

looked

to

Tallien
at

bring

Directory was

her and

confess,"he

fresh,

tering
lovelyMay day, en-

celebrate

to

Telemaque

to

as

way

very

will

rivals," says

I still recall

escortingJosephine, was
Lesueur's

her

becomingly,wearing

where

Madame

Recamier.

Madame

agreeableexpression,

such

poet, who

young

Bonaparte,

her

: they
battle-flags

spring months

phine's
Jose-

figure,and

their

room

narian.,
Sexage-

features,the

advantagesmost

flowers

is

her

beautiful.

was

of

less brilliant and

was

she

of
regularity

of her

grace

she

the

sceptre of popularity

the

for

women

although

yet, thanks
she

two

'

produced by

and

Tallien

to

"

Madame

admired, shared

Madame

with

effect

the

people.

is kind

She

of the Victories.'

describes

also

the

shouted

poet Arnault, in his Souvenirs

The

who

'

is !

pretty she

how

Bonaparte !

Citizeness

'

And

Bonaparte !

General

aide-de-

wife ! that's his

he is !

young

17

VICTORIES.

THE

See ; tliere's his

'

camp

OF

Feydeau.

not

without

between

time, and

I recall

"

some

the

two

it is not

the fact

those

18

were
feelings
for beauty and

I should

At

for

He

I shall

which

all

by

and

zeal

my

at

use

some

be to die in its

such

to receive
no

his

10

on

was

able

even

circumstances,

of

be

to

shall

motto

generalwho

Republican

to

and

adorn
to

all

themselves,

always

the 10th

be
of

redound

them

make

Hence

the

imaginationof
except of

the
the

ideas

ought

praise.

to the

of

ceremony

brilliant and

more

With

that

with

glory
May

the

new

impressive.

It

day when the Directory

tories,
flagscaptured in the first vic-

May,

formallyreceived the
that Bonaparte
that

expressed

it were,

as

insufficient;they decided

gloriousday

I have

conqueror'sfuture conduct, they

government.

festivals should
was

the

victories,and

seemed

encouragement

every

ai^xious to

of their

nity
opportu-

every

government.

beginning. My

devotion

suspicionsof

were

of

thoughtthat

ardent

an

esteem

support."

Directors

The

the

to the

For

''

disgustingpassions,
destruction of the Republic

force

the

its

displayat

commonwealth

French

of the

and

the most

the

tendingequallyto

perfectRepul)-

able to add

and

amid

it established

certainly

was

Directory,May

been

nothing has

it

whom

in his."

to the

written

for the Constitution

seen

wife, but

in his

Tallien

not

was

Bonaparte passed for

had

devotion

It

enthusiastic

man

young

I admired

whom

time

long

glory.

loved

that time

lican.

and

natural for

have

Bonaparte

BONAPARTE,

CITIZENESS

made

the

the

won
a

battle

of

Lodi,

deep impression

populace.

bridgeover

None

thought

on

"

the

of anything

which, in spiteof the

20

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

feet

high.

each

about

led

There

it four

to

sixty feet

broad.

At

and

the

lions,

were

circle

"

limits of the

formed

was

cerempny

which

between

the

connected

were

pedestalin

the middle

the

of

the

statue

and

in the other

was

William

arose

trophies,the

the

other

the

held

about

in

of the

gratefulcountry.
in

the

oak

morning,

one

the
of
number

fourteen

laurel
the

The

covered

with

with

of the

these

fourteen

sections

of

disabled

veterans

in

lips.
leaves
name

nounced
artilleryan-

festival.

in fourteen

armies

in

of

and

her

to

and

salvo

Guard,

forward

palm,

distribute

to

were

National

banners, marched

certain

On

statue.

raised

beginning of the
Champ de Mars were

Parisian

one

burning in

were

hand

the

the

the top of which

on

the

one

altar, were

an

the Directors

ten

On

Victories, like figuresof Fame.

which

At

of flowers.

Perfumes

military trumpet

Finally,on

arranged

were
hung, like
high tree on which
captured battle-flags.Near
by, on

of them

one

as

of the

holding a wand,

stood
pedestals,
Each

to

served

flagswere

festoons

by

Tell's cap.

which

cannon

cannon,

antique tripods placed

side

by

devoted

space

risingground appeared
Liberty seated amid various military
hand resting on
the Constitution,
one

with
trophies,

each

of

the

describingthe

barriers

The

foot

the

symbol of force, courage,

The
generosity,"according to the Moniteur.

steps

of

flightsof steps,

its

slopes
tents.

arms

and

sections, representing

Republic.
was
or

To

added
wounded

FESTIVAL

THE

soldiers,and

their wounds.

received

of the

of

Public

and

ardor.

warlike

Few

documents

of the

societyof
It

nature

their

with

homage

to

could

man,

We

benefits,and
of
love

fitlyunite

more

what

services.
watches

steps; their
our

notions

every

be

can

exist

French

people

render

fitting
by the

loved

virtues

What

being.
hearts?
to

the
of

means

Feeble, without

in

announce

the

the

life is but

our

earth,

Intelligence which

human

only by

the

verdure, promises

creatures

insensible

is

when

moment,

festival, to

all

tastes

manity.
time, of hu-

same

Avhen

anew,

and

Tyrtseus.

speech, which

this

and

all

ideas and

anew,

flowers

solemn

by

At

"

the

at

born

talents

and

country

the

in turn

of

this

as

and,

universe

this
the

blew

sermon

beneficent

the

the

gather, in

military glory

reflect the

harvests, when

over

time

be

to

language

makes

that

begins thus

seems

rich

was

well

of war,

adorning itself
us

It

so

full of words

mittee
Com-

of the

celebrated
He

speak,

to

so

member

pastoral.

dent
Presi-

shepherd'spipe. Sensibility
mingled

the

with

speech was,

in

they had

in which

spoke first,as

former

Safety
of

after the fashion

of

The

militaryeclogue.

trumpet

His

place them

to

army

Carnot

Directory.

21

VICTORIES.

taken

been

representingthe

the section

had

care

THE

OF

What

citizen,

feelingof gratitude
a

long

continual

day

support,

series

of

interchange
our

parents'

infancy. They guide our first

patient solicitude aids the development
over

our

members
of what

;
we

from
are

them

ourselves

we

and

receive
of

what

our

first
is out-

22

After

us."

of

side

BONAPARTE.

ESS

CITIZEN

this exordium

the

comes

usual

the fashionable term, which

the
praiseof sensibility,
ferocious of the Terrorists,Robespierrehimself,
most
had

employed with

said

Carnot, "does

sphere of

needy in

the
his

of aid and

confine

not

hovel, and

by

further

greedy

soul

forth

to

narrow

find

the

the balm

it

from

manity,
gratitude.Huthy practice! how pitiable

knows

who

the

though alreadyrewarded
feelingof benevolence,

the

is

Sensibility,"

into his breast

pours

recompense

delicious

"

itself to

it goes

consolation, and

how
the

emphasis.

familycircle

for its benevolence

receives

much

so

thee not !

"

After this

dithyramb in honor of nature, the family,

mai'tial descriptions
after
come
sensibility,
; as
"The
new-born
harp, the trumpet.
Republic

and
the

its children

arms
can

their

stem

to defend

its

independence ; nothing

impetuosity: they

ford

retrenchments, scale cliffs. Then,

which
the

nature

itself has

fragmentsof

to exterminate

vomited

three

set, and
armies

the hordes

after

boundaries

victories,
they enlargeour

rivers,capture

to

pursue

host

the

barriers
the

over

there, they are

of traitors and

of

of

ice

about

brigands

by England, they punish the guilty

leaders and restore to the Republic their brothers,too
long lost; here, crossingthe Pyrenees, they hurl
themselves
from
the mountain
top, overwhelming
every
peace

forth

stoppedonly by an honorable
then, scaling the Alps and the Apennines,

obstacle, and
;

they dash

across

are

the Po

the soldier is seconded

and

by

the

the Adda.

geniusand

The

ardor of

the

audacity

THE

FESTIVAL

of his leaders,who
them

carry

of

form

with

out

forces with

OF

their

calmness,

dangersat

plans with

energy,

and

wisdom

arrangingtheir

now

"

into

plunging

now

23

VICTOBIES.

THE

midst

the

of their

the head

companions."
Carnot concluded
his speech with an expression of
gratitudeto the soldiers of the Republic. Accept,"
"

he

this

exclaimed, "accept
O
gratitude,
nothing left
for liberty
?

national
is

Why
who
in

died

hearts

our

Republic will
have

we

here

glory and

your

which

crowns

this

enclosure

least live forever

it

by

you

Later, there

new

receive

the

dancing

was

the

on

the

poet Lebrun,

then called.

day

Adorn

of

It

ran

undying

to be

Tlie
"

enemy

wave.

fastened

has

follows

de

was
a

great

hymn,

the

Lebrun,

Mars

as

half

occasion
he

was

"

memory,

thyselfwith
prodigiesof

Pindar

"

as

Centuries, you will

The

triumphal

Champ

nightfall.In the evening there

Republican banquet at which was
sung
half convivial, composed for
patriotic,

bers,
mem-

successes

until

"

and

banners."

to your

by

armies

of your

people orders

the French

The

us.

owes

some

phalanxes whose
and

in proclaiming
first,

the

pay

future, advance

in the

see

what

them

to

invincible

ye

will at

heroes

ye

recognition. Republican

its

representedin

memory,

your

You

to

repay

come

but

Republic I

the

children will be dear to

your

of

armies

of

testimonial

solemn

our

our

find

laurels !
it hard

to believe

warriors.

disappearedin flightor

has

drunk

the

black

24

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

"Under

Let

the

With
Let

us

fresh

nectar

let

drink,

and

of

has

of

cup

to

the

Bacchus?

glory
!

sparkling

drink

us

mistress

Faithful

the

friends,

fill, my

us

charms

what

laurels,

Victory,

French
.

"

Liberty,
Rejoice

The

had

in

Alps

have

And

have

not

have

happened

over

festivities

our

brilliant

our

The

Eridanus

We

preside

their
able

been

recounts

seen

at

to

exploits

bowed

to

the

heads,
defend

seas

what

was

Milan

our

going

the

kings.

swift

on

conquests,"

in

Paris.

etc.,

What

etc.

III.

BONAPAKTE

THE

and

young

fire, and

with

South,
of

free

had

They
without

and
Full

and

gay
of

but

their

preferred

their

millionnaire.
not

for
had

for rank

care

not

so

military.

trade,

Not

the

of

worthy
their

but

of

uniforms

had

no

victory.

ism,
hero-

they

were

for

passion.
the

their

which

25

of

and

career

They

luxury

fear

and

their

miother,

everything
they

l)attle,

military
a

to

the

and

talking

for

one

vocation,

lution
Revo-

the

only

The

money.

despised
only

in

unselfishness

jealousy

the

and

proud

brave

to

but

of

French

respect

themselves,

or

after

day

their

expression

were

inclined

rather

no

the

magnificent

on

ragged
They

of

the

were

their

of

"

men

liad
fii'e,

They

generous,

yet

They

country.

was

merits

amusing

ambitious

not

the

self-denial,

their

did

eyes

imagination,

bragging,

not

and

of

their

as

short

faces,

faults.

its

terrible

kind,

sunhurned

mischief,

air.

These

full

young,
"

made

just
was

were

tlie men,

hopes.

their

and

wit

All

officers, and

had

Milan

into

entrance

ideas, feelings, and

MILAN.

which

army

enthusiasm.

the

commander,

INTO

valiant

triumphant

its

ardor,

ENTRANCE

of

was

danger,

26

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

they loved it,and

lived in it

In the redoubt
"

aloud,

If the little

"

that way,

retreat."

Since

nothing

had

who

They

They

Barefooted,without

"

marched

All

are

were

the

glory with

in this

with

its

city,which

is

magnificentmarble

its

Viso

of

Bassano,

The

air is

of the

step,"
"

of

Good

shod.

soldier.

poor

sort

Milan.

at

cowardly alarms,

clad and
a

parte's
Bona-

They

earthly paradise,

cathedral, its beautiful

cityis surrounded
country : meadows, woods,

Monte

with

"

same

The

enchanting views.

remarkably fertile
fields,gildedby the sun ; in
huge chain of the Alps, the

by

to

been

shoes,

without

bread, deaf

in

us

had

happy

very

in

us

see

never

compared

great happiness to

were

women,

be

nourished, well

well

now

shoes

to

lead

legionariesthere

long been

so

will

that he

could

that

seen

grenadier answered

Gascon

Caesar's

march

could

one

men,

corporal will always

promise

soldiers.

were

such

through Europe."

ment.
ele-

their

were

Dego, Bonaparte exclaimed,

of

twenty thousand

With

if it

as

and

covered

are

so

Monte

pure

and

the distance

Rosa
with

of

summits
as

far

snow

limpid

that

scarcelymore

seem

the

which, from

the mountains

as

all the year round.

the nearest

points

dozen

fifteen

Alpine chain, though reallya

leagues away,

appears

than

or

three.

The

gazed with rapture at this glowing panorama,

at the rich fields of Lombardy, this promised land ; at
Viso, which had so long risen over
giganticMonte
soldiers

their
behind

heads, and
it.

now

they

were

to

see

the

sun

set

28

that

perfectlyclear

on

This

campaign

That

"They

must

"

there

time,

no

she

of

His

and
were

of

The

can

derstand
un-

people

they

has

one

is

on

are

satisfied?"
for

for

you."

and

the

me

more

of her.

demand

devised

in the

us

to-dayfor

us

woman,

anything great ;

an

wonderful

the imagination. One

striking

in him

and

aide-de-camp,

admiration

I shall

more

example."
Bonaparte possessedto
set

must

his
suppose

smiled

has not

the

that

Such, dear

it.

still greater successes

favors

for me,

she does

who

parte
anything yet," replied Bona-

seen
are

despiseher

our

filled with

brilliant

situation."

Are

be

I'ortune

future.

Paris?

those

our

you

in

one

be recorded

to

asked

us

haven't

They

In

ought

pictureof

Any

another.

to

most

instruction,and

faithful

about

saying

to

It

evening Bonaparte
Marmont, what do

"Well,

triumph

one

get great profitfrom

it will

father, is

him.

it is

beaten, and he has

is the finest and

It is full of

read.

famous, and
to

been

have

known.

been

them

owe

from

simply

gone

ever

we

place would

else in his

has

forever

Bonaparte'sname

General

"

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

revived

was

one

of the

would

degree the
have

art

said that

of Plutarch.

great men

ported
genius,fed on the historyof the ancients, transAll his words
times.
antiquityinto modern
when
actions, even
they appeared most simple,
arranged for effect. He thought continually

Paris,

as

feelingwhich

mixture

used

Alexander
he

of admiration

was

and

to

anxious

think
to

of

Athens.

inspirewas

surprise. With

an

a
un-

ENTRANCE

BONAPARTE'S

audacity, and

rivalled

who

gambler
united

this

positiveand
poet and

the

he

to the

passed

do with

So

command.

banker

such

men

visions

sublimest

heroic

is inferior to

he had

as

society as

militaryspiritwas

army
French

to

alities
generIt

when

times

once

under

his

cannot

ours

the

richest

simple sub-lieutenant,when
every

day calling forth

believed

in

lous
fabu-

him,

rivalled
strengthof this unlay in this,that they had confidence.
are
knights by birth. The Republic,

he believed

The

and

trivial details.

exploits. Bonaparte's soldiers

and

Ossian

originalfigure.

an

humdrum

easily understand
the

most

and

general's
great merit lay in perceivingat
he could

what

the

"

generallyincompatiblequalities

such

him

persons,
dreamt

time

in Bonaparte

the wildest

from

tounding
as-

than

rarer

were

He

same

from

and

between

that makes
The

the

at

humblest

harmony

There

complementary

preciserealities

the most

is

most

imaginationwith

practicalman.

adored

mathematics;

is this

mind.

and

heart

Nothing

boundless

scheming

acted; he

he

of

different

two

human

the

of his age.

man

combination

the

of

knowledge
a

everything for everything, he

stakes

in

spiritof

adventurous

the

29

MILAN.

INTO

in them.

The

far from
more

their

the

them
changing their character, only made
As
enthusiastic.
soon
as
they had received
baptisms of fire,the Jacobins became paladins,

Sans

Culottes

aspirationsof

Charlemagne

found

The

Crusaders.

the
or

themselves

of

Godfrey

of

filled with

companions

Bouillon

were

the
of
not

30

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

braver
there

irresistible fire

an

revolutionarychivalry,the nobility

in that

was

What

ardent.

more

or

day,which alreadyeffaced the old coats of arms,

and when
applauded by the aristocracyof Milan, it
old
could proudly say, like Bonaparte, One
grows
of

"

the battle-field."

quicklyon
Stendhal

knew

how

describe

to

of the

gloriouspoverty of the heroes

Italy,in the characteristic anecdote

this

of

When
M.

he reached
Robert

whose

with

shoes

These

he

blacked
He

the
the

on

franc
had

fastened

found

he

her

lest his

so

good
left.

little,well-

had

no

soles at

the marchioness,
was

in such

been

detected

charming, and
have

to

self
him-

were

uppers

shoes

poverty should

May 15,

was

by
cordially

most

Robert.

dressed

He

carefullywith

very

tells

marchioness,

only the

but, I repeat,the

of

needed

he

what

own,

received

was

uneasiness

of his

cords

and

by

but

by

billeted.

been

great care,

pairof

all.

he had

he

which

morning

invited to dinner

was

house

the

in

Milan,

of

Army

of its officers,
a M,

of the handsomest

one

accurately

most

lackeysin magnificentliverywho were waiting

he rose, he dropped a sixtable, that when

piece into

hands

their

it

was

every

penny

he

in the Avorld.

At

that

time, society was

with

loved

for the

corruption;
sake

sole attraction.

The

in those

days when

deadlier

the

there

one

was

money

pleasurewas

counted

battles, the

great ladies who

were

of love, and
desire of

combed
thoroughly honey-

not

on

greater

the

not

most

short life.

eagerness

the

keen
The
for

ENTRANCE

BONAPARTE'S

The

amusement.

tlieybraved

more

feverishlythey pursued
be

could

What

could

what

for; but

glory,they sought with

not

and

love

ttieyentered

moment

care

ardor.

the utmost

the

Moreover, from

more

agreeable.

bought, like

be

not

life

they did

for money

bought

death, the

makes

what

31

MILAN.

INTO

Milan,

the soldiers

to which

they had long

been

to

fat

enjoyeda comfort
strangers. They began

grow

they had

good bread and meat to eat, and good wine to drink ;

uniforms
supplied
they changed their rags for new
by the city. Monday, May 16, Bonaparte received
from the cityauthorities : that
the oath of allegiance
evening there
which
tree

the

Lombard

people.

everywhere

but

the French

that

of their
an

his

time

same

The
.

beneath

of

the

at

did

J^now that

people.

It is

insolent

monarch

throughout a

defeated

compelled to

make

war

nation
to

posted

was

Salicetti

and

hatred

harm

of

that

would
but

19th,

long held

so

cause

sure

decree

to

the death

to

Lom-

France

kings is

the

tyranny."

not

victorious

spread

terroi*

republicanarmy,
againstthe kings

combats, promises friendshipto the people whom

its victories deliver from

with
fraternity

great

the

The

sworn

sworn

despot who

yoke

announced

was

People, in

has

Scala,

liberty-

new

Republic.

Republic, which

French

bardy

it

feast

national

illuminated, and

has
tj'rants,

army

18th, a

proclamation,signedby Bonaparte

The

the

The

Societyof

I. of the

city was

this
"

of the

name

Year

dated
the

planted,and

was

in the theatre of La

concert

lit.
brilliantly

was

in the

was

32

CITIZENESS

seemed

Bonaparte
of his
"

victoryhe

Seeing this
hard

to

These

generalunder
the most

hottest

Directory. The

excited

him, had

justbeen
the
one

of

the

by

before

to

was

part of the

to

Peninsula; while
to

was

forth

set

be commanded

of the

of those

any

resignation.He

to be

the

by

armies,

confided

the

conquer

of the

Kellerman.

Bonaparte perceived that

this arrangement

him

destroyhis power
the Directorya letter

of his

fame.

glory,and

May 14, he

this passage:

to

to

robbed

would
to

wrote

to

southern

other, that

General

had

henceforth

into two

was

to

his victorious
to

divided

to be

Italywas

madness

Directory,that

which, that of the South,

him, and

North,

Paris his

to

informed

Army
of

sent

have

his heart."

determination

the

to

by

entry into Milan, Bonaparte,unknown

about

umphal
tri-

it would

tormented

evening

very

experiencedphilosopher

love

due

anger

the handsome

Romana,

passionswhich

the

jealousy,and

Porta

the

even

the two

were

was

of

for

guess

at the moment
happy, yet even
suffering.Stendhal has said

young

arch
been

BONAPARTE.

and
taining
con-

"I

regard it as very impolitic

divide the Army of Italy; it is equallyunfavorable
the interests of the Republic to set it under two

different
without
I had

generals.

consultingany

one

I should

I have

gainedsome
I

superiorforces,when

was

have

was

advantagesover
in absolute

because, confidingin your

inarch

the

compelled to adapt myself to

been

methods.

conducted

I have

as

swift

as

my

need

trust

thought.

...

in

campaign
failed if
another's

greatly
of everything,
me,

my

I feel that

BONAPABTE'S

it

much

takes

it
But

The

same

to

owe

and

also
and

glory,
Believe,

Thus
his

that

successful

career,

was

it
his

wrung

wife

to

and

weeks

starting.
she
Paris

thought

by

this

him,

and

Perhaps,
does

not

love

for

marred

the

he

thought

"

because

come

some

joy

else.

one

of

his

beginning

not

the

renown.

sorely

of

no

news

his

heart,

his

Days

come.

is

triumph.

of

besought

This

you.
the

most

had

she

of

loss

which

in

some

you."

much

received

he

with

very

so

had

she

yet
but

passed,

He

danger,

the

him

thought

and

diminish

the

with

heart.

passionate

join

at

to

know

who

lose,

not

worthy

will

all

brought

not

was

in

general,

had

be

letter

begun

to

threatened

which

Possibly

have

nothing

inspire

you

Carnot

to

fatigue, toil,
I

pride.

feelings."

my

anxious

continue

to

the

command

of

letter;

and

of

very

fettered.

be

desire

which

am

months

moreover,

esteem

of

to

not

"

two

ambition

privately

this

you

statement

wrote

thus

week,

he

day

to

of

charge
this

you

closed

which

the

to

write

38

MILAN.

INTO

to

courage

me

exposes

in

ENTRANCE

"

her

haps
per-

detained

tormenting

in

IV.

Bonaparte's

MADA]viE

Memoirs

heart;

but

like

being

of

destitute

forgotten;
it

repress

of

blood,

He

the

of

lust

feeling
in

in

saying,
"

No

Without
Like
Thou

with

Lamartine

hate
an

eagle,

hadst

reigning

but

And

talons
34

glance
to

Yet

thy

probably

knew

liow

to

for

his

feeling

the

to

seems

every
not

are

of

ties

ambition
over

thick

and

other

justified

armor.

didst

live

it."

to

measure

us

should

to

think.

solitary heaven,

wherewith

embrace

be

"

love, thou
a

opinion

we

inspires

recognized

beneath

in

yet

affectionate

an

soul.

beat

should

anxious

too

This

that

was

Doubtless

without

and

he

finally prevailed

man's

feeling

that

nature."

this

human

heart

by

exaggerated.
glory

his

was

scarcely

of

rights

strangely

us

He

parte's
Bona-

loved,

being

perhaps,

hampered

sort.

the

and

curious

believe

which

nature

created,

was

to

respect

our

loving

else,

be

to

any

of

part

possible

her

about

speak

to

other

completely.

fame

own

is

every

he
or

it

in

says,

ought

if

of

when

that

say

that

need

the

with

in

us

"

italy.

in

REMUSAT

DE

MADAME

arrival

the

earth,

36

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

into

hands,

our

in front

of his wife's

him, broke

with

in his hands.

suffered

pale, and

he said to me,
The

'

from

keenest

the

of

alarm.

be
easily

far

so

war,

frightfully

grew

'Marmont,'

distracting
him
only more
ture
impetuous na-

enthusiastic.

His

moved

passionsat

his love for his wife

perpetualrestlessness

by

and

two

his love

in which

"

unfaithful.'

from

love, rendered

his

ardent, eager, and

could

He

wife is either ill or

my

excitement

Bonaparte

by

morning, at Tortona, the glass

which
he always carried
portrait,

one

of

he lived

once,

glory.
made

"

The

him

ready victim

of

there

impatient,imperious,despotic quality.

He

was

an

could

than

no

tender

the

understand

more

failure to

the

passion.

win

Josephine ; consequently,Josephine
him.

Rather

lover

than

but

hours
forty-eight

and

all his sentiment

satiated.
to

such

The

had

careless

of

her husband

the
at

been

our

for his wife

been

the

all the fire and

itself. As
more

for

was

one

Josephine, in
and

hasten

he

had

their

he

"In
that

his

to

passed

marriage,

being

unaccustomed

surprisedthan

more

says,

this

very exact

love, which
his

nature

presence

surprisethan

and

speaking of

touched

flame of his masterful

embarrassment

must

feelingsof Josephine

time, when

only

summoned

opinion,given a

Napoleon'slove
said to be

resistance

aroused,without

perhaps

different
this

her since

Creole,who

transports,was

delightedby them.
M. Lanfrey has, in
account

with

desires

He

husband,

his

woman's

victory.

In

has

heart,

showed
she

love.

felt
The

BONAPARTE'S

MADA3fE

commanding

and

indolent

nature

feel without

not
to

Avhich

genius

very

she

exercised

sort

of fascination

her

over

than

more

could

yielding

whether

once

and

she

before

self-confidence manifested

the

traordinary
ex-

general's

in the

might not be merely the

man's
presumption which might
to bitter disappointment."

words
insignificant

most

of

result

young

easilybe

destined

Without

doubt

she

but,

"she

preferredenjoying

Paris

to

joininghim."
her

leave

to

Paris,

affectionate but
She

nature.

withal

liked

time

and

crowded, the

were

and

old

palace of

regime, which
the

Josephine.

the

of a Sexagenarian:
made
almost

Paris

poet Arnault
''The

its prey,

absolute

animation,

at that

indifference

were

the

things pleased

says in his Souvenirs

had

Terror, which

was

was

courtly manners

all these

"

city,

appearing anew,

were

Directory,

As

brilliant

drawing-rooms, which

slowly reopening,the elegance and

of the

life

frivolous

theatres,which

The

ter
mat-

her

lightand

amusing

in

kindly,amiable,

of its former

charming.

serious

relatives,and

somewhat

that

triumphs

was

to her

parte's
Bona-

by

points out,

husband's

her it

suited

which, though still shorn

yet busy

her

To

Marmont

as

children, her

admirably

so

flattered

much

Avas

early successes,

in

piercing

amiable

Avhich

terror, and

secret

his

in

glowing

saw

37

ITALY.

IN

eye

wondered

it she

ARRIVAL

followed
with

by

long

so

period

regard

to

of

thing
every-

except pleasure. By enjoyment of the present,

societyanticipatedthe future and

past. The Luxembourg, of which

made
the

up

for

the

five Directors

38

CITIZEN

BONAPARTE.

ESS

t^ken possession,had alreadybecome

had

always be
softer

place where

the

and since it

what

was

open
The

manners.

and

their brutal ways

authorityrules, a court
to women,
they had introduced
Republicans began to abandon
"

to

that

see

wholly incompatible with

gallantrywas

and
politics,

that

in employing it as
a
might be shown
The entertainments
in which
retainingpower.
the empire from which
resumed
they had been
the

of

long reign

clearlythat

those

the old customs

in power
of

than

that

tellingher

the

had

war

thought

less of

not

of

way

ladies
driven
showed

destroying

imitatingthem.

Besides, all Madame

tired of

Convention,

the

indeed

skill

during

will

Bonaparte's

that

her

place was

only begun ;

friends

never

in

not

Italy;

that she should

leave

the victorious

generalentirelyto his militaryaffairs,

campaign plans,his strategy; and that a young

his
wife

was

of

fightor

nas,

says:

intended

not

take

the disorderliness

in his excellent

"Madame
for not

April, at

to

her

part in all the tumult

of

camp.

M.

Aube-

History of the Empress Josephine.,

Bonaparte

has

been

hastening to Italy in
husband's

cised
severely critithe

first summons,

month

of

before

the

victoryof Lodi and the subjection of Lombardy;

but frankl}^,
it was
only her husband, whose genius
inspiredhim with confidence in his success, whose
could have
love scorned
obstacle, who
ined
imagevery
such

excessive

of the

haste.

Republic,it was
wives followingthe
general's
wars

Certainly,in
not

usual

armies.

the
to

see

Prudence

early
the

and

BONAPABTE'S

MADAME

obvious

for
regulations,
have

We

undertake

the

fault

The
attention
at the

seemed
used

wife

to

they had

proper

for

wife.

Madame

husband's
"Murat

the

young

showed

me

to

hero

from

of

did not

passion.

Madame

urged

this letter,as

have

well

have

take

their

to

imitation
had

not

pared
pre-

regardedas
to

his

seriouslyher
says

letter in which

speedy departure;
as

of

ionable
the fash-

Arnault

As

they

nevertheless

husband

Bonaparte
her

smiled

sure,

sort, which

might

absurd

Bonaparte

torrents

gave

de Beauharnais
of this

paid

should

writing

hyperbolesin

Versailles

lovers,but

of

habit

the

for love

societyof

be

but
Ilelo'ise^

Nouvelle

cessor.
prede-

probably
To

vulgar.

In

had

husband

would

way

legal wives tirades and

Jean Jacques. Alexander
his wife

was

wrote

its

probablyhave
That

manner.

formed

not

him, he

to

regime, who

old

little

the

to

hesitation.

urgent than

more

that

in

them

read

to

the

such

come

Josephine,would

styleand
his

love

to

of the

men

to

to

demand

indifference

in which

wife

of letters,each

mass

great

word,

extreme

an

tolerate

not

persuade his

order to

in

towns,

once

charm."

could

Bonaparte

as

at

uncertainty of

campaign, was

well

as

of Josephine

thus

out

course.

image

an

start

Italian

of this Creole nature

make
a

in the

bivouac

to

war,

To

fatiguesand

face all the

to

carving

heroine.

Roman

of

39

ITALY.

IN

forbade such

reasons,

intention

no

as

ABBIVAL

all he

had

she

written

leavingher, and all expressedthe most violent

passion. Josephinefound a good deal of amusement

since

40

CITIZEN

which
feeling,

in this

hear

to

seem

her

it true

her

with

Madame

de

make

moved, it

Bonaparte
proof
ardent

than

passion

her

to

join a

there
Rousseau's

escape
force

letter
which

"

her

of

by

here and

I ask

and
very

Even

other

no

Josephine

which

there

at

eloquence

to

loved

For

was

her.

to

feeling." Yes;

real

wrote

him

"

if he

and

of love.

who

are

is to

compelled

her

from

haps
Per-

madly.

of Jean

truth

and

induced

last

at

declamatory eloquence, but

conviction

she

as

IVIemoirs

every

full
he

husband
traces

her

in

only for

was

style,emotion

volcanic
sincere

are

her

dispositionto deny

15, 1796, and

Tortona, June

I hear
'

and
affe(;tion,

some

the

the

pose
sup-

smiles, How

unfavorable

every

cannot

knew

But

'

'"

with

felt

Bonaparte

she

'

tenderness, is nevertheless

he

Josephine
times

is !

acknowledgment

this

dagger!

accent, while

Remusat,

and

of

trace

Othello's

Creole

readingone passage in
effort to allay the suspicions

more

Fear

funny Bonaparte
Napoleon,

jealousy.

evidentlytortured him, said,

which

any

once

of

devoid

not

was

her husband, in the

which

say

BONAPARTE.

ESS

Jacques

still in this

and

accents

of

manifest.
IV. of the

Tortona, Midday, the 27th Prairial,Year

Republic [June 15, 1T96].

"To
"

My

life is

makes
alive ; I have

Josephine.

perpetual nightmare.

breathingdifficult.

lost

more

than

life,more

A
am

black
no

than

sentiment
pre-

longer
happi-

MADAME

than

more

ness,

BONAPABTE'S

in

Write

to

console

don't

pages

He

will

you

This

you.

without

me

is the

answer.

your

that

only thing

You

ill ; you

are

with

are

you

hope.

stay only four

will

bring

that

41

ITALY.

IN

almost

am

least.

distressed

see

then

in the

me

; I have

me

ten

me

courier.

Paris, and

hours

can

peace

sendingyou

am

ARRIVAL

love

child

and

overwhelms

thought

me.

in fact
to nothing had
[Symptoms which amounted
delayed Josephine's departure for Italy,and her
husband
reproached himself for having been unkind
to

her.]

know

how

have

to

set

treated

myself rightin

been

blaming you

been

ill there.

for

filled

you

have

reason,

and

I shall

from
are

which

you

in my

child
may

for

me

with

and

you

danger,I
Paris.
has

my

in

As

hope

see

you,
we

until I

see

have

serious
that

it is.

I should

always

opposed

my

been

dear

that she
without

am

again the

start

senger
mes-

until

you

the matter

If there

were

at

fortunate

wishes, and

die

the

love

to hold

I suppose

since I think
for me,

malady

may

you?
I

my

forebodings

sending to you, and

long letter just Avhat is

you
I

fate

am

how

warn

...

better

It is

that

of

Hortense;

little.

consolation,rest, and
whom

hours, and

of

me

My

is to

have

you

tlie love with

robbed

recovery.

times

console you

explainto

no

not

I have

eyes.

it.

taking care

sent

thousand

has

me

all I ask

is

have

you

dear

my

recover

for two

arms

together. Who
that

is

that

gloomy

so

me,

never

there

your

I do

staying in Paris, and

Forgive

which

ill that

so

you

any
for

once

never

to-dayI

am

42

CITIZEN

when

wounded

alone

unable
appetite,

the rest of the world

if it had

because

throw

everythingto

Scott

Walter
of

and

love

who

time, is

certainlyconfirm
that I love you
convinced

you

that

that it has
woman

hour

that to

that you

are

and

that

you,

absorb

see,

that

day

abandoned

that
be

as

that

when

of

quoted

"

that you

I do not

think

to think

grace,
see

lieart has

soul

arms,

as

other

you

are,

that

you

no

not

my

is in your

shall have

beauty,and

soul

are

to

of you

of any

you,

my

My

certain

is devoted

his

above

are

you

whole

you

served,
pre-

temperament

my

my

part

moment

strength,
my

my

"

been

imagined

thoughtsthat

no

has

liave

mind

you

brings

Arcadian."

an

all lack

they

all yours

the

that

filled it; that

do not

to you

every

passes

and

please me
wholly

my

me

it

commanders

we

me
can

entered my

never

intelligence
; that
have

tell

more

honor,

great novelist's remark

than

that

no

letter

to

more

bride

that of

as

the

dear, do remember

for

have

in

queror,
language of the conat his pleasure and

celebrated

most

last lines of the

are

The

no

I and

any

care

pictureof

Avar.

enthusiastic

as

his

disposingstates

was

defeatingthe

can

should

curious

in

as

me

myself at your feet."

in his Life of Napoleon:

says,

gives a

fieryin

The

correspondence with

his

as

otherwise

! you

victory,because

pleasure:

you

for

With

You
for

exist

not

lost all interest

annihilated.

for it

country.

my

will

been

care

you

sensitive.

am

sleep,having

to

in glory,in
friendship,

than

BONAPARTE.

ESS

corners

nate
subordigence,
intelli-

body

changed

or

44

CITIZENESS

delicate
"

BONAPARTE.

in his curious

matter

and

witty

evidentlyflattered by
inspiredso wonderful a man

Josephine was

which

she

treated

althoughshe
than

he

much

she

growing

was

her with

no

more

liglitly

more

loved

her

as

she

the

applause which
bulletin from

new

followed

always

the

of

Army

Italy.

when
she saw
that she could
extreme
griefwas
longerpostpone her departure. She thought much
of what
she was
leaving than of what she was

going

to

at Milan

have

find,and
that

justbought
that
some

Poor

woman

she

the

of

the

"

It
...

started

she

given

ready for her, she

palacesin the world for her

of Talma.

her

! she

going

were

have

Chantereine, for the

rue

with

she would

made

was

given all

the

in

with

Bonaparte,

as

that he

see

love

enjoyedthis glory,which
day, but she preferredenjoying

every

every

the

much

matter
to

glory ;

Paris, amid

it in

Her

proud

was

he loved

as

the

Memoirs:

for

little house
from

was

to

would

house

slie had

the Luxembourg

Italy,after supping

friends,of whom
burst

palace

into

was

tears, and

her execution

she

one.

there
.

sobbed

as

going

was

if
to

reign."
The

passport which

of

date

afterwards

she

reached

carriagein

which

days
a

Directorygave

the

Bonaparte
in

the

bore

Junot, her husband's

were

June

to Madame

24, 1796.

few

Milan, enteringthe city

her brother-in-law

and
aide-de-camp,

young

Joseph,
officer

Hippolyte Charles, a captain on the staff of

of Serbelloni,
The Duke
Adjutant-GeneralLeclerc.
who
had gone
her at the gates of the city,
to meet

named

followed

she

in

arrived,
and

duty,

it

passed

through

happy

couple

was

very

for

purer,
the

long

and

Josephine,

paid

attentions

Marmont,

her

to

Piedmont,
"

this

time

truer,

or

heart

of

more

so

of

says

Once

for

happy,

Sardinian

the

by

he

then

had

been

exclusive

extraordinary

lived

the

love

of

for

case

man."

the

Bonaparte

only

fill

she

as

meeting

General

Milan,

at

sent

numerous

court,

the

the

been

the

seen

had

he

had

who

had

military

some

that

days

several

her.

seeing
of

ahead

on

for

not

was

on

away

was

when

Unfortunately,

carriage.

Bonaparte

of

pleasure

or

second

never

man's

his

wife

did

heart,

V.

JOSEPHINE

AT

since

and

she

the

position

such

archduke

had

earlier

did

the

the

palace

the

Duke

negotiating
the
of

by

force

and

and

detached

freed

from

the

masterpieces
Paris
were

as

the

part

of

marvels
46

such

the

of

wrought

in

very

most

derful
won-

sent

campaign:
few

and

Upper

been

had

come
over-

Rome

the

Duke

been

coalition

yoke

the

Sardinia,

Grand

just

of

been

just
of

the

the

of

dence,
resi-

patriot

had

had

antiquity

booty

palace,

susceptibilities

King

and

Austrian

weeks

authority.

noble

the

from

few

political manoeuvring

been

The

princes.

He

Genoa

been

truly princely

and

Modena,

had

Naples

with

had

superiority,

or

republican
had

seeing

at

archduke's

Serbelloni.

of

Venice

Tuscany.

kings

great

equal

Duke

Josephine,

victorious

the

he

of

greatly

results

possessing

the

but

from

Lombardy

occupy

of

an

as

the

Pope,

Italy

of

over

from

offend

Directory

Milan,

Great

few

ruled

not

been

parted

air

but

far

had

greatly surprised

an

to

had

should

he

been

wore

been

Bonaparte

of

he

who

had

occupied.

belonged

as

lest

he

and

obtained,

he

have

must

WAR.

condition

BONAPARTE'S
changed

THE

days.

to

these

AT

JOSEPHINE

From

the
of

Tyrol

resounded

with

sustain

to

he

Alps

had

the

to

Apennines, from

Vesuvius,

to

the

47

WAB.

THE

of

name

the

the

whole

peninsula
But

Bonaparte.

this brilliant rOle,and

tains
moun-

he had

the

preserve

glory

was
swiftlyacquired. Austria
raising
armies
much
to the force they
superior in numbers
to meet.
The
were
Pope and the Neapolitan court
so

ardently devoted

most

were

Austrians.

At

the

first

this framework

house.
in

Liberal

ideas

Italy; below

He

could

not

count

Sardinia,who

Antoinette

Genoa,

with

the

army

of

done

over

of

again;

seeing

her

This

was

not

was

what
He

In
and

his wife

again for

that he

looked

Jacobins.

the

an

no

than

he
His

seemed

to

unheard-of

good

left Milan

to

to

he had

built

the pay

the

King
the

Marie

love

England
horror

take

had

he

was

so

but

imitatingothers

an

to

the
to

of

; nor

on

be

joy

leave

impetuous

Josephine with

innovation

who

Republic

compelled

was

of

King

Queen

of

had

tocracy
aris-

Tuscany,

with

only

old

the

on

reaction.

the

on

of

Duke

sooner

wars.

accustomed

queror
con-

short, everything had

determined

even

; nor

; nor

oligarchyin

who

Pope,

Grand

Archduke

its

on

the sister of

was

the

on

Austrian

an

on

; nor

; nor

for revenge

wife

young

spiritof

the

Venice, where

on

yearned

Naples, whose

was

ruled

full of uneasiness

was

of

them

the

ground like a card

only on the surface

then

were

the

which

fall to the

of

success

of

reverse

of power

gloriouslywould

so

up

the

to

him.

Bonaparte
he

did

only

to him.

try to capture

Mantua

before the

48

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

arrival of

the

by Wurmser, and,
lloverbella to Josephine,

commanded

army

from
July 6, 1796, wrote
who had stayed in Milan:
Kilmaine
dead

send

will

tired.

I need

send

the

which
preparations,

We

have

their

taken

luck.
We

had

July 17, Bonaparte

letter

have

received

heart with

am

do

can't fail to

beg

continuallysad.

with

you.

your

tears, your

chamis
and
and

My

that

scratch

that's

good

very

well.

am

hundred

wounded."

Marmirolo

ardent

dear one,

about
am

to

bullets

Since

lover

kind
are

my
all

forever
senses.

"

and it fillsmy
for your

you

that
on

must

you

horseback

I left you

only happiness

jealousy,and

yourself: you

sure

ride

phine
Jose-

to

the

it

I have

is to

be

kisses,

continuallyrecallingyour

am

the
made

seven

gratefulto

of you

good.

you

been

heart

very

had

most

had

most

word
sending me
better to-day. I

ought to be
be quite well.

my

of the

"I

fortunately.
prisonersand captured

letter,my

your

joy.

in

trouble

worthy

July

Massena

out

from

wrote

ill.

bed."

I learned

am

Verona:

Verona:

kisses.

killed and

only ten

not

be

to

in

am

Verona.

thousand

you

once

going

Brune

clothes, but

I send

to

turned

General

his

through

at

go

when

hundred

six

cannon.

report.

letter, from

Roverbella

the enemy;

of my

am

appearing before

was

enemy

to

kisses.

is another

left

hardly

of you

beg

thousand

11, there

copy

for I believe I

you,

you

you

beaten

I have

"

fair

phine's
Jose-

kindlinga blazingfire in
When,

free from

business, shall I be able

to

all
pass

easiness
un-

all

AT

JOSEPHINE

with

time

my

to think

and

you,

tellingand

of

proving
I

horse, but

have

to

you,

it to you

that

hope

do but

nothing to

of the

nothing but
will

you

be

soon

love

to

happiness of

I will send

49

'

WAR.

THE

you

your

able to

join

me."
The

letter concludes

passion: "A

but since I have

you;
a

few

thousand

adore

you

with

an

days

ago

seen

outburst

more.

every

day

La

stages of growth.
see

of

some

your

known

has its
! I

Be

idea

have

to

which

strong

does

Millions

of

kisses,and

''

I should

lucky blow,

had

rapidlythat

my

not
a

get there.
different

was

have
have
not

and

me

was

less

beautiful, less

This

plan.

...

reason

is not

in

at

my

or

yours

let

us

never

an

well; be

least be able
were

Fortune,

in

happy !
spiteof

letter,also written
whole

Mantua

the water

I have

of my

Rest

spent the

evening

all,be

me

Josephine'slap-dog.

had
I

am
a

night
by

of the

column, which
.

ferent
dif-

let

you

you.

to

another

taken

and

of

days we

many

what

beg

is not

to

even

Fortund

July 18, there

arms.

to

die. So

we

his crossness."

Marmirolo

refer

not

Come

soon.

say before

to

thought which

flash,is

course

less tender, less kind; above

graceful,
jealous,never
weep : your tears rob me
that it
Be sure
they fire my blood.
power

in

you

you,

that

proves

coming

Ah

faults!

I loved

thought

I have

this

more:

Bruyere says about love

false. Everything in nature

astic
enthusi-

I feel that I love

you

Since

times

of

lake

at

under

bold

and

fallen

embarked,

so

could

going to try again,

letter from Eugene,

50

which

I enclose.

dear children, and

Yours
there

is

know

how

you

been

the

to send

and

that

mine

and

are

when

Brumaire,
the

comments

of

course

Josephine in

there

entitled

the lake

doubtless

then

that

festival in honor

later,and

of the

which

was

society,nurtured

in

engravings we

often

and

under

tomb
Whatever

chord

given him,"

in

says

inaccurate

assertion

visited Virgil's

of

It

ordered

him

to

classics.

the
of

he

was

of the

notion

Italynear

with
In
gil's
Vir-

of his laurel."
was

tender

Napoleon'scharacter.

opinions.

Ragusa

"

will contradict

Nature

in his

almost

say
many

His sensitiveness

and

timental
sen-

had

Memoirs,
sensitive,
fixed but

evaporated in

of my

writing I

shall narrate

give undeniable

proofsof

the accuracy

time, but in the

incidents and

the

of

the shadow

the Duke

Bonaparte

moonlight.

gratefuland kindly,I might

This

sentence

ing
think-

hero

be said, there

may

18th

time, thatwliile

great service

the

see

the

this

great poet, which

worehip

bears

in the

of

not

letter,which

conceived

he

to

lake, in

was

Until

on

sentimental
of the

heart

Josephine."

her, in melancholy revery, he had

villageon

heart.

of the

siege of Mantua,

of the taste

all the marks

of

follows

the

dren.
chil-

I have

doing.

are

and

think

as

Tell

anxious

very

banks

the

volume

am

you

moon,

I did not

trinkets.

some

what

the

Michelet, in his

of

are

to the

me

they were
my own
so
mingled in my

difference.

no

silverylightof

said to

if

as

for

to write

them

on
village,
Virgil's

to

moment

"In

of you

beg

that I love them

them

"

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESIS

course

62

CITIZENESS

be

and

annoyed,
have

I should

Avould

this

liked
been

have

BONAPARTE.

distresses

thought

seal them

to

Fie ! that

again.

disgraceful.If

blame, I

to

am

much.

me

beg your pardon ; I give you my word that I was

I respect my
moved
by jealousy: no, certainly,
for

much

too

one

absolute

neither

dear

one

thousand

1 have

are.

you

kisses,as
had

that he called

me

nothing for

that you

me

From

July

"I

1 arrive

what
am

sure

you

Mantua,

you
go

and

assure

and

lock

you

they

give

Are

you

not

the

m6

to

of

and

I shall

then

get

of ice.

soul

phine,
Jose-

dear

my

ing,
even-

go

to

kiss, since

hope

recovered, and that you will

perfectly
and
not
to
to headquarters with
me,

again.

you

leave, this

them.

not

loving."
to
Josephine,

know,

letters

Tell

letter from

You

Verona;

are

wrote

in my

you

there !

up

very

find

possiblyto Milan,
me

had

you

threats,at

laugh at my
only could put

evening.

like to write

as

he tells

said

you

you.

wicked, ugly,cruel tyrant ;

pleasure your

for Peschiera

you

that

that I shall

this

can

pure

summoned:

happy, well, and

hope

When

You

I should

are

heart, as

my

Castiglione,Bonaparte

21

when

ah, if I

know

heart, you

monster

foolishness

and

from

myself to get

as

you,

me

has

letters

no

only love

the courier

Shame

him.

pretty little
my

on

give

Achille

fear.

Milan

warm

dear

letters ; then I should

Milan

to

come

would

you

nor

Farewell, my

I shall

meet?

we

remorse

despatches from

with

my

I wish

read your

permissionto

suffer from
come

that.

not

to

find

be able to
leave

life and

me

the

AT

JOSEPHINE

passion of

creature, without

Wurmser

not

22

July
is

for

joinhim, by

to

advancing. Bonaparte

could

to go

me

sending Murat

am

there, such
to rest

on

to

the

6th

[Thermidor], and

has

to

will

eternal.

Madame
the

which

women

of

are

sorry

you

last; your letter had

hear
by, my dear; let me

going

on

be

well, and

fail to return

medals

me

that

to

he

happy
my

this

from

heart

to

this

you

to

me

he

had

am

my

belongs
tion
men-

you

interest,

those

letters
shall

one

often.

Come
:

for life.
the

given

be

Good

me.

perfectly
easy

is yours

tlie
I

it

little

Adjutant-GeneralMiollis
wrote

Milan

conquest will

reached

not

and

why

As

opened,

well

that

one,

very

Brescia.
I

do

leave

you

know

I take

the

speedilyto

and

I don't

T., in whom

for you

7th, where

dear

besides

one

fectly
per-

Brescia.

awaiting you.

imagine, my

for any

room

are

to

to

the

be

by right of conquest,

you

in

can

you

be solid and

as

of lovers

my

would

you

on

make

lodging

I think

time

you

come

want.

devoted

heart

to

that

in

me

you

most

that

tell

as

late, reaching Brescia

sorry

and

it

Milan.

as

would

prepare

very

liere

far away

so

then, I beg of you

Castiglione,

presence

which

indispensable. You

well

persuaded her

he

days ;

six

or

something might happen

presence

but

requires my

army

take five

would

sand
thou-

goddess;

of this letter from

quite impossiblefor

That

dear

Josephine;

means

The

"

kind

"

was

Milan

to

go

and

by, lovely

rival,you

loving kisses
But

Good

heart?

my

53

WAR.

THE

all is
Don't

box
to

of

you.

64

CITIZEN

Mankind

is

be too

careful.
At

Brescia.

and

malicious

so

use

Bring what

three

avoid

will

you

of the
:

and

me,

need, and

slowly,and

I will

Good

to

soon

both

town

journey.

whatever

in the

may

cool

of the

It takes the soldiers

You

far

as

go

dear

by,

as

sleep,the

to

you

only

for fourteen

post

can

I advise

way.

come

that for your

use

you

cannot

one

carriagefor

go to Brescia.

the 7th.

on

I have

gettingtired.

6th, at Cassano
you,

gossipingthat

well, love

Travel

days to
hours

and

silverware

be necessary.

day,to

Be

Milan,

country

BONAPARTE.

ESS

can

Josephine!

to

meet

sand
thou-

loving kisses."
By

thus

between

calling his

wife

him, in time

to

battles,Bonaparte seemed

two

of war,

be

to

doing

for at that time he was

something very rash ; yet
he perhaps owed
his safetyto
always successful
this apparently unjustifiable
resolution.
Josephine
"

"

seemed

We

his

good angel.
so
long as
career,

his

enjoyed the most

and
politicsis a

he

may

brilliant
game,

with

was

almost

out
through-

her, he

sviccess.

like

that

say

always

gambler

all other

"

human

things would say that she brought him good luck.

Josephine did not fail to meet him at Brescia, as
he had appointed ; but scarcelyhad they got there
"

when,

July 28, they

word

received
and

had

of

hastened

which

compelled

turn.

General

picture

the

de

the

had

critical condition

his march
the

Wurmser

leave.

to

French

Segur says

disorder, the

army
in

of Mantua,

eight or

some

his

to

had

days,

ten

in

hasten

Memoirs

urgent peril into

"

its
To

which

AT

JOSEPHINE

let

us

Josephine herself,who

in

how,

telling us

she

began,

Bonaparte
saved
inspiration
Brescia

from

tliem.

at

They

movement

the

provedi-

night longer,

one

It

once.

not

were

take

to

she,

was

she

obstinatelythat

so

leave

to

when

stay

entertainment.

refused

who

told me,

the

when

her to

trying to tempt

was

Bonaparte,
used

quietly in Brescia, and

was

by proposing a grand
she

first threw

at

listen to

pleasure
tore

attack

double

Wurmser's

55

WAR,

THE

suaded
per-

This

happy

four

leagues

Austrians, in league with

the

tlie

entered in largeforce.
Bonaparte would
provedltore,
have
been
captured at the ball, and either put to
death
The

there

they
had

who
which

down

come

better

were

of

saved

her

Lake

Garda.

this

which
she

from

mounted

who

rejoinedhim
across

her

there,

the lake.

horse

at

he
her

to

the

other
a

the

fled to

received

lie

shores

of

hand, she

her

flotilla

carriage,

Peschiera, where

word,

Castiglione.At

soldiers wounded

that

hostile

Abandoning

and

given lier

fancied

from

bullets

new

had

on

most;

Josephine'seyes,

husband's, had

by sending

castle

at the

men

to

forces of the enemy

Adige.

danger, and

But

readied

two

other

by

less service

no

by twenty

than

it

controlled

Bonaparte,
She

the

the

new

greeted by

was

dawii

assailed

were

notice

came

At

Verona, escorted

close to

of

day Josephine was

next

husband.

her

war."

prisoner of

made

or

sent

for her.

every

step she

in the skirmishes

ceding
pre-

the great battles.

Bonaparte, seeing her

in

such

peril,decided

to

5G

CITIZENESS

make

her

division

already reached
Lonato.

She

to

to

return

Brescia; but

to

return

stopped by

BONAPARTE.

of

Ponte

the

where
Castiglione,

At

"

in the

anxiety and

frightenedand

was

heard

wept much."

his wife to Central

sent

which

Mantua,
IMoved

entered
Milan

have

and

Brescia

off,he

cut

were

showed

will

him, he said, "Wurmser

Bonaparte

her pass before

besieged by

she

sorrow

was.

she

moment,

When

Italy,making

still

was

the

by

had
with

that his communications

still

and

of Saint Helena^

of the

excitement

Austrians

the

that

steps

Bonaparte

that time," says the Memorial

"

her

retrace

had

towards

its way

on

was

which

enemy

Marco

obligedto

was

Josephine

French.

the

in

parting from

to

pay

dear

for

the tears he has caused

Since his
few

days
a

with

Josephine, and

certain

I shall console

have

every

joy

with

tears

The

climate

the

of

the

the

powder,

He

has

lifted above

the

moved

reached

earth

by

of the

fire the

to

of great men,

careers

are

the fierceness

when

by
a

one

for her
him

moved

him

himself,

glow

of
the

of war,

very
duced
pro-

ready to
deeply.
she shall

"

that face

Italy,the brightsun,

combined

hero.

they

of

the

bring

heat, the excitement

summer

youth, all

shall

made

to

To

glory.

passed but

his love

tears

her," he said
and

had

which

excitement

great things. His wife's

do
""

you."
marriage Bonaparte

wet

now

happiness."
clear
the

sky,
smell

conflict,the ardor of
vivid

imagination of

of those

they

periods in

feel tliemselves

supernaturalbreath, and

mysterious force, as

if

they

JOSEPHINE

AT

were

divinely inspired.

know

those

wonders.

beaten

fascinate her, to
to

would

have

patriotismand

its

it will be when

he had

to

in his

he had

at

said

must

have

been

woman's
was

about

"

carriagevery

fired
hit.

on

from

General

for

to

his

gave

firmlythan

the

to

work

the

de

near

her

of

of fortune

"

again,
Hence

victory

he believed
A

Josephine

talisman

secret

herself

husband's
about

with

it is

Josephine.

ever.

by her
days'campaign was
was

as

wished

for the sake

Forward

of

hunger

see

He

reassured

six

love

and

eagle

to

which

open.
parte
Bona-

miracles.

Nevertheless, Josephine
her

nation
determi-

triumphed."

price.

any

more

him,

to

The

glance.

and

I shall

"

mistrust

no

lucky star

voice

he

I shall have

conquer

day

the

His

audacity,and he
saw
Josephine in

his soul

said

for the sake of France

That

consolation.

and

when

was

He

to conceive.

phine
Jose-

beaten, he

impulse,a development, such

genius a fire,an
and

been

with

he

nature, already compact

victory took possessionof

hard

that

admiration,

love, ambition, pride, and

that

tears

cries of

and

become

dazzle, to

to

had

strength

irresistible. It

was

her

artists

before

wanted

pity

His

they

appear

If he

all

and

character

his love fired him

renewed

energy,

from

glory.

triumph.

to

not

He

wring

scorned

the

could

man.

her with

cover

when

With

possessed,Bonaparte
as

of action

privilegedmoments

of

capable

Men

57

WAR.

THE

to

was

flight,
passing in

in

besieged Mantua.

town, and

some

S"^gurnarrates

of her
what

She
escort

was
were

she herself told

58

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

him

that,

they

as

firing was

the

in

refuge

hot

so

that
A

chapel.

that

at

got

before
She

building.

the

crossed

evil

yet

which

rumors

and

Italy and

in

and

all

was

received

spite

in

with

these

announced
the

total

crossed
and
from

Wurmser's

the

the

it went

of

future, he

victory of the

that

put

uhlans,

days

the
the

moment

his

treated
her
It

and

when

received

her,

as

wife
like
sented
pre-

fied
justi-

was

later

4, in which,
to

French

messages

and
she

had

herself

between

river

August

day.

husband's

successes

Just

Josephine

announced
next

and

oils.

Wurmser."

Po, and

of

wonderful

husband's

armies,

current,

Senate

few

the

public opinion

were

giftsof precious
a

all

of

congratulate

to

says

her

dangers

the

by

Bonaparte, dated
the

state

that

Lucca

defeat
the

of

rejoicings,for
her

Lucca,

in

feeling inspired by

rumors

great princess :
her

the

was

the

pursued,"

"

"by

confidence

her

in

at

reached

our

the

false

the

scarcely

generally accompanied

such

general, that,

had

and

such

Already

aimed

destroyed

Ferrara,

Helena^

them

cannon

fact, she

take

to

urge

fear

supported by

star.

to

up

Po, and

the

of Saint

Memorial

ran

cannon-balls

going through Bologna

the

In

gunshot,

obliged

was

Austrian

some

place.

dangerous

away

she

soldier

leave, shoAving them

to

within

passing by

were

letter

ing
discount-

already

won,

60

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

passes,

of

that

"

Garda, and

Lake

Adige,

the

of

that

the

Although the enemy

Adige, the positionwas

the

many

audacious

try to

advantages to
genius. Raising
that in

knew

he

because

Bonaparte's

siege of
of

sure

his

swift

movements,

the

it

force.

Successful

5th

he
Castiglione,

at

Directorythat
a

doubled

battle

gave

dream

and

that

at

9, Bonaparte

with

wrote

the

on

had

army

Italywas

tranquil.

"

killed

letter

8th

on

the

to

vanished

like

Wurmser

had

and

twenty-

captured. August

or

thanking

for

the

city of

The ardor and

remainingfaithful to him:
character which the city has displayed,"
he said,

Milan

the

wrote

of

Lonato, August 3d, and

at

picked men

end

strength,and
equal or superior

justwithdrawn, leaving ninety cannon,

five thousand

the

thing,
every-

tactics,he, by

his

was

Austrian

the

to lose

forces

Then, pursuing his usual

Mantua,

to
great peril,

way

lake.

he

line of

of

man

the

wherever

the

this

that it presented

the

the

of

favorable

all his

concentrated

forced

moments

everythingis

save

he

so

of

eastward
shore

west

had

hxke.

the

to

have

"

the

won

population,which
becomes

every

day,without
world
"In

There

with
the

with, and

day

glory."
week

none
we

worthy

more

are

Bonaparte,who

enter

Marmont
I

of the

love

becoming

ever

doubt, it will

last

are

is

the

and

esteem

have
enemy

be

the

its

free:

some

stage of the

to

his

father:

slept

four

hours.

wrote

left for

going,I hope,to enjoyour

had returned

energetic,

more

to

on

not

of France

to Brescia

us

to

fight

triumphs."
August 10,

that

wrote

ABCOLE.

61

Josephine,who,

after the

CASriGLIONE

BETWEEN

evening

same

AND

to

had
victory at Castiglione,

without

Mihm

difficulty. I
write

able

have

"

first thought is to

my

been

to

to

All

you.

your

from

you.

ill. If the sincerest and

happy,

be

must

you

Good

work.

went

wife.
to

raise
to
at

new

Milan, and

despair of

dangers,and
love, which

which

he

not

very

well

in such

of

Mantua,

heard

the

*He

more.

for

the

the

left

to

When

war

Josephine,August

in

before I left ; I
had

words

the

reached

31:

of you,

promised

then

and

from

"I

his

cia,
Bres-

leave

at

letter from
You

anxiety.

beg

that

intensity. It

hopes of findinga
horrible

witli

preoccupations,

had

he

had

Josephine

amazement

continuallygrowing

You

his

Alvinzy. Bonaparte

was

in

me

about

was

distract him

me

love

Tyrol, Avanted

Austria

again

1 had

ears

my

fortnightwith

not

to

you

Bonaparte

battles could

anxiety.
thoughtful; yet your
me

often."

these

this leaves

you

to

All

for Verona.

once

me

and

of

up

enemies.

was

wrote

am

fled to

once

perpetualfever.

and

make

can

Josephine;

spent

that

started

his

of

had

begin the campaign

untiring zeal

was

he

who

army,

siege

offensive

the

resume

love

sweet

think

Milan, where

Wurmser,

my

the

renewing

to

tenderest

so.

by,

well, keep well, and

After

health

have

way

waitingimpatiently
; I can't express^
I left you
sad, depressed,and half

am

uneasiness.

my

in

the

been

to

just arrived,and

thinking of nothing but your

image. I shall not be easy till I

have

return

don't
to

agreed

be

with

were

leave
more

your

62

CITIZENESS

heart.

to whom

You,

BONAPARTE.

gentleness,and
can

days without
several

you

word

ness,
given sweetattractive
quality,how
Three
you so warmly ?

every

who

forgetone

you

loves

from

times.

has

nature

and

you,

This

I have

absence

written

is horrible

to

the

onous.
nights are long,tiresome, dull ; the days are monotTo-day, alone with my thoughts,my work,
and
their tedious
plans, I
writing,with men
my

have

not

heart.

Headquarters

hour.

I have

letter,which
live for
believe
loved

me

was

will

be

that

the

We

kisses !

we

have

overthrown

eightor
that
19th

makes

on

Lake

day

Como.

the courier

with

much

I want

away

from

with

hope

Trent

the

and

this

as

my

and

enter

from

you,

I hear

that

been

one

are

you

out

sailing

impatientlyexpecting every

tg hear from

you.

sweet

men.

many

even

from

my

tured
cap-

word

you;

3, 1796

have

have

am

gentle,

enemy's posts and

good luck,

you

thousand

be

is to

dreads

dear

horses with

have

that

this

campaign, my

[Fructidor]. No letters
me
reallyuneasy; still

well, and

he

Ala, September

the

ten

shall

we

Paris

an

"

of the

in the midst

are

from

in

nothingfor you but the enclosed

of me ;
give you pleasure. Think
often with your
loving one ; and

letter, from

Another

I follow

express

longer by Josephine.

no

on

gone

an

againstmy

to press

you

only misfortune

loving,exclusive
"

have

received

there

evening ;

from

note

one

even

life's

Josephine.

you

you

I do not

happiness

is

of

me

Think

know

how

reallylive,
to

be

I write

to

only

CASTIGLIONE

BETWEEN

often

often,very

me

which

is

it is the

to the

below.

of Roveredo

have

we

have

fought
thousand

the

to

the

four

and

In

winds.

these

cessful
suc-

In six

days

'^

the enemy

; we

made

als
gener-

scattered

or

days, continually
have

we

made

forty-

witli

cannon

their

largestores."
his wife

horse

such

My dear, the

"

taken

five thousand
himself

Emperor

into

and

constant

the

with

Tyrol

are

will have

from

wrote

the

column

has

men,

Mantua.

for

secured
to raise

rest

the

second

eighteen
killed

are

or

of five hundred
no

Never

important success.

Montebello
had

has

enemy

prisoner:

Wurmser,

and

throw

men

wounded.

and

the

horses, a great part of the ammunition,

and

thousand

to

four skirmishes

six

suit
pur-

later, the

killed,wounded,

September 10, Bonaparte

to

Brenta

Directory:

fightingin inexpugnable gorges,

five leagues, captured seventy
caissons

the

including several
prisoners,
been

fire

September 8th,

hours

battles and

two

the rest have

of the

twenty-one flagsfrom

taken

sixteen

Two

to

plunging

into Trent

gorges

Bassano.

general wrote

the rocks

over
a

in

September 4, the victory

defile of Primolano

of the

hunters

swiftness of their heroic

The

the

in

victory of

the

absence,

in

Alpine

sent

5th, entrance

the

of Wurmser
seizure

thence

remarkable.

most

was

rivalled the

tops, and

mountain

deeds

only balm

: they clambered
activity

and

the enemy

upon

63

ARCOLE.

cruel, but I hope will be short."

Bonaparte's soldiers
boldness

AND

but

resource

have

we

had

Italy,Trieste,
Republic.
army

The

artillery,

64

CITIZENESS

BONAPARTE.

pontoons, baggage, everything has

In

few

days

reward

of

ardent

and

While

has

this time

to

winning these
Josephine's state

was

Marquis

been

came

loni who

was

which

her Paris

thus

ran

M.

"

the

she

at

M.

wrote

This

at

had

letter,
of the

papers

privateperson

in France.

this country.

state

spirits
;

health

the best husband

chance

adores

me

cannot

be
how

tainments,
enter-

me

Tuscany, the
rather be a simple

I had

honors

It is true

of
that

something to do with my
ailing. If happiness could

has

well, I ought to be in the very

me

Italy,feted

I don't like the

often

am

in

of

Duke

bored.
frightfully

am

of my

will tell you, my

princesgiving

Well

of Serbel-

the bearer of this letter,

received

been

Grand

the

Duke

The

Serbelloni

Italian

the

Emperor's brother.

you

mind

bored.

of Beauharnais.

friends.

I have

even

no

of

de Renaudin, who

going to Paris,was

everywhere,all

I have

letter which

preserved among

dear aunt, how

make

astounding

Pageriefamily,betraysthe melancholy
over
Josephinein her separationfrom her

and

low

thousand

truth, Josephine was

published a

the

children

the

sweetest

de la

Tascher
which

cares.

my

her aunt, Madame

justmarried
has

is the

was

tell the

To

Aubenas

which

that

captured.

loving kisses."
Bonaparte

meet

fatigue and

my

victories, what
Milan

shall

we

been

that

be

can

best health

imagined.

I have

anything. My wishes are his. He

a goddess; there
day long,as if I were

to want

all
a

better husband.

much

am

loved.

M.

He

Serbelloni

will tell

often writes

to

my

CASTIGLIONE

BETWEEN

children

M.

by

tense,

lie loves

mentioned
At

Hortense
"

has

you

dear

girl;

will

bring
love

my

after

to

my

dear

by,

my

The

you

his arrival.
of

partakes
both

He

for

how

of

these

and

Campan

tense,
dear Hor-

much

engravings and drawings

and

me

brother's

write
will

children

to

I kiss

he

Italy.

Kiss

for

girl.

her

console

her

often

Tliink

continued

his

compelled

victorious

Wurmser

amid

"

I write

to

all his successes,

her, September 17, from

:
melancholy epistle

absence

affectioimtely."

Josephine'sletters

to

often
letters

your

for my

me

you

Good

me.

he

this

Give

to send

But

refugein Mantua.
was
unhappy because
wrote

little

some

from

Jerome
dear

Hortense, my

September 15,

He

I love

Serbelloni

take

rare.

how

feelings,
my

going

am

Paris, and

dearly. M.

Bonaparte

follow^s

as

will tell you

and

very

untiring Bonaparte

course.

leaving

daughter

Emilie, Eugene, and Jerome.

Madame

dear

her

to

Saint Germain, my

to

from

mamma

my

is

speak

also

you

dear

your

from

Josephine wrote

Eugene, Emilie,

your

and

and

for you,

fine

some

go

I love

souvenirs

of

to

Eugene

you

first opportunity."

of Serbelloni

I think

dear

for tlie purpose

Milan, September 6, 1796,

day

line

I shall

I love you.

from

the
much

much

time

promised

repeater,

aunt, my

same

Duke

The

dear

little money

at the

the

watch,

Hor-

to

pearls;to Eugene,

forgethow

you

sends

He

by, my

not

send

to

try

65

ARCOLE.

handsome

in small

set

do

much.

Good

gold watch.
mamma

them

Serbelloni

and

enamelled

AND

to

you

were

too

Verona,

very

often.

CITIZENESS

and

write

you

! Must

way

he

overwhelmed
he

can

the

as

lose all

help

wicked, ugly

It is

bit of

dotinglover, in this
liis rightsbecause he is away,
a

and
work, fatigue,

it ?

lost

are

frivolous.

husband,

with

You

are

you

deceive

perfidyto

seldom.

very

ugly

as

woman,

BONAPARTE.

had

Yesterday we

heavilyand

trouble
a

How

hot

very

fight;

thoroughly beaten.
We
Good
captured the suburb of Mantua.
by, dear
Josephine. One of these nights your door will be
burst open, as if a jealoushusband
were
breakingin,
enemy

I shall

and

be

in your

was

arms.

thousand

loving

kisses."
A

from

letter

filled with

sadness.

field all

the

fever

and

of

At

to

absence,

dream

fever.
one

been

which
;

one

my

yesterdayI was
stayed in bed.

I received

but

and

heart

hundred

vexed, but

kindness
a

dear

my

that moment,

and

saw

miles
with

you

Your

think

married

are

they had

me,

Josephine.

It is very

been

written

What

Stop lovingme

more

That

can

you

capricious

that
alone.

are

after
full

life's winter.
very

you
have

do

bad, very
to

of

grace

fifty
years

They

wicked,

the

It

was

it relieved

as

feelingsof

and

from

me

her letters.

not

"

cold

fifteen years.

friendliness

of you.

as

apart, vanished.

gentle,loving,with
belongs to Josephine

letters

in

lips; and

my

judge for yourselfwhether

would

is likewise

Yesterday I
prevented
raging headache

pressed them

pang

before

Day

day.

writing to

"

17,

October

Modena,

of age

had

we

of

the

Shame

ous
traitor-

distress

alreadydone.

my

me

Hate

68

CITIZENESS

incalculable.

It

was

If I had

power.

have

and Venice.

is not

the

And

this

would

honest

and

intentions, I

silence

government
shall have

of

rest

men

to

entrust

it will

believe

in

I have

Alvinzy

miracle

could

cere,
sin-

have

been

his word?
written

France

to

whatever

to

single

political

save

enable

me

position the
the

time

only be by leaving the Army

for

able

of the

my

art

the
Not

Republic.
of

government.

esteem

you."
advancing with

the

devote

to

adopted for my
country ! I beg of

of
feelings

avowed
was

retirement

When

me.

public career,
the

of

health, and

and

ship
friend-

to

apparently overwhelming force,

of

is

have

to

demand

at

months

old is the whole

a

ask

suspect my

that I shall be

season,

grow

which

When

my

advantage

may

health

my

already

is in

can

four

or

:
principle
Everything

you

with

resign the pleasure of serving

restore

envy,

I entered

When

there

life to the defence

of my

to let

"If

Three

come,

Italyin

once

better

fill to

to

and

him

had

true, who

at

country.

will

should

as

Bonaparte

taken

be, he

may

Carnot, August

my

that

generalin Italy

your

I want,

pained if the Directoryhad

man,

Rome,

fancy I shall have to

this
my place." Was

feint ?

However

that,I

that I

put in
a

all

on

with

of

all the honors

shattered

or

break

will run
everything,
great
you
tion
language must not be ascribed to ambi-

This

one

consulted

Whenever

centre

; I have

some

to

negotiationswith

Genoa

so

unwise

very

been

continued

risks.

BONAPARTE,

French

and

an

army

nothing

of

short

troops,the young

CA8TIGLI0NE

BETWEEN

commander-in-chief,
doubted

Directory
lot

was

lose

heart

his

man

his

he

had

of

dauntless

genius

to

grew

his

first

time

regretted
resignation.

the

try

haps,
per-

that

the

But

the
parte
Bona-

impossible.

audacity.
with

69

ARCOLE.

the

for

possibly

star,

accepted

not

thrown

was

who,
of

had

AND

the

He

danger.

did

not

VII.

ARCOLE.

AFTER

and

enthusiasm,
Italian

Often

yet

if

appeared
of

by

afflicted

seemed

results

the

But

If

tacticians

would

visions,
knew

he

And

him

turn

nothing
70

that

of

defeat
the

art

to

that

war.

filled him
before

hero

the

all

plans

In

less
cease-

This
his

pended
de-

success

old-fashioned
and

ridicule

of

history

did

what

his

in

place
a

by

torn

was

or

the

brilliancy

prove

order

by

all wild

were

inevitable

was

of

the

his

which

continually

forgotten

on

beaten,

were

reasoning

and

be

foolhardy

success.

depend?

mathematical

would

caped
es-

dwindling

and

soul

umph,
tri-

anxiety.

armies,

which

before

Bonaparte's

called

his

on

is

obtained,

What

be

he

that

and

zeal

perpetual

illness

the

Bonaparte

hostile

"

glory of the

Would

the

all

despondency,

anxiety.

often

the

of

and

commander-in-chief

young

victory.

The

another

of

the

joy,

name

uncertainty

lost;

miracle.

brigades

the

of

mere

visions

up

full

was

after

one

heroic

the

with

it

everything
as

calls

than

feeling

The

if

as

appears

other

no

confidence.

campaign

and

it

war

known

had

victor

first

successful

because
to

he

justify

71

ABCOLE.

his

self-confidence,he had
the numberless

on

At

issue of battles.

campaign
and

he

he

was

was

that

we

of this memorable

moment

edge

It is when

over.

greatest men,

the

of

precipice.A touch,

lives of the

study the

we

the

Csesars,the Alexanders,

are

most

of human

impressed with

affairs and

pended
de-

decide the

accidents which

every

on

future

His

beat.

to

the very

the

the

leons,
Napo-

cance
insignifi-

great importance

of the most

trivial
details of the most
insignificant
incidents in the fate of republicsand empires. There
is an unknown
all human
force which
mocks
plans.
faithful

The

chance.
Almost

they

But
all

Avhatever

their

it exists

it

everywhere.

fatalists,
because, when

triumphs,they

own

part, and

own

sceptics call

its name,

great geniuses are

examine
their

was

it Providence

call

that often

how

see

they

small
failed

have

when, accordingto every reasonable

view, they should

have

when

succeeded, and have

hopeless.
account.

no

and

of these

But
It

its favorites

cares
are

succeeded

success

was

things public opinion takes

for but
those

thing,

one

who

"

risked

have

success

everything

for

and won.
everything,
When
Alvinzy'sarmy was
advancing towards
thousand
Piave, Bonaparte had but thirty-six
men
oppose

three

to

campaigns and by the

the rice-fields of

5, he

and
Everythingsuffers,

The

least

fevers which

delaymay

we

one

to

wrote
are

be fatal to

to

exhausted

they were

Lombardy. Any

despaired. November
"

and

sixtythousand,

the

by

they caught in
else would
the

have

Directory:

in face of the enemy

us.

We

are

on

the

72

CITIZENESS

BONAPABTE,

of great events.

eve

for

All

us.

their

reached

These
the

After
several
to

few

on

His

retreat.

thousand
on

and

He

he
9

had
had

Though I am tired,I
passionatelydevoted
thousand

taken

am

to

kisses."

it

by

forced

the

mand
com-

driven

was

himself, with

teen
seven-

positionbefore Verona,

driven

back into Verona,

brief

letter to

Verona

day

vember
Josephine,No-

before

well, very

very

November

11,

failed.

yesterday.

busy,always

horse

My

you.

Alvinzy again,but again he

been

wing, under

He

been

I reached

"

had

occupied Trent

this

wrote

outposts, followed

left

Rivoli.

men,

the Brenta.

whence

have

received."

Bonaparte

reverses,

Corona

have

we

of the

of Vaubois, had
back

Empire

and we
surprisingcelerity,
Fine promises and a few insignificant

successes

serious

double

troops of the

all that

are

corps

terrible misfortune

posts with

left to ourselves.

are

delaysare

is
he

The

waiting.
attacked
ions
divis-

two

tried,November
12,
Augereau and Mass^na
The unfavorable
capture the heightsof Caldiero.
of

to

of
superiority

weather, the numerical

strengthof

of these

success

Verona.

valiant

had

not

not

more

Army
more

than

all
positions,
two

contributed

the

to

divisions,in spiteof

the
ill-

all their

repulsed,and they withdrew

Then, perhaps for the first time, the
of Italy felt discouraged. Vaubois

They

heroism.
into

their

the enemy,

were

than

six

thirteen

thousand

thousand

Augereau's divisions together.

We
The soldiers sadlysaid :
"

men.

There

were

in Massena's

can't

alone

do

and

the

73

ARCOLE.

of all.

work

the

which

before

one

now

why

don't send

we

us

re-enforcements

any

hand,

The

victory,and

able to

seemed
the

on

me

do
to

you

do

keep

you

new

day? What
from writing to

is this wonderful

love, which

all your

love

horrid,

are

You

never

the least

your

one

you

dear

ters
let-

lines !

six

is there

creature, this

time, rules

Caldiero,

I don't

him

send

to

at

pleasure your

all

throws

this critical

affectionate

an
"

of

parte's
Bona-

husband

your

what

forces

at

You

you.

won't

you

affection kills and

takes all your

to write

love

know

you

the tender and constant

Who

Yet

Josephine:

to

don't

and

give him,
enough

of Verona.

perfect Cinderella.

you

bit in the world

What

time

all; in fact, I hate

clumsy, stupid, a

What

new

ladders with

after his defeat

day

reproachfulletter

to

the

felt confident

They

desperate.

found

13, he

November

write

the other

the reduced

count

to scale the walls

they meant

at

They
beaten,

with

alreadypreparing the

were

moment,

you

will

use

idle

are

are

we

confronted

be

at their leisure.

situation

and

if

of

in the end."

were

enemy

of the French

which

shall

be ruined

must

they

their work

do

to

and

Rhine

Alvinzy's,just as Alvinzy has succeeded

and in this unceasing and unequal struggle

like

Wurmser,
we

have

is the

us,

Alps, disgraced. If,on

We

victory be?
army

the

victorious, of what

are

we

faces

retreated, and

should

shall flee to the

we

of

armies

Sambre-et-Meuse

the

which

Alvinzy's army,

serious
lover ?

side the

love,

promised him?
new

lover, who

days,and prevents

74

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

writingto

your

line

some

there I

night

all sorts of
and

hot

de

Bonaparte

hope

cover

to

with

you

and

dear, at

not

at once,

and

heart

with

my

will fill my

soon

open,

burst

four pages

me

Rdmusat,

hold

in my

you

kisses

million

as

all

Avas

herself,struck

by

She

always disposed to

the

and
tain
ready to mainfeeling,
in spite of
intelligence,
was,
fills this correspondence.
passion which

Memoirs

in her

says

campaign.

These
.

I have

"

letters

seen

in the

wife written

to his

Napoleon's letters

first Italian

deny

of

trace

any
he

that

of

uneasy,

care

equator."

Madame

some

shall be

loving thingswhich
I shall

the

as

Write

you.

emotion.

and

arms,

door

your

Josephine,take

I am
Seriously,

am.

hearing from
love

husband

your

are

very

writing,
singular; they are in an almost undecipherablehandthey are badly spelt,the styleis strange and
Yet they have such a passionate
confused.
tone, they
full of real feeling,
so
are
they contain expressions
that there
and at the same
time so poetical,
so
warm,

lived

never

receive

to

just such

with

contrast

who

woman

the

thing for

men

'Here

of

to

woman

of

causes
one

I am,

an

of
far

and

see

have

not

They

form

measured

herself

been
a

striking

smoothness

at

"

by politics
"

fallen into the darkest

from
shadows

you!
;

when

time

of the

one

army's triumphal march!

his great battles, Bonaparte
away

glad

Moreover, what

de Beauharnais.

controlled

were

eve

letters.

delicate

of the letters of M.

would

I need

seem

ing
inspirOn

the

wrote:

to

have

the fatal fire

76

CITIZENESS

soldiers

isinghis

lie
early victory,

an

Directory,November

the

"Citizens

letter:
of the

operationswhich
its

army;

that

have

will not

makes

men

we

about

are

aid

expected

my

duty,

My

soul is

and

has

the

To-day, 24th Brumaire,

the

of

hope
shall

still,if
which

no

heroes

troops arrive.

sano

have

of

to

their

is

who

Then
This

left

notliingleft

and

with

of

hour

the

siege

further
of

Army

or

Italy,
Basin

are

their

but

tlie

reputation

become

disturbs

me.

would

wounded.
.

such

inevitable, amid
such

brave

of

Tlie
.

inferior

all

forces!

Augereau, of

Berthier, is

of

will

death, which

aie

death

see

Mass^na,

what
idea

morrow
To-

handful, is exhausted.

mere

Chabran,

combats

Possiblythe
fearless

the

pride. Joubert, Lannes, Lannusse, Murat,

are

unendinor

enemy.

Adda, and

If this blow

either died for their country

Dupuis, Rambau,
few

the
.

the

week.

army.

resting.

raisingof

The
.

the

is easy.

are

on

doing

am

of

of

and
Lodi, Millesimo, Castiglione,

hospital. There
and

in

be behind

soon

is reduced

The

tlie

None

...

true

of

It may

us.

the

exhaustion

Italy!

all

troops

ours,

was

the fault to

conscience

preventing

which

Mantua,

falls,we

of

If it is

the worst.

depend

movements

our

account

an

place.

the

thing is

same

my

no

ascribe

reached

despairing

you

taken

lose

to

tortured, but

liave

owe

dread

me

writing to

was

almost

an

and
present inferiority

its bravest

the

14,

I
Directoi-s,

satisfactory,
you

not

be

BONAPARTE,

close

these

the

hand!

at

brave

men?

dare

to

face

bring discouragement

and

mis-

no

longer

77

ARCOLE.

all

to

ery

what

begins in
:

effort !
and

few

that

keep

it ends

shall

we

Re-enforced

there

is

letter

with

fulness
hope-

will
the

by

our

final

be

taken,

ing
besieg-

army

I would

nothing

The

make

favors us, Mantua

Italy!

town,

watch."

despair;

days

If fortune
it

is almost

In

"

with

whom

over

take
under-

not

"

Everything seemed to point to Bonaparte'sfailure ;

but a secret
voice whispered to him,
You
will be
"

"

saved

but

stimulus, whom

abyss
and
the

There

are

Before

general thought

young

image.

Like

memory

of

the
their

exploits,he
noble

and

and

poetic soul.
amid

love

was

smile

love, and

This

the

in

and

power
if his

career

if all these
the

found

of love !
endless
were

fio"ht,

the

accomplishing

their

that

strength

time

After

to

this

spectacle
"

hopes were

checked

to

be but

man

should

braggart,unworthy

of

gering
hun-

of tlie most

minent
im-

by expecting a kiss,
to

the most

be

terrible

and
jealous,

promising liis wife

be

from

filled his heroic

moment

glory,what

pretended great

young

reassures

evoked

impetuous genius,in

crisis of his career,

suffer pangs

The

engrossingoccupations,yet

most

are

Josephine's

who

curious

perilconsoling himself
a

only

saw

irresistible

an

It

he

old

before

chivalrous

the

for

ladies

bold.

beo-inninGfthe

that

knights of

derived

the

man

giddiness,but

no

them.

encourao^es

makes

danger only

them

causes

difficulties

whom

to

men

to

vast

would

he

not

suffer

now

at

the

start

disappointment;
appear

the

as

mere

confidence

of

if

^a

78

CITIZENESS

Barras

What

BONAPARTE.

would

then
and

Josephine,France,

"

disaster,he felt capable

like his love, reached

Being anxious not

complete triumph, he

the

Cid,

"Issue

from

victor

17,

called to

the sick

the

to

gate
of

and

the

silence

day

and

of

was

to
to

fugitives? The

started,

from

took

positionon

not

intended

where

they

positionthey
left bank

usually the
the

battle,
"

think

them

the
and

the

on

gate

solemn

idea
the

the

that

they

They feared that they

begin retreat.
abandon
Italy,that promised land,
with so much
won
glory,and to lose

the fruit of such

Were

their

issued

observed, while
an

pital
hos-

with

columns

starting;

announced

reverses

filled the

presence

The

of affairs made

they had

courage.

the ranks

their

right,and

which

state

about

the

on

order of the

about

time

Verona

leaving the

Adige. It was
They had no

the

The

going.
taken

is tlie

at

camp

on

Milan, and

of

moment.

had

which

after
from

Chimene

of the last

news

lively emotion.

bank

anxious

were

sity.
inten-

the line

which

taking their places in

called the

were

of

insisted

passed through Verona,

whole

genius,

Josephine till

see

remembered

the

wounded

with

were

prodigies.His
pitch of wonderful

combat

At

yet unhealed

right

such

of

the
nightfall,

at

arms.

and

and

army

avoid

To

"

November

wounds

Italy?

mistresses,

"

prize!

was

his three

say

hot

strugglesand

the heroes
mere

of

so

thought

many

such

dauntless

battles

filled them

with

to

be
dis-

79

AECOLE.

tress

they yearned to

they had

as

cartridgeand

of

instead

following the

suddenly turned
before

Ronco

there

bank

continue

the

struggle as long

road

Peschiera, the army

to

left,along tlie Adige, reaching

to the

it found

where

daybreak,

soldiers,

"

thousand

men

we

"

we

retreating. With

not

are

do

can

nothing in
Our

thousand.
country against forty-five
to the causeways

leadingus
numbers

will

depend

not

"

Then,

Saint

Helena, "the

every

man

glowing

bold
of

eyes

giants,he

could

about

causeways

by

from

run

marshes.

he

men

begin a

of

could

hope

three

days'
an

Adige,

third

descends

from
the
Three

second,

which

columns

and

all these

first,
ascending the

The

the

Albaredo.

this battle

Ronco,

and

Alpon;

the

saw

stupendous strugglesthat

; the

half

support of

in

before

of

heart:

every

Bonaparte

to

Adige, leads to Verona

passing before Arcole,
a

Memorial

the

undertake.

ever

surrounded

When

sucli

with
was

in

himself

soldiers

his

There

outdo

plan."

of the most

battle,one

Three

to

general is

of the columns.

victoryfired

of

hope

felt that

everything.

army

heads

it is said

open

everything will

where

of the

as

promised

fine and

but

the

marshes, where

in the vast

count,

the courage

on

Forward

the

Andreassy

"

twelve

are

when

covered
the construction
of a bridge,and disfinishing
itself by a simple turn to the left,on the other
of the Adige, there was
claimed
generaljoy. No ! exthe

so

So

bayonet left.

has

over

the

advanced

to

Villa

bridge
the

Nuova,
a

league

little

Adige,

river,

towards

simultaneously

80

CITIZENESS

the

over

three

BONAPARTE.

The

causeways.

column

centre

marching on Arcolcy and the skirmishers

bridge without being perceived by the
had

been

careless to

too

Adige, under

the

that river and

The

Alpon

at

impression that

the

Alpon

from

causeway

was

of

reached

who
to the

outposts

between

impassable marsh.
Arcole

to

strikes

miles, and

two

the

enemy,

the space

an

Ronco

distance

his

extend

was

from

the
there

right bank of the river for a mile and

turns
at right angles to the right,entering Arcole.
Bonaparte reached this bridge which was to become
runs

so

the

up

famous.

He

stoppedthe

to

soldiers.

hesitated.
the

it,but

cross

Before

of cannon-balls

avalanche

near

tried

terrible

this rain of

and

bullets,this
the boldest

shells,even

and

Bonaparte galloped forward,

off his horse.

bridge,got

fire

when

Augereau's men

sought refuge in the marsh, and were

crouching
the storm
to escape
along the edge of the causeway
of bullets that had
Their
repelled them.
general

had

shouted

them,

to

conquered
and

them

about

two

to

"

in

hundred

cross

and

without

abandon

coat, and

you

we

his
the

a
"

of

They

courage.

deadly fire,and

got

the

lost; you

they fell back.

The

general,seized
dragged him with them
their

own

General, you

are

called to

bridge,and were
major seized Bonaparte by

steps

it,when

waist, shouting,

Then

with

who

men

seizinga flag,he

spite of

the

to

and

longer the

no

you

inspiredthem
him

followed
within

Lodi

at

Are

"

will
shall

be
go

killed,
no

ther!"
fur-

soldiers,unwilling

his arm,
in their

his

hair, his

amid
flight,

81

ABCOLE.

and

dying, through

without

seeing what

the dead

right,into

the

to

over

Austrians

The

him.

to

men,

and

Bonaparte,
and

fallen

charged

the

enemy,

from

hastened

Governolo, and
between

body, and

on

not

The

The

three

the

on

In the afternoon

the losses of the

twenty

only one-third

army

and

at

himself

placed

with

places,insisting

the

the

stronger
his

decided
and

men,

his

and

Austrians
had

on

that

that

thus

leave
the

been

it

forces.

own

to

troops

bridgethat

Adige

17th, Bonaparte

and

than

16,

trians
16th, the Aus-

of the

of the

thousand

the

his

day, November

next

enemy,

ordered

attack

crossed

Avounded

death."

heroic

dykes

marshes,

Lannes

covering him

the

Consequently,he

Helena^

covering his general with

touching and

lost

Saint

been
He

defeated

have

mud

his horse

General

On

counted

thick

on

of

17th.

of Arcole.

was

him

out,

nightfallfinally

had

in

Louis

Bonifacio.

day after,the

were

it

he

the

ward,
For-

camp,
aide-deMuiron, the general's

battle continued

the

San

the enemy,

wounded

was

killed while
a

"

must

and

leaving him.
was

''

rushed

men

at

still weak.

was

Napoleon

his

and

Milan

heard,

from

who

him

sight of

Marmont,

day," says the Memorial

of soldierlydevotion.

one

body,

"

tlieyput

Arcole, retiringon

That

"was

lost

was

brave

other

had

abandoned

had

few

he

into which

"

general!

threw

fusion,
con-

Fortunatelythey

cry

the commander-in-cliief

tore

and

there.
A

the

marsh, and

the
were

save

In the

they did, they

recognizehim.

failed to

tlie smoke.

the

plaiti.

built at

82

CITIZEN

the

mouth

of

of

one

the

Arcole,

The

18,

from

the

re-entered

the

Adige,

"

It

would

not

the

they

friends."

others,
a

miracle

in

Veronese

added

The

their

had

could

stupefaction

happened.

the

of

common

some,

French.

said,
the
remain

to

the

moment

tlie

of
not

gate

see

himself

congratulations

in

of

of

the

that

defeat

14th,

bank

to

enthusiasm

hostile

most

Venice,

Napoleon

and

surprise

blended

were

easy,"

left

the

From

enter.

point,

the

on

expected

serious

any
be

of

gate

Porto

marched

secretly

by

wing

Vicenza.

Verona

triumph,

the

seventy-two

of

had

of

army

left

every

of

direction
who

the

the

the

Even

the

in

two

of

at

contest

liot,
El-

young

direction

defeated

gate

town

expected

conceive

and

Milan

Austrian

one

no

the

in

in

through

victorious

their

Bonaparte,

which

thi'ough

engaged,

bloody

retreated

they

At

was

enemy

killed

was

aides-de-camp.
were

by

November

the

There

right

exhausted

hours,

out

French

their

Lignano.
and,

Alpon.

Bonaparte's

afternoon,
at

tlie

BONAPARTE.

ESS

those

the

"

tants.
inhabi-

cold
of

our

delight

transport,

to

as

of

if

84

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

destroyhim.
November

Such

have

might

14, 1796.

been

his

thoughts,
day everything seemed

That

lost,

confidence,glory,the Consulate,
prestige,
Empire. The next day all had changed. It was

the

"

this moment

that

the creature

glance the

w^ho

that

as

of events

born

of his

and

had

are

thoughts.
usuallyhaunted

the cup

gloomy,

was

up

at the

ruled
the

was

by

man

Henceforth,

Where

could

the

he set

of
fatality
moment

same

dominion

universal

ambition

The

uncertaintyof

and

In

appeared

is

j^et he

his talk

sort

sad.

was

betrayed

his melancholy

of great ambition

fact, men

by

things is such
of glory seems

quaff it.

he

of fate.

triumphed,and

face

human

that

feelingof

grew

ruin, and

His

their

self
him-

in the reeds of Arcole."

Bonaparte

once

halt?

The

and

changed

the master

"

plans?

was

before him

thus

his ambition

limit to his

his power

who

man

course

could

where

thought

destiny; he must have felt,after

Adige at Ronco, that nothing was

needed,

was

have

must

of

recrossingthe
impossiblefor a
a

Napoleon

at

of

when

melancholy

gratified.The emptiness of
that the draught which
fills
tasteless

to

even

those

feelingof the shortness of life,of

with
hope, fillshuman
conquerors

who
the
this

gloomy spirit. The

shadow

their

Besides, great efforts, gigantic

great feats.

followed

are
struggles,

by

of death

hours

of

floats

moral

and

over

all

cal
physi-

exhaustion.
However
its sad

brilliant

side,and

the

the

victory,militaryglory has

sightof

the battle-field depresses

AFTER

the

most

the

which

dying,

The

eager.

battle-field in

dead

were

still

unbroken

for

of

at

The

of mind, the
I

it was,

the

stoicism

afterwards

few

Emperor

went

battle-field made

and

except his dog.

such

and

aid
"

then

his

are

given the
;

at this

Was

it my

itself? whatever

anything

many
touched

of

by

and

this

I had

to

were

here

is that at that moment

I would

death

What
.

have

us

How

all

l)y
terious
mys-

emotion

the fate of the

moved

dog's howling.

by

execution

cause
was

perhaps,in
gives

man

decide

to

were

me.

without

dry-eyedthe

watched

us;

is

on

spectacle.'This

nature

What

'

which

movements

lesson

state

abandoned

lies

impressions!

orders which

I had

sprang

impressionon

he
a

us

geance."
seeking ven-

has

never
an

here

of this animal

means

der
un-

towards

ran

and

the act

gaze

What

the

from

out

man,' I thought, 'has friends,in the camp,

company,

of the

and

moonlight

which

on

that

truly say

the bodies

times

place,the hour,

can

passing

was

utteringdoleful cries; he

asking

was

he

sprang

dog

to
stopped involuntarily

army

quered
con-

night,arouse

once

there

once,

face

He

again.

us

In

"

corpse,

licked his master's

his

arid

the

as

all his

which

Italy,on

lying.

returned

then

the

well

the

that

quiet,suddenly

the cloak

at

wounded

had
battle-field,

the

Helena

said at Saint

over

and

the

of tenderness.

moments

He

of

Napoleon,

on
impassibility

and

of
as

silence

echo.

melancholy

cries

conquerors

the

in

hear

85

ARCOLE.

to

of
a

and

the

great

deeply

is certain

been

very

gentle

86

CITIZENESS

to

restored

and

very

after

did

November

He

hotly contested

he

head

heard

of

joined

the
me

wound

The

often marched
died

desire

such

would

not

world
us

and

of

not

"

three

great pain,

his

the

bed,

Clarke

of

know

to

and
new

Your

"

He

war.

has

He

columns.

our

He

enemy.

happy

to leave

times

did

uncertain

our

not

life,

in that way

Who

is there

regrettedthat

stingsof calumny,

passionswhich

not

would

man

in

the

At

unconscious.

Who,

hundred

odious

conduct

to

contemptible?

thus escape

all the

rule men's

was

that."

reasonable

himself

is often

has
not

death?

deem

which

who

could

and

the battle-field of Arcole.

of the

What

moment.

in

action

Arcole, wlien

wrote

learned

front

day.

from

ground

on

the head

at

gloriouslyin

suffer

of

the

killed
had

man

young

wound,

victoryrequiredall

nephew, Elliot,was
This

to

day Bonaparte

same

the

sprang

bridge

him

entered

are

taking a position at

was

He

the

the

you

column.
on

courage

down

more

scarcely

and

his

lying

was

that

felled

assure

he

I have

after the first

twice

afternoon

when

Lannes

Verona,

battle-field

devotion

General

besides

the

was

suffering from

still

from

Carnot

to

Their

clearlythan

more

that of Arcole.

generals left.

wounded

itself

"Never

than

unprecedented.

in

wrote

19,1796:

clearlyhow

body when Priam wept."

to
Bonaparte's disposition

melancholy show

Arcole.

while

I understood

Hector's

Never, perhaps,

any

and

suppliant foe,

Achilles

re

BONAPARTE.

seem

of

he

of envy,
alone

to

AFTER

Physicalsufferingadded
stamped

was

tormented

skin

disease

the

siege of Toulon,

the

hands

of

the itch,and

and

when

loaded

himself

infected his whole

sixteen

activityand give him

until 1814,
surgeon
attacks
into the
hands

first barrel

spite of

Arcole

was

he

moments

wonderful

to diminish

de

he

Paris

by

wife

24, 1796, he

lay

his

"

Soon,

I love you

arms.

this courier.

All

dear

my

madly.

happy."
word,

to

his

Then

he

left

wrote

to

longed-formeeting

him

with

her, seeing himself

which

he

had

this doubt

Your

she
surpriseand disappointment,

he

certain

from

rona
Ve-

hope

one,

Verona, without

hours
spend forty-eight

At

writing

am

Wurmser

is well.

yesterday under Mantua.

only Josephine'slove to make

needs

of

conqueror

wrote

defeated

Then

in

bath-tub,

no

could

^triumphs,the

November

beloved

to be in your

To

his

was

Napoleon's

to

being

that

his

Segur,that

end

an

of

of another

in mind
and
body.
suffering
doubted
Josephine'slove, and

anguish.
to his

to

the time

Yvan, who

there

of water

twelve

or

on.

In

was

only put

from

organization

about

General

by plunging him,

ten

was

real alarm.

at

afflicted with

nervous

later

still

was

rammer

was

At

which

caught

first attacks

the

told

cannon

his

years

1797 he could

and

the

system.

Arcole, he suffered from

1796

seized

he

He
had

he

who
artillery-man

an

ailment, which

melancholy

which

poison disturbed

The

times.

the

to

Bonaparte'spale face.

on

by

87

ARCOLE.

was

husband

perfectly

sending
her

at

was

not

Milan.
there.

deprived of
hoped

her

would

this
be

88

nONAPAIiTE,

CITIZENESS

rushed
to

to your

see

heart

to my

you

dear

I arrive ; you

when

me

Napoleon.
makes

you

care

no

capricemade

you

indifferent.

town

one

balls;

not

were

you

"

Milan,

everything

up

from

another, amusing yourselfwith

from

I reached

"

thrown

travellingabout

are

you

having

rooms,

to press

you,

there

prizeof victory:

welcome

the most

you

go

away

for your

more

love

me

stancy
incon-

accustomed

am

to

to

danger,and know the cure for the fatiguesand evils

of life. My unhappiness is inconceivable ; T had no
I shall

expect it.

to

reason

Don't

[Frimaire]
.

put yourselfout
made

pleasure; happiness is
world

is too

When

is very,

Bonaparte

accept

those

the

your

The

whole

and

please you,

9th

your

in that

the

city.

"She

was

ceived,"
re-

Scott, with studied magnificence

"

ancient

interest,and

French

pursue

for you.

can

from

says Sir Walter

by

the

unhappy."
thus
lamenting, Josephine
had
thought it her duty to

she

invitation

an

until

very

was

Genoa, where

at

was

if it

happy

alone

husband

be here

where,

adhered

who

state

to the

scandal

to

of the

continued
assembled,
rigid Catholics, the company
de Serva, till a late hour
at a ball given b}^ M.
on
of a senator
Friday morning, despite the presence

having in
decree
fast

his

pocket,but

of the senate

day

upon

Another

by

venturing

to

enforce,a

for the better observation

of the

the occasion."

letter
28

not

"I

from
have

Berthier

Bonaparte
received

from

Genoa.

to

the
I

vember
Josephine,Nowarded
despatchesforsee

that
clearly

AFTER

didn't

you

have

time

pleasures and
kind

been

enough

I have

him.

you
or

misery of

make

the

to

do

reproaches,do

no

happiness of
knows

other

no

of you

I ask

lace to
to

weigh

of my

moment

over

that nature
you

I love

This

her

but

what

and

alone, to

annoy

you,

happy,

make

yourselfabout the
only in your life,and
am

heart.
me

Why

wrong.
When

I sacrifice

which
person

from

receive

to

esteem, for I love

your
cise
exer-

misfortune

is my

that might
qualities

I deserve

pect
ex-

thoughts, every
power

It

When

yours.

whole

your

of

affection

"

her

nate
fasciphine
Jose-

madly

give happy
them

sufferingupon
and

better

than

by, you

Fate

my

bright days

concludes

letter

Good

good by, Josephine!

sorrow

no

and

alone."

this outbreak
;

to

has

love

Be

your

happiness

can

gold?

as

passionatelyeloquent

woman

the

love you

life.

to

offered

are

not

desires, all my

denied

respect and

is

to

lives

much

unhappy

has
;

me,

life,I yield to the

my

wrote

trouble

character, and

charms, your

do

like mine, I

all my

you

you

of my
not

as

has

interferingwith

pleasuresand joys than

love

done

Berthier

trouble, and

who

man

have

me.

nothing that

aim

all your

the letter you

of

For

you.

that is the lot and

me

would

for

me

whom

happy,

you

In

me.

that
pleasure-parties

man

interest

right to

show

worth

to

you

intention

the

not

am

write

anything

to

no

with

plans,or

to

amusements,

sacrifice

to

wrong

89

ARCOLE.

to

she ?

may

with

adorable

crowd

every

heart, if only it will

Josephine.
When

Who

there

serves
deis' no

IH)

( 7 ri'A hW

doubt

longer any

I shall hide

me,

I /m

/; TE.

she has

ceased

and
crushinggrief,

my
some

send

her, of

to

use

letter to

my

noy

possiblethat

be able to be of
open

Kss

be satisfied to
service.

some

kiss.

you

love

to

phine,
Oh, Jose-

"

Josephine !
A

few

days later they met

agitatedheart tasted a
Lavalette, who

peace.
at that

time, describes

after Arcole

''

him

day

few

of

aide-de-camp
headquarters in Milan
before

in

reception. The

full of officers of all

parative
com-

his

was

living

was

parte's
Bonaof

moments

presented myself

who

palace,on

at

Milan, and

at

the

the

mander-in-chief,
com-

Serbelloiii

drawing-room was

degrees,and

of the

few

gratitudewhich

high officials
of the country.
His manner
was
pleasant,but his
so
haughty and piercing that I felt myglance was
self
he spoke to me.
I stammered
turn
pale when
out

listened
a

to

last he

the
mark
and

scarf.'

silence,with

in

said

his

This

eyes fixed

red silk,and

at

scarf,Avhich

was

was

that time,

Murat, who

had

general,was

no

Colonel

one

just been

for his

as

of the

English,"we

was

one

as

had

six

o'clock and

the

and
me.

get

distinguishing

aides, was

of white

eight aides-de-camp.

promoted

to

remarkable

ready Avit.
at

in the Memorial

"

the

for his
While

Toulon

of

post of
first

The

of them.

first batteries

read

me

he

the left arm."

on

Bonaparte

Junot, who

energy

worn

longer

on

thoroughly confused
back

'

Come

of

words

of the commander-in-chief's

At

and

expressionwhich

severe

At

and

name

my

was

bravery

ing
construct-

againstthe
Saint

Helena^

92

CITIZENESS

mental

lent
qualities,

which
Less
solid

Avere

brilliant

trusted

most

extraordinary."

than

Junot

He

was

his

death

the

under

the

fourth

Pole,

live

the

French

soldiers

These
showed
name.

the

courage

at

the

hoAv

Avell he

The

future

old

years

hour

fifth

and

and

already

SulkoAvski,

Avas

and

European
of

romantic

language.

Poland, and

siege of Warsaw,

and

Avas

of

brother

Avith

the

he

commander-in-

and

zeal

King

burden

Holland

reveiy,

danger.

devotion

heartiness that

had

simple,his

Avere

to

of

had

At

and

of
a

great

gentle

character

was

remarkablycool

the battle
been

old,

years

dangerous duties.

most

supported the

prone

of

land
Eng-

the

Avith the

manners
was

in

leon's
greetedby NapoThe
sixth
felloAV-countryman.

performed

serious,he

to

Lemerrois,

young

Bonaparte,scarcelyseventeen

nature, his

in

about

was

Duroc.

for the freedom

entrusted
he

cannon-ball

he

the

every

army,

as

aide-de-campAvas
chief,Louis

Napoleon's

privatecitizen

Tlie

spoke

having fought
having been wounded

was

by

adventurous, chivalrous,
"He

of

Bonaparte'sspirit

on

of Colonel

name

After

Avho

left

as

wounds.

an

character.

entered

killed

aide-de-campwas

with

but

Duroc,
aide-de-camp,

Palace, and

scarcelyseventeen

covered

ness
ful-

in 1815, the Emperor

Bellerojylion

permission to

was

Marmont,

impression that, when

an

upon

The

third

friend.

deep

asked

the

and

the

so

interest and

an

most

to

Wurtschen;

embark

life

our

Marshal

at

to

character,was

later Grand

who

BONAPARTE.

of Arcole

of service

in

his

saving

AFTER

his brother's
Saint

at

The

life.

Helena;

seventh

skilful

Louis

"

who

The

confined

the

in

restoration, and
devotion

the

him

visited
her

last

Lavalette,later

was

the

second

execution
his

secure

him

sent

death

to

at

from
to

place

glorious death

Conciero-erie
saved

and

the

condemned

was

prison and

in

met

wife, who,

by

esca^DC,

dressed

out

in

clothes.

Bonaparte's staff
court, of
and

martial

society.
the

air.

Madame

could

made

of its young

happy

all the

prevent her
domestic

to

sojourn

at

wife's

in his

charming,and

was

command,

duties

that

the

of

from

husband

happiness.

Milan

all

It

was

young

the first portrait

that exists of the

representedhim

the

on

bridge of

Lodi

when, flagin hand, he flung himself

moment

before

his

never

get the general

to

men

took

her

husband

held

him

for

sittings;the
modesty and

then

was

not

up

sliort

He

"

military

lette
commander-in-chief," Lava-

chief

himself

during this
painterGros
the

The

of

sort

account

on

Bonaparte

the

government,

general.

"

elsewhere,

of

cares

giving

already a

was

exceptionalcharm

says

at

and

more."

me

just taken

had

only

of his

he loved

Croissier,a brave

had

Elliot,who

eighth
Postmaster-General, who
and

glory,"said Napoleon

"perhaps

cavalry officer

Arcole.

loved

aide-de-campwas

of the young
at

93

ABCOLK

on

few

age
his

them

urge

of

Madame

sit.

to

artist could

Bonaparte

lap, after breakfast,and

her
minutes.
the

The

on.

was

present

happy couple, the

enthusiasm

for

the

at these

artist's

hero, excused

94

this

CITIZEN

familiarity."

portrait
make

at

good

artists.

Milan,

subject

BONAPARTE.

ESS

thus

(Iros,
after

of

the

painting
battle

picture

of

of

one

Bonaparte's
Arcole,
of

might
our

ern
mod-

IX.

OF

END

THE

THE
Saint

Helena
Italian

of the

have

made

'But

who

those

at

about

reads

state

of

have

rested

If I had

things.

the

but I

always

day's victory was

necessityof winning
Early

in

1797

Bonaparte, who
a

and

the

marsh

Stendhal

the
had

describes

his

tories
dailyviche

None

must

he
all,'

at

some

gave

to

tance
Possibly; at a distriumphs and ignoresthe
'

had

any

had

danger in

pleasure,I

one

the

war

had

to

was

should

front of me,

forgottenin

once

new

caught

which

'

Majesty

at

Mantua,

near

exhaustion

Emperor, speaking

of it.

distance.'

Napoleon

famous, that

so

least' Your

at

were

one

in

it

with

the swift and

got great pleasure out

replied.

and

and

campaign
had

which

said to the

We

"

had

he

which

this conversation

at

in the Memorial

Cases recounts

of Las

Count

CAMPAIGN.

THE

next

be

fever
in

filled the

army

appearance

at

the

day.'"
resumed,

and

by bivouacking
of

state

with
the

illness

despair.

time, with

his hollow, livid cheeks, which

to say,

drank

"

He

to his

is of

most

inspiredthe ^migr^s
beautiful yellow ! and they

speedy death.

"

"

Only

his eyes
95

and

their

96

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

piercing glance

announced

the

great

Tins

man.

for him
the confidence
of the army,
glancehad won
which
forgave him for his feeble appearance, loving
him
only the better for it. They often compared
their little corporalwith the superb Murat, and their

for the puny

preferencewas
won

Austria

about

was

cities of that

of volunteers.
the

Empress
heard

thousand
the Paduan
and

of

lines
whole
the

Those

was

of
The

In

rain.

empire

effort.

final

had

embroidered

by

received
her

from
hands.

own

the

at

January

he

weather

had

was

the

on

cleared

after very

heavy

moonlight the general examined

enemy's camp-fires,which filled

the

all ablaze

was

the

Adige

with

and

Lake

them.

the
the

Garda:
bivouac

The

forty or fiftythousand
to
morning at six, there were

next

of

eminence

Austrians.

fires indicated
The

The

sending battalions

were

of Vienna

region between
air

Bologna,January 10, 1797, when

that the Austrians, to the number
of sixty
and
were
advancing by Montebaldo
men,
the 13th
plains. In the night between

14th

Rivoli.

make

to

banners

Bonaparte
he

already

great glory."

so

great

had

generalwho

be at Rivoli

only twenty-two thousand French troops. Never did

amazing rapidityof conception,
Bonaparte show more
the
decision,and execution.
January 14, he won
all that night with
battle of Rivoli; he marched
had
the victory; the
Mass^na's
won
division,which
evening of
he

won

the 15th, he

the

was

before

battle of Favorita.

Mantua
In

three

the

16th,

days

the

END

THE

Austrian

OF

reduced

army,

to half

its

weakened
disorganized,
killed and

pletely
originalsize,com-

by

lost

multitude

had

s^na's division

marched

of

thousand

twenty-two

its artillery,
and baggage.
prisoners,

taken

men

had

wounded,

97

CAMPAIGN.

THE

Mas-

and

fought incessantly
for four days, marching by night and
fightingby
day. Bonaparte could boast that his soldiers had
surpassed the famous speed of Caesar's legions. The
"

he
legions,"

Rojnan

twenty-fourmiles
''

The

of

esteem

and

comrades
of

day ;

intervals."

the

fightin

at the

wrote

the

such

Carnot:

to

wrote
as

men

make

that

you,

of my

soldiers,sometimes, too, the opinion

above

and
posterity,

conscience, and

also

to

thirtyand

make

men

He

few

our

time, "used

the

all,the

prosperityof

of my

state

my

own

country, alone

interest me."

surrendered
at
February 3, Wurmser
had accorded
honorable
Bonaparte, who

Mantua.
conditions

the

to

already

was

and

his staff marched

The

studied

indifference

himself

the

in

out

scene

the

general, was
tion,
of his humilia-

Romagna

when

before the French

with

which

his

forces,at

sword,
few

was

anxious

general
has

to

matter

days later

he

show

more

been

the

than

wrote

French

head
of
to

of his

he

troops.

Bonaparte

agreeablespectacleof a marshal
of
great reputation,the commander-in-chief

Austrian

Austrian

be present at the

unwilling to
and

venerable

nied
de-

of
the

staff,
giving

surpriseto

all

up

Europe.

the

Directory: I was
generosityto Wurmser,

seventy years old, to

unkind, but who has never

"

whom

ceased

tune
forto

98

CITIZEN

"show

and

constancy

BONAPARTE.

ES8

that

courage

historywill

not

forget."
The

the

for two

sudden

because

you,

finished

country

is very

for the

leave

write

and

day.
do you
as

yet

Think
Ancona

"

different letters.

the

mountains.

Thousands

tino,he
are

one,

for you

the

from

wrote

don't

Don't

thought

Good

makes

me

it will

anything

you

dear.

from
sure

am

newspapers
to

once,

cross

desire.

earnest

most

of kisses."

signingof

love

sent

by, my
again

and

you,

is my

Bologna :

you

day

anything is settled,I

moment

write

wrote

never

line every

tired of

leaving at

am

that

me

so

I have
I

You

every

war.

thousands

and

ill ; you

Paris.
This

The

days before

three

walk
been

never

me.

and

shall send

nothing from

I hear

don't love

that you

take

send

to

hope

is afraid.

everybody

to-morrow.

ought

Besides, the

days.

February 13, he

me."

of

few

this horrid

with

am

by

for

send

yet ; but

done

mountains

I have

good.

the citadel

don't

Ancona.
is not

to

at

firing.We took twelve

officers to their
sent fifty

hostile, and

of you

beg

been

have

"We

captured

have

in

you

that with

little

work

our

be

it will

We

still at

am

pause

February 10, Bonaparte

days.

prisoners. I

homes.

follows:

as

attack, after

hundred

to

came

continued.

Josephine

to

Ancona
a

See

Holy

wrote

Austria

with

war

to

"

me

your

very

the
You
;

February 16,
Treaty of Tolenare

you

gloomy

want

husband

unhappy.

to

any

you

go

to

more?

My

I find life unendurable, since I hear of your

dear
low

100

CITIZENESS

He

compelled

the

BONAPARTE.

Pope

cede

to

Venaissin, Bologna,Ferrara, and

to

time, he
unlike

wrote

the

"I

have

thank

been

kind

Holiness.
to his

the

enough

! The

to

convey

veneration

The

France

Holiness

write

have

glad to

All

the

for the

Peace

me.

Republic and

been able to contribute

Europe

is

of

aware

Your

ness
Holi-

Republic will be, I hope, one

of the

of Rome.

I send

Holiness

which

I feel for his

the

day

same

letter which

to

the French

Your

same

and

during

of
conciliatory
disposition

French

friends

^t the

in the

to

personal repose.

pacificand

truest

am

Romagna,

But

Your

justbeen signedbetween

Your

of

language
must

the

tliis respectfulletter,quite

expressionscontained

courteous

has

him

to

usual

Revolution:

you

the

subsidy of thirtymillions.

pay

and

Avignon

the

my

aide-de-campto

unfailingesteem
person."
of Tolentino

peace

was

and

cluded,
con-

the following
February 19, 1797, Bonaparte wrote
letter to Josephine,who
then at Bologna :
was
Peace has just been signed with Rome.
Bologna,
ceded to the Republic.
Ferrara, the Romagna, are
The
Pope gives us shortlythirtymillions and many
"

works

and

of art.
thence

but

"

done
to

beg

Not
?

me

permits, come
take

word

from

think

only of

no

other

worthy

morning

Rimini, Ravenna, and

of you,

To

know

make

for

health

your

I leave to-morrow

to

of

care

you

If

Ravenna,

or

youi'self.
Heavens

you, to love

Ancona,

Bologna.

Rimini

happiness than
of such

for

! what

have

only Josephine,

hers, does

cruel fate ?

My

all that

dear, I

THE

of you,

beg
You

be

my

heart

move

of

so

don't

little ?

How

believed

write

love

of marble

is made

have

not

often,and

you

101

CAMPAIGN.

THE

me

ill,or

you

I should

OF

think

must

think

has

END

me

alone

rule

know

it.

You

Ever

me.

to

ings
suffer-

my
know

to whom

me

nature

beauty,you

who, doubtless,

power

think

me,

you

Do

exercise

you

of me,

and

love

yours."

letter,dated

This

the

as

February 19,~at Tolentino, is

collection
published by Queen Hor-

the

printedin
tense

the absolute

heart, write

my

little you

heart,you

my

well

only too

over

over

day.

Do

given intelligence,
gentleness,and

who

every

last written

by Napoleon

Josephine

to

to be
during the first Italian campaign. It is much
regrettedthat Josephine's letters to her husband
have not also been preserved; but it is fair to suppose
from
Napoleon's repeated reproaches,that his

wife

wrote

effusions of her
of him

cool

very

his

his

by
she

married

people, cannot

was

loved

became

him

We

should

Remusat

be

was

expressed

herself

letters
which

varies

love,

the

return

to

wholly

mistaken

this

delicate

the

emotions

on

betray
between

between

even

which

think

and
doubt

may

If

be

ardent, it may

inclined
not

we

commanded.

be

less

disappointedin

and

proud

was

dazzled

was

Still

success.

whether

Napoleon

glory,and

sentimental

She

passionatehusband.

she admired

fascinated

the

to

answers

because

his love

that

later
he
met.

Madame

de

she

thus

when

parte's
subject: "Bona-

despondency

of
and

jealousy
threats

of

1 0-2

iTiz

Then

violence.

KS

i':ss

find

we

o
/,'

I /M

/,'v/;.

gloomy thoughts,a

of

sort

disgustwith the passing illusions of life. Possibly

his ardent
which
the cold reception with
feelings
its influence

had

met

were

him.

had

if he

man

he Avould

Perhaps
been

Moreover, it may

coldness

was

who

men

the

are

surrender, and

who

is like

love

herself be

deal with

to

She

war.

had

won;

been

she

struggle.

ground.

not

was

war

yet

and

tender,

liave loved

Its armies

were

her less.

exhausti
its in-

springing from

ever

Beaulieu, Wurmser

after

let

more

perpetuallyrenewing

was

tlie

she

yielded;
more

by
get
for-

conqueror,

Austria, with

over.

resources,

After

to

not

must

never

loving,possiblyBonaparte might
The

We

are

than

changing sky

doting love.

Josephine had

that

There

indifference

by

prefer a

of

blue

monotonous

that

fascinated

better

especiallybettei-,
that Josephine's

of calculation.

result

more

be

well

numbed
last be-

at

been

have

and

more,

loved."

and

upon

the
the

Wurmser,

This
Charles.
Alvinzy; after Alvinzy,the Archduke
his spurs in Germany,
German
prince,who had won
to Italy. Bonaparte,witli thirtythousand
came
men,

hastened

to

covered

mountains

crossed

the Piave

in the
at

Gradisca;

Trieste; the
he

him, in

encounter

with
;

the

battle of
a

few

Tagliamento;

captured Klagenfurt.

he

the

took

duke
Arch-

he arrived

soon

Laybach

from

prudence

over

13, 1797, he

the

Germany;

Whether

from

cold,

defeated

16th, he

days later

or

bitter

March

snow.

26th, he entered

physicalexhaustion

and

29th,

fatigueai:d

and

craft,he

ENJ)

77//';

felt that

the

enough

fame

of

hour

THE

He

struck.
he

now

lOo

CAMrAKrX.

had

peace

soklier

as

OF

was

had

won

to appear

as

peacemaker.
unrivalled

This

with

peace

carrying
branch
and

after

much

as

After

war.

on

fury,

France

was

who

flattered in

turn

kept

such

he

rest.

with

of the

the

time, and

later in the Moniteur

Bonaparte
but

love

said

enough

harm

men

end.
.

the

throne,

which
you

often animate

determined

Germany
have

to

As

?
.

shall deem

glory which

its
an

letter,replete

few

days

effect.

In it

a
publication,
enormous

killed

we

humanity

at

last

after the

humanity

make

us,

enough

human

the

and

sixth

This

whatever

men
paign
cam-

may

thousand

few
to

come

war,

an

standing,
under-

passions,has
are

so

near

petty passions

governments,

are

the title of the Saviour

of

which

for me,

if the

overture

making to you, can save one man's

whicli I
be prouder of the civic croAvn
myself to have earned, than of all the sad
from militarytriumphis."
come
may

the honor

life,I shall

of

love

ministers

deserve

man

its interest, and

Charles

superior to

so

olive-

publicopinion, ^larch 31,

even
everytliing,

and

in

glory, peace

You, General, Avho by birth

must

range
ar-

shown

for this young

unhappy auspices;

Ave

since
an

after

shall kill between

and

more,

to

to

swords, the

glory and

Have

begins under
be its issue, we

had

had

General, brave soldiers

"

peace.

and done

its
with

and

philosophy

fashion

moderation

how

he

as

crossed

Archduke

the

to

art

all aflame

close touch

wrote

understood

manager

of

104

CITIZENESS

BONAPARTEr
.

15,

April

Bonaparte

seized

the

twenty-five
Charles

acceded,
of
and

it

left

cession

of

to

Towards

Avas

Venetian

in

the

French

soldiers

seized

and.

May
Mark.

which

16,

of

Bonaparte

an

forts,
the

and

Italy,
of

order

against

the

returned

him

had

and

batteries

to

seen

d'Hil-

of
the

in

and

day

Baragney

flag

an

the

against

Leoben,

tricolor
had

to

war

General

lagoons,

ing
mak-

territory.

declared

had

massacred.

hoisted

3,

to

of

Venetian

declared

which

of

purpose

returned

May
he

preliminaries

the

he

ceded

be

to

gium
Bel-

consideration

the

April

Treviso,

Republic,

before

Saint

of

reached

published,

from

Austria

naries
prelimi-

conditions

the

in

parte
Bona-

the

Rhine

for

state,

Archduke

signed

the

Lombardy

end

the

liers

of

only

hostilities.

following

bank

independent

an

he

vance
ad-

were

The
of

18,

the

on

the

he

April

peace

indemnity

when

and,

Vienna.

suspension

His

French

the

from

leagues

Leobeii.

at

Semmering

requested

France

arrived

Venice,
Piazza

Milan.

of

X.

THE

spring of

THE

in the

1797
of

lives

the

two

he

from

all

and

as

its
crystals,

lofty colonnades,

of the
sets

vast

luxurious

most

before

Madame

its

with

of
his

Yvan.

Near

generalmade

Duke's

on

palace,

the ladies

militarycourt

and

Berthier, Kilmaine, Clarke, and

few

in

pretty

Leopold Bertliier,
was

Eugene

sofa, jestingas merrily as

his appearance,

Arnault

Milan.

Josephine and

Visconti, Madame

looked

sumptuous

Madame

harnais, on

under

have

to

graniteall sparklingwith

residences

were

The

to the

convert

drawing-rooms,
wide, long gallery,was
one

Bonaparte

us

drawing-room where
women

and

of emperors

then

was

liberty.

finished

of

proud

May,

attention

more

Serbelloni, a

Arcole, who

in

Serbelloni

the

in

residences

was
liberty,

of

Paris

attracted

the

of

of Italian

its blocks

small
its

of

the hero

the restorer

with

did

The

Josephine.

from

came

time

Duke

The

notions

roof

his

than

Europe

kings.

French

that

at

and

Milan, settled

at

Palace, which

perhaps the happiesttime

was

Napoleon

poet Arnault, when

found

PALACE.

SERBELLONI

every

de Beau-

page.

one

Augereau
X05

The

stood

up.

waited

for

106

the

glance,a word,

he

began

explain his victories,talking at

to

and

militarymatters,

and

with

now

that

is

animation,

given by

expression of
smile, by
of

of
added
and

the
then

of

listeners,and
he

"

That

his

character

it,or

the

perhaps

many

him

approach
others to

be carried off

an

and

He

obey.

by

he will be in exile

on

he

talkingfor

time, like

the

fatigue.

admiration

If he

the

authorityis
without

themselves.

is born

the force of

bears

him

to him

to

is not

bullet before
or

easily

whom

moment's

his

how

spite of

in

be

Regnauld de Saint Jean

exceptionalbeing ; everything

submit

people,who

expressionof respect
who

the

superiorgenius,to

notice

ings
feel-

how

those

everything about
You

authority.
by

is

man

to his

succumbs

felt

said to

left,Arnault

d'Angely :

had

one

no

est
the kindli-

manly voice,

conceive

standing all
steadily,

hours

As

and

just been

had

severe

all this must

conversation

He

desired to fascinate."

authority

deepestthoughts

to

possibleto
his

by

won

the

on

voice,

the warmest

melodious

be

it will

Bonaparte
two

reflects the

"

charm

serious

tempered by

passionateheart,

most

on

goes

face, the

and
powerful intelligence

most

be added

must

look which

with

now

is often

which

stories,

moment

one

singularlymobile

tell

to

remarks," Arnault

Souvenirs, "uttered

ered
gath-

group

philosophyand poetry.

the next,

of these

the interest

To

in his

of

The

slightest
sign.

Bonaparte, and

about

"

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

four

the throne."

the

stamp
nized
recoging
know-

What
men

command,

an
wear
as

lucky enough
years from

so

to

now,

108

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

party prevailedby adding to

the force of national
'

it's

Italian

an

the barbarians
At

double

in

as

part

he made
he

of

use

wanted

her

by

the bond

was

said

of union

any

it not

the

with

The

of

with

the

Bonaparte knew

relations

plan

of fusion, which

most

wife, I should

of

tlie former

with

my

characteristic.
have

not

had

and

with

by

Thanks
how

there

to

Viscountess

of

Palace, recalled

the

of

Faubourg

receive

issued

Fructidor.

Beauharnais,"

into

the

traditions

contrast

the addresses

European

himself.

de

Serbelloni

exquisitegrace,

in marked

18th

to

my

the

approaching it."

the

drawing-roomsof
used

me

of

one

Beauharnais, in the
and

and

him

important principlesof

most

drawing-room

elegance

Augereau; when
old regime, Josephine,

Madame

for my

been

means

easy

as

royalism,

oppose

acknowledged this

administration,and
Had

to

of the

between

requiredfor

of

one

helped him play his

the ideas of

Napoleon, "brought

was

She

"

antecedents, her relations,her character,

marriage

party which

all,'
they said,

are

wished

with

men

aristocracy.He
"My

he

cajolepeople

to

After

revolutionaryleader, now

When

conservative.

'

we

plans.

as

now

consideration
political

over
establishing
shall be avenged for the Gotlis.'
of great serParis, Josephine was
vice

husband's

to her

pride:

family that
; we

Milan,

the

the

most

brilliant

Saint Germain.
Milanese

the

exercised

formal

the very

nobility
etiquette

demagogic tone
Army of Italybefore

the
to

his

Italian

please both

the

sephine
Jo-

of

the

shrewdness,
sansculottes

THE

and

those who

was

be

to

than

would

another, for

; at

he

soon

he

time

one

some,

ardent

Brutus

Caesar.

he

and

for

taken

with

as

mounted

According

potentate.

There

is

in this

used

nothing
double
the most

himself, in confidential

This

appointed by

the

While

aspect.

revolutionary
talk

with

thoughts,he
not
was

for

come

took

scorn

and

have

not

with

the young,
any

failed

to

wound

charming

at the

it

was

that

she

to

his

such

his

were

The

time

had

Josephine,who

discord which

arise between

otherwise

the

general. Barras, by

with

the instructions

feared

been

out
Barras, helped,possiblywith-

indocile

discontent

them.

off his mask.

knowing it,to allaythe

could

if

but

to hide

care

throwing

intimate

very

his

of the
had

commander-in-chief, who

profound

most

was

rectors,
already felt for the DiDirectory,
for Barras, his especialpatron,
especially

and
the

to

ing
interest-

more

intimates, expressed contempt for the methods

demagogue.

the

Naples.

according to others, he

Bonaparte's lieutenants
language,

intriguedas

of Austria

be
a

study him

to

He

democrats

of the old courts

ambassadors

tribune

the most

109

PALACE.

knee-breeches.

wore

with
skilfully

At

SEEBELLONI

Bonaparte, w^ho

of the

friend

at

ing
express-

often

Directory,would
Josephine,who

festivities of the
continued

Director

have
was

Luxembourg.

Milan

the work

beyed
diso-

she

so

Thus
had

Bonaparte's
begun in Paris ; and in fact, she was
mainstay with the Directory.
at that time
Josephine was
thirty-four
years old.
and faded complexion was
Her somewhat
brown
dis-

110

CITIZENESS

guised by
with

and

rouge

defects

natural

by

gracefulmovements,

soft

and

eyes

and

all the

Moreover,

was

all the

and

involuntary;

have

understand
was

able

and

heart.

her

he himself

he

commanded

when

settingher

victories

air of

an

ceptional
ex-

coquetry, which

it seemed

natural

but another

was

so

of Versailles;

jewels that

old

queens

things enable
attractive

was

cap

not

us

to

woman

her

to

beauty

for him.

His

in

and

Milan

loyaltyto

love, partlyof calculation.

''

most

delicate

generals; jealouseyes spied his

he

on

her

gave

said, his positionwas

depended

hung

figure,

Bonaparte's intelligence

of

matter

forgottenhimself

her

her

dignifiedbearing,

because

over

there

movement;

fate

time !

remedied

absolutelyfaithful

was

partlya

was

cealed
con-

expression,her

person,
an

which

power

He

time

As

His

her

all these

"

exei'cise

to

not

was

every

refined

toilettes and

envied,
the

mouth

unpretending but always pleasingthat

unfailingkindness ; manners

in dress

great taste

who

she

the best traditions of the court

recalled

this at

her

her

indolence, which

an

her

conversation

might

attractive

more

her

of her

harmony

employed

elegance of

gentle voice,

charm.

fascination

teeth:

The

art.

she

of

smallness

of her

badness

which

powder,

great skill; the

the

her

BONAPARTE.

was

his

on

for
no

extremely circumspect.
conduct;

hour, and

an

more

than

he
how

might
many

have

of his

that brief space

of

"

Many

years

later,at the

Milan, the celebrated

time

of his coronation

at

attracted

his

singer,Grassini,

THE

attention; circumstances
her, and

for

she
her

first appearance

talked of

one

of the

in the full flower

then

the Su7i.
alone

When

not

fall

when

alone

reallywas

Avas

No

Virginsof
general

interested

me.

somebody, and
now

of

one

all

your

let them

you

of you

longer worthy

no

"

first

talent.

young

it all for

it,and

win

am

The

he

feet, I scorned
could

Italy.

in the

me

one.

every

Italyat my
glances. I
me

of

quaintance,
ac-

made

of his

beauty and

indifferent,and

strange !

on

of my

had

time
of

sent

speedy

she

that

Army

anything except

I charmed

was

How

him

exactly the

at

commander

exploitsas

of

first moment

reminded

he

less austere;

were

after the

Ill

PALACE.

SEBBELLONI

or

them,"
In

as
happy,
May, 1797, Bonaparte was relatively
of his ardent and
restless
happy as could be a man
to
not
nature, for whom
peace and happiness seemed
"

exist.

few

days

had

been

enough

to

restore

his

and
strengthafter all his emotions, fatigues,
perils.
The
his wife were
suspicionshe had felt about
speedilydissipated;and Josephine at last became
accustomed
and

her

for the

As
its

where
she held so loftya position,
Italy,
pride was thoroughlygratified.

to

French

triumphs.

has

written

all young

each

more

There

was

wild

with

joy over
Stendhal

its Paradise.

seemed

most

picturesque descriptionof

and

beautiful
the

was

Milan

enchanting period, when

were

it

army,

the

loving,the
and

more

promenade

officers and

soldiers

ladies of Milan
amiable

of the Corso

than
on

this

were

another.

the bastion

112

CITIZENESS

of the eastern

gate, that

and

plain;

day

every

Spanish rampart planted

forty feet

fashionable

there

the

"

old

and

chestnut-trees

with

BONAPARTE.

the

society used

in

women

above

low

green

to

meet

carriages called

hastardelles.
Before

the French

never

been

Corso

than

more

afterwards

reached

army

lines

two

there

Milan, there had

of

carriagesin

the

always four,sometimes

were

the whole
six, filling
the

the

centre

singleturn,

at

length of the promenade. At

carriagesas they arrived took their
the staff or
gentle trot. Happy were

cavalry officerswho
they

objectsof

were

But

when,

the

Ave

the

as

Maria^

fashionable

Corsia
be

used
the
were

be

the
on,

labyrinth:

infantryofficers.
and

the

at

the

the

Some

of

have

was

the

ball at

received

the

in their boxes

have

casino

The

number

of

venti to

despairas

on

with

the

young

The

conquerors.

officers who

by that, and they cast

pit

was

ser-

showered
also

filled

happy enough to be
not discouraged
; but they were
tender and respectfulglances

were

invited into the boxes

attentions

of

there

officers,thereby driving their cavalieri

the

the

theatres

French

they saw

leagues to

ten

come

Albergo della Citta: every other evening

magnificent performances at the Scala.

ladies of Milan

of

of

caf^

the

Fridays,when

closed, there

the

infantry officers

entrance

of

hour

carriagesstart again, and

alighting,eat ices in front

the rendezvous.
to

comes

this

into

the

de" Servi.

at

to

envy

cafe, then

innings

dash

evening

ladies, without

their

could

not

THE

the

on

like
suit

through

them

nearer,

at

then

the

they

"

"

distance

through

of

were

primavera,

gioventu^

spring,

youth,

other

youth

of

springtime

look

at

they

which

brought

happiness

delV

della

the

year
of

anno

life

vita

"

"

their

them

which

opera-glasses,

with

primavera

shone,
If

if, however,

gioventu

scarcely

where

would

end,

filled

bullets

They

their

knew

and

worshipped.

ladies

end

large

off

them

put
at

the

shells

boxes

they

these

who

woman.

the

to

whom

hopeless,

was

of

eyes

ladies

the

stars,

Men

face

before

their

raise

to

adoration.

the

in

trembled

and

blushed
dared

fear

of

shadow

no

their

of

objects

113

PALACE.

SERBELLONI

looked

them

XI.

THE

COUIIT

OF

hot

weather

the

WHEN

his wife took

of

Montebello,

of

rich

hill from

which

holding a

court, which
under
of

leagues from
there

plainsof Lombardy.

months,

the
the

the

that

sort

of

In
airs of

he

had

in

surrounded
the envoys
the

taken

in the most

by

the

of the

Republics of
eyewitness,the
114

the

at

view

the

over

of

the

fact, Bonaparte had

a

top

they remained three

diplomatic and military

monarch.

brief

so
so

time

before,as
Nice

at

an

of

eign
sover-

court

already

Every

one

dered
won-

acquired such

great influence

in

Europe.

unknown
an

eral
gen-

tute
desti-

army

holding the positionof

beautiful region of the world,
now

ministers

Pope,
Genoa

Count

of Austria

of the
and

the arbiter of the destinies of

an

wide

castle

There

command

and
everything,

conqueror

Milan,

Republican general,called

gloryand could exercise

Scarcelythirteen months
he had

was

the

the future
Italians,discerning

Montebello.

assumed

in, Bonaparte and

set

their quarters at

up

few

MONTEBELLO.

King

and

of Sardinia, of

Venice, he had

Italy. Let

Miot

de

Naples,

us

become

hear what

Melito, says

"

It

116

CITIZEN

Madame
and

Duchess
of

with

of

Naples.

that

cityin

It

had

Letitia,who

Genoa

Elisa, later
daughtei-s:

Caroline, afterwards

1797

the
:

when

moment

very

full

Senate,

If, within

"

of this

I send

shall

Frenchmen

in your

Ministry; if

French
the

arrested

are

who

men

Genoa

against the

disarm

this

when

by
the

shall

not

French

will

it shall have

be the

have

had

people
do

of

not

first to

perceived the

into which

the

all

disposition

if,finally,
you

tion
recepof my

one

exciting the

are

27,

May

placed

prisonat
you

populace,which

againstyou

have

not

Doge,

after the

to you

of

one

the

to

letter, dated

twenty-fourhours

letter,which

who

Lavalette,

handed

this

aides-de-camp,you
of the

Queen

excitement.

had
Bonaparte'saides-de-camp,
before

Marseilles

they passed through Genoa, they found

tremendous

the

was

and

from

just come

of her

two

Tuscany,
As

BONAPARTE.

ESS

rise

terrible

of the

led

Minister

of the

and

aristocracywill haj^eexisted.

"

leave
The

the

it,

Genoa,
heads

errors

the

of the Senators

securityof

all the Frenchmen

the united

states

beg of

property.

confidence

in the

consideration

of the

you

French

will

in

are

to

Genoa, and

you, in conclusion, to have

which

esteem

I nourish

for

and
Your

the

me

Republic will guarantee

of
feelings

will

Republic

guarantee
who

will

have

consequences

their

perfect

distinguished
Highness's

person."
Never
Senate

before that
Chamber.

wild

excesses

day
The

had

stranger entered

excitement

probable.

Since

of

the

the

dered
city ren-

Bonaparte

had

COURT

THE

received

not

his

Italy of

taken,

been

the

letter

orders

no

them, and

great

and

sense

here, so long

of my

my

arrival

an

holds

son

the

the

stay with

to

was

of

case

of

woman

nothing

fear

to

leading citizens

Go

back, and

of

tell him

I shall continue

morning

to-morrow

uprisingof
could, in

I have

"

in

Le-

was

he

as

hostages.

as

of

arrival

Madame

given.

Bonaparte

courage.

as

Republic

well

as

the

precautionshad

first thought

Madame

attack; but

been

the victim

defend

to

sisters,no

had

Lavalette's

populace.

117

MONTEBELLO.

announcing

and

mother

might easilybe

titia

the

OF

journey." Lavalette followed her advice, simply

takingthe precautionof lettinga few cavalrypickets
ride ahead of the three ladies.
Milan
They reached
my

without

accident, and

quarters

at

the

the

highly pleasedto

was

and

power

glory.

was

her

see

of

Liberator
crowned
of
was

not

respect

Italy.
.

head

novelty to

was
a

mind

experiencedits
of

him

by

them.
disappointed
and

Honor

his owm,
which

married

to the

cares

all

He
woman

Power

and

they

had
or

risks

around, and
was

in the

the

three

in his

every

named
that

lage,
vil-

of

had

flower

of his heart.

before

years

he had

high hopes
he

the

full relish

his, and

was

much

peculiarmark

beyond

and
two

woman,

says

town,

every

him, whom

to

pining in obscurity.

formed

Scott

itself by some
distinguish

and

homage

proud

enjoying so

Sir Walter

As

"

of

very

son

Life of.Napoleon Bonaparte^

desired to

their

up

of Montebello.

castle

Letitia, who

Madame

took

day

next

not

of

were

yet

youth,

Above

all,

118

he had

the

to

even

of

glow

that

aware

dominion

and

and

able

the
Lake

and

it

the

the

meal, the

castle

played militarymarches

At

the

next

girl of sixteen,

Madame

Leclerc.

She had

the

her
me

to

down

her knee

her
on

which

her
the

she

when

gambols,and
herself
brother
next

used

minute

men

the

authorityof

the

she

in

become

to

the

was

most

est
prettilous.
frivo-

chattering
schoolgirl,

and

people,making

nothing,
faces

at

looking,poking
tion
pay enough atten-

not

was

not

every

now

she

During

Bonaparte,

also the

I did

to

in

airs.
patriotic

soon
"

was

of those

one

life

best band

everything

serious

sister-in-law when
with

was

of

manners

most

there.

Pauline

If,"he says,

continually,giggling at

imitatingthe

to

of Montebello

and

to

who

world, she

in the

person

"

on

perpetual

give

Guides, the

the army,

sat

of the

ments,
entertain-

this

"

dinner

of the

poet

ao-ree-

interesting. Arnault,

was

Souvenirs, describes
band

that

excureions

pleasures,which

his

then

yet

fully

excellence

Como,

fulness, made

fascinatingas

table

not

most

springtime,the

Lake

and

duties

variety and
as

The

banquets, the picnics,the

of

had

spirit."

then

was

of the

beauty

of

vexation

of Montebello

Maggiore

round

he

terminate, when

picturesque place.

climate, the

and

wishes

attained, in vanity and

castle

marshallinghim

was

and
possessionbringssatiety,

earthlydesires

The

which

Hope,

exalted

more

become
all

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

terrible

crush
would

commander

and

then

bringing

glanceswith

the most

obdurate

begin again,and
of
of the Army

COURT

THE

OF

before

Italy succumbed

119

MONTEBELLO.

giddinessof

the

young

girl."
dinner

After

back

coffee

drank

they

the terrace, not

on

the

parte
drawing-room till late,and Bonatook
part in the general conversation : he
of the company,
arranged the diversions
making
Madame
Leopold Berthier sing,and asking General

going

to

for stories

Clarke

fantastic

and

and

told

he

incidents,terrible
terrifying

ghost stories,which
by using his voice in a
have
the

envied.

At

later

months'

stay

Duke

hopeful,and
was

of

and

pleasures alone

the

frankest

occurred

to

and
mar

of

strangely

ablaze with

his

me," says
"of

What

it

was

this

us.

cordial

We

duties

ojir

all

and

then

desired

and

progress,

mont

master

for
was

describes
in his

every

by

at

his

were

his friends, Bonaparte, who

nation

enjoyinga
him

on

nothing

Surrounded

harmony."

three

tion
Then, ambi-

were

terms,

Mar-

busy, important,

importance ;

occupied

and

servants

the

on

family,his fellow-soldiers,his lieutenants,who

both

of

many

dance

to

Ragusa,

time

minor

most
our

the

was

to

recur

happy

thing

through
seemed

Montebello

at

evening

field

might

actor

an

five feet into the air.

or

memories

the

the

every

of fire-flieswhich

many

mont,

of

tures,
adven-

impressive

more

that

Milan

to

turf,springingfour

made

way

country, for

thousands

"How

he

end

the

guests returned

illuminated

himself,preferring

some

this

only

moment

concord,

peace,

of calm.

period,with

attitude,his expression,and

the

Marair of

his voice,

120

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

and

in

and

augment

public neglectingno
the

opportunityto

feelingof respect and

universal

his

subjection; yet, in private life,with

and

wife, his brothers

of

fun, yet

mother, his

sisters,his aides-de-camp,
pearing
ap-

affable
kindly,
fond

maintain

pointof familiarity,
offensive,taking part in the
to the

even

never

and
sports of his fellow-officers,

persuadingthe
Austrian
solemn
to join in them;
plenipotentiaries
of new
eloquence a number
utteringwith uncommon
and interesting
ideas, in a Avord, possessingat that
sible."
happy time a charm to which no one could be inseneven

"

"

As

for

Josephine, whose

naturallyher
the

she

one,

every

next

part

Milan, gatheredabout

urbanity,the
with

she

this

by

surrounded
and

woman,

the

crown

'

prophecy

adored

was

her, and

this

Memoirs

the

Marquis

be

to

who

man

of her

had

the

anecdote

of

exquisite

old
than

aroused

at

teller
fortunea

queen.'
She

once?

universal

could

tion,
admira-

delighta

yet felt the uneasiness

^
produces."

sometimes

to

which

concerninfjGeneral
Colbert

realized

not

highest,

drawing-room.

more

by everythingthat

her brow

The

unfailing kindness

the

will be

You

Bonaparte continued
and

admired

leaving Martinique,an

was

ha(}told her,
Was

to

intelligentladies

most

tact, and

rare

attracted
amiability
speak,to play

sovereign.

as

she did the honors

which

"When

trying,So

was

beautiful, the

most

and

grace

de Chabanais.

be

fascinated

his

tells will

Arnault
Auguste

by

de

wife,
show

Colbert, by his

son,

THE

COURT

Josephine's
power

When

sorrow.

Terror, she

reminded

she

had

children

to

One

day

at

was

to

You

"

bite the

turn
was

dogs.

wife's room,

erness
gov-

he

made

his

but

parted

I wanted

At

he

so

great

faults

had

killed

few

walking in

the

the

days

the

cook

afterwards

garden,and

"

he

stand
under-

leave,

to

Insolent
he

was

everybody,even
imprudence

the little fellow.

unhappy

it with

dog, a surly mastiff,who

cook's

the

dating,
accommo-

leg."

to bite

used

from

there,"

to

this

on

had

Montebello

not

was

of

put him

to

given

was

his

lying on

was

that fellow

see

favorite

he left his mark

despair,and

ruined.

the

might go away myself or share

to take or
annoyed, but it was

of the head
in

he

I married

When

continually
barking and
to

the

to

be

never

Montebello

like all favorites,Fortund

other

always

Arnault, pointing at the dog

yielded. The
and

news.

would

his mistress.

that I

and

all the

Josephine

rival.

jailerwas

9th

Bonaparte

him.

the

at

After

of my

out

the

her

see

letter with

sofa with

is my

Her

in

pet.

said

of

concealed

Thermidor
her

to

of

Reign

elsewhere.

her; and

with

great

Viscount

It occurred

meetings.
Fortune

the

the

come

but

of

Josephine's cell,carrying

to
a

permission to

take

from

little

extremely

time

incarcerated

was

these

at

present

of

had

was

imprisoned,in

was

their governess,

office,with

collar

She
she

her

separated

was

Beauharnais, who

way

her husband.

over

fond, though he

121

MONTEBELLO.

called Fortune, of which

dog

pug

OF

with

one

Josephine

thought

he met

fled in terror.

the
"

self
himeral
gen-

Why

122

do

from

away

run

you

"Well?"

"I

of

sight

"

Let

"

him

perliaps

he

and

will

wilful

and

win

battles,

do

could

not

put

of

dog

out

of

has

as

he

wants

The

intimidated

or

the

destroy
room.

tlest
genthe

might

Bonaparte

men.

create

sets

never

too."

him

him

Madame

much

Creoles

of

despotic
miracles,

as

the

you

since

with

way

indolent

most

most

he

make

in

"
"

hate

he

General,

come

parte.
Bona-

did

Haven't

especially

"

asked

would

you

me,

"

dog

my

dog

garden,

"

another

Your

way

that

"Excuse

the

this

what

afraid

me."

in

paw

after

was

longer?"

any

in

me

General,

"

BONAPABTE.

CITIZENESS

states,

but

124

CITIZENESS

the

always

eral

was

the

terror

who

had

of

the

BONAPARTE.

of the

man

13th

reaction, the

shattered

the

Venddmiaire,

sturdy Republican

Royalist bands.

He

thought

fittingfor a grand Republican ceremony

should
which
impress every one
by a spectaclein
harmony with the ideas and passionsof the soldiers ;
the

time

decided

consequently he
of the
his

upon

that

with

the

at

Milan

under
for

orders

gave

of

Jacobins.

This

Paris

versary
anni-

an

great militaryfestival

and

which

army

festival

to

as

serve

perfectharmony

in

and

make

so

many

impression

an

prologue

democratic

contained

to

was

hibit
ex-

purely Republican

day, with a programme

Revolutionary memories

sentiments

in

July 14, 1797, the

capture of the Bastille,he would

troops

aspect, and

tliat

18th

the

to

Fructidor.
This

is

drawn

1.

up

At

of

programme

by

salvo

At

of

it

as

was

"

twenty of

the

largest

the festival.

announce

general shall

The

festival

the

the commander-in-chief

daybreak a
shall

cannon

2.

be beaten

the

ten, when

in the

at nine

troops start, another

ing.
morn-

salvo

shall be fired.
3.

third salvo

shall

the commander-in-chief
and
the

another
same

time

peut-on itre
4.

At

salvo

noon

the

announce

for the

scene

shall be fired

all the

bands

on

shall

departure of

of the

festival,

his arrival.

play

the

At

air, Od,

mieux?

the troops,after having made

precisely,

JULY

some

in

about

square

then
brigadier-general;
and chief of brigadein the
adjutant-general

five for each

then

killed since the

Dubois
for

each

division

IV., the date of

Germinal, Year

23d

the

will be fired for each

cannon

and
La Harpe, Stengel,
generals,

of the

one

first six

Then

Pyramid.

125

MILAN.

form

will

manoeuvres,

AT

the battle of Montenotte.

5.

The
will

bardy

give

flagsto

the

battalion,and

each

6.

The

shall

men

of meat

rations

7. The

and

double

receive

8. Then
and

there

be

will

at
firing

by

cise.
exer-

target.

the three best shots.

with

match

drill and

with

prizesgiven to

followed
rapiers,

with

double

wine.

festival will terminate

will be three

and

pay,

First,artillery
practice; then
There

six

presents them.

he

shall be fired at the moment

cannon

division of Lom-

the

general commanding

broadswords
three

foot-race with

prizes.

regimental bands

9. The

dance-music, and

the

shall

be free to

stroll about

them

to

10.

Oflicers who
race

course

will

the horses

At

Country
shall

play

and

tunes

soldiers,having piledtheir
the

until

drums

arms,

recall

the ranks.

for the

11.

shall

must

be

horses

own

have
from

and

them

the

names

started at the last race,

shall be

to enter

registered.The
country-house from which

their

nightfallthe

care

Pyramid

illuminated, and

dances.
play patriotic

to

the Arch

and
bands

the

umph.
of Tri-

Altar

of

placed about

126

CITIZEN

It

his soldiers

among

the Italians,that

among

of

not

was

BONAPARTE.

ESS

of

and

arms

of Milan

alone, it

Bonaparte developed

physicalexercise.

The

transformed.

was

In

whole

the

also

was

love

tion
popula-

schools, the

streets, the

in children's games,
tion,
educadraAving-rooms,
habits,and publicopinion,there was
a
com})lete
no
change. At the theatre the Italian was
longer

beaten

as
represented

the Italian

Warlike

took the

serenades.
14

July

his

He

of

men

32d

the

embroidered

of
This

On

alism.
the

names

the

of

celebration

recalled

for their

have

to

"

Avhen

happy

at

was

ease

sole reward

those

regimentalflag.

fcAV

the
words

In his account

spoken

of the

"

rible
ter-

proud 57th, fullyrewarded

for

one

word, adopted henceforth

the

was

inflamed

the

Mars, which

since

pyramid
was

rose

the

men

battle

in the

decorated

Avho

with

of

anger

against Roy-

high pyramid

of the officers and

funereal

pride and

great manifestation

the sides of

field of honor

This

and

Terrible."

The

it

women.

the

celebration

the army;

And

Favorita, he had

l)ythis
"

Lonato

at

asked

57tli,"and

name

"

their

on

of the battle of

its losses

said

Milanese.

Every regiment

had

there !

was

the

happier or prouder than

never

was

the German.

away

Consequently,this

soldiers.

memories.
the 32d

was

it

placeof religioussongs

enraptured the

Bonaparte
among

drove

matador

militaryspiritfascinated

marches

amorous

the German

beat and

air and

martial

of

who

by

were

had
of

inscribed
fallen

on

Montenotte.

middle
all the

of

Field

attributes

JULY

representingthe
of

emblems

AT

victories of the army,

of
liberty,

the

indivisible,and

of the

After

manoeuvres,

different
around

square
wounded

the

marched

the

reached

front

of the

he

Verona,

your

at Verona

eyes
the

"

of your
;

officers of each

The

forward

went

to

in the

army

was

went

up

saved

who

It is easy to
with

the

garrisonat

their

these

''

said

Let

this army
tears

ran

tyranny."

proud, of themselves,

crowd
down

banners

their

"

always

to

the

While

Regiment

belong

have
to

an

ram2:)artof their bodies.

thousand

togetherin

men

defence

of

the brave soldier's face.

enthusiasm

and

band,

the

General, you

the hundred

imagine the
wounds

"

fied,
satis-

Citizens," said

the 9th

proud

men,

will make

before
be

must

fore
be-

see

murdered

flags.

to

men."

soldiers,you

libertyand victory!

Republic !

liberty."And

thousand

formed

the

glad

am

regiment,preceded by

Your

army,

compose

covered

light

comrades

Bonaparte,and

to

France.

the

of

perishedwith

receive

of

Regiment

marching by, a corporalof

invincible
Save

path

had

three

the commander-in-chief, "may

be

he

but their shades

tyrants have

the

When

troops.

Brave

Then

incessant.

carabineers, I

"

in

Drums

troops.

was

13th, which

names

the

by

worth

are

exclaimed,

the

you

alone

you

III.

and

veterans

of the 11th

Brave

"

and

of the Year

The

cannon

the

as

troops formed

the

the

the carabineers

you

In

of

well

as

Republic one

Constitution

l)y,saluted

he said,
infantry,
see

French

})yramid.

beating; the roar

general reviewed

were

127

MILAN.

of these

laurel, proud, and

courage,

their

heroes,

justly

triumphs,

128

and

with

indignant
did

Frenchmen

glory and
and

so

and

which

sarcasms

bkish

to

certain

this

all

against

utter

sacrifices,so

wonders.

their

carried

the

not

all these

many

powder,

BONAPARTE.

ESS

CITIZEN

unselfishness,

much

fumes

the

Inspired hy

of

general's Republican proclamation,

warlike

by

away

crowd, and

ardor, the Avild applause

the

grand militaryspectaclebefore
their eyes, by the clash of arms,
the sightof the flags,
of artillery,
the roar
the trumpets, the drums, and the
14th of July, Bonaparte's
patriotichymns, on this warm
of the

soldiers

blasphemous
In

the

To

defamers

to

Formbio

of

all the brave

May
us

their

libertyand
he

dinner

gave

Dubois, who
died

who

men

of the ambushes

be

set

near

by

Constitution

of

Directory of

the

the

us

the

III., and

Year

Republic !

French

will

Avarn
try."
coun-

our

the

"To

toast:

the

to

and

liberty!

of

of

enemies

the

the field

on

They

Berthier's

General

was

fell on

defence

in

toast:

Roveredo

at

the

to

proposed this

died

the

glory.

Stengel,who
Harpe, avIio died

of La

spiritsever

This

against

of the brave

field of Mondovi
of

of

veterans, at which

the shades

wrath

with

evening Bonaparte

officers and
"

wild

were

executive

May it, by its

high destinies

firmness, be worth}^of the armies

and

of the

all the foes of the

Republic,and

Revolution, who
band

played Ca

all scarred

with

no

ira.

it crush

may

longer mask
This

wounds,

was

who

of

the toast
had

lost
"

of the ^migr^s !
re-endgration
of
Lannes, still bearing the marks

the

themselves

limb

"

The

veteran,
:

"

To

Toast

of General

three

wounds

he

JULY

received

had

Arcole

at

Clichy!
revolutions.
May
Club

of

fall

assassinated

"

The

the

To

their

of the

wish

They

more

patriotsthey have
!

heads

own

of the

destruction
!

wretches

the blood

on

129

MILAN.

AT

"

The

band

played a charge.
In the
the

the Moniteur
This

who

of

Paris

more

to

it,and

shall

villains, you

have

and

fightyou

to

recollection

of

liberty.And
masters'

it.

have

we

than

more

true,

You
.

but
astute, faithless,

in

Does
that

shall

we

perished."

for war?

anxious

are

"

liberty;

Is it then

"

division

to

will have

Augereau

you

inserted

opened by Republicans

faithful

enemies

were

difficulties than

It will be

remained

Division
that

present

No.

have

defend

which

of

12.

August

of Massena's-

Vienna

to

addresses

is the address

the road

divisions

Directoryby Bona^^arte,and

the

to

different

the

day

Italyhad signed

of

Army

sent

of the

course

conspirator,

shall

You

all,you

are

have

it;

crafty,
cowards

are

the

steel,virtues,courage,

of

victories,the irresistible ardor

our

you,

of your

contemptibleinstruments
who,

crimes, you

in

your

delirium, dare

to

believe
;

yourselfpowers, when you are but vile reptiles

reproach us for having protectedyour
you who

property, for having carried

horrors

of war,

and

word,

who

have

death

the

lot

From

tremble

Sei^e is but

for
made

of

from

walls

your

saving the country

you,

the
in

infamy, outrage, and

of
the
defenders
Republic
scorn,

the

the

far

Adige

step ; tremble

to

the
Your

Rhine

and

the

iniquitiesare

130

CITIZENESS

counted, and

BONAPARTE.

their reward

is at

the

point

of

our

bayonets.'*
Division

Bernadotte

souls

generous

fact is true,
national

be

to

appeara

are

speak !

The

it, to

picture of
Division
and

at

the

with

Division

them

them

revoltingto

any

Republic !

to

from

the

to

who

polluted the

exist.

to
summon

the

It will

and

Meuse.

of

honor

our

of the

armies

We

brave
Rhine
yearn

France

purging

I the odious
from

shame

Capet

nation

to

of

under

the

yoke!

citizen whom
much

nation,

more

love
to

so

If this idea
of

country

the

is
has

soldiers

old

"

Baraguey
of hatred

of the Year

Delmas

who

Republican phalanxes,would

our

d'Hilliers:
to

"We

the

renew

the factions,of

war

of respect and fidelity

to
Royalists,

Division

soil of

doubtless

of

some

the

What

"

touched, how

death

conspiratorsvanish

parades his

bring

oath

but

of Sambre

always pursued by

solemn

have

from

Joubert

for six years

Division

the

foes."

its crudest

of the

such

led

aid, you

ceased

arms

Moselle, and

once

assured

chiefs who

same

wretches

them,

in

companions

now

but if the

which

arms

and

"

will have

share

sensitive

livkig."
S^rurier :
Speak,citizen Directors,
speak ;

suffice to crush

to

tion
constitu-

the

once

freedom

and

same

With

the

see

Our

believingit ;

to

averse

independence,the

wish

Republican

threatened.

phalanxes,still exist.
to

"The

to

the

the Constitution

III."
:

"

We

have

sworn

to

defend, to

132

speak,the inspiringspiritof

to

SO

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

intimate

already,in

convei*sation,indicating

he

was

his

and
plans of dictatorship
de

very

curious

revelation

Montebello

says, "at

took

Bonaparte

"

with

both

us

there
:

hours, during which

almost

incessantly.

said, is nothing. I
'

of my
here

the
a

Do

career.

Italyfor

in

million

Do

What
!

men

It is

but

others.

What

the

vanity;

which

but

at the army.

given the

French

for him.
me

from

my

The
and
and

the

it and

not

pass

in

triumphing
lawyers of

the

vices,is such

our

that

fascinates
like

away

have

we

and

shall

we
a

let themselves

least.

am

of

deposing
is

by

of government,

Give

they will

amuse

tation,
repu-

don't

rattle,and

themselves

be led, providedthat

ter.
mas-

phrases,

the French

them

have
thing
every-

who

see

illustrious

man

for theories

satisfied ;

the

many

alreadywon

Directorythink

demands

the

so

nothing of liberty.Look

soldier his real character.

the

establish

to

was

of
glory,the gratification

is

victories

Let

beginning

republic of thirty

speeches of theorists,which

understand

they are

will

command,

nation

chimera

they need
they know

The

it

morals,

our

been

talked

far,'he

so

the

at

dens
gar-

lasted about

done

gloryof

idea !

an

vast

general

I have

think

you

With

thing possible?
French,

think

Melzi, and

walk

only

now

be," he

to

and

the

Count

noticed

in the

I have

the greater

Directory?

republic!

time

am

you

walk
Our

What

'

happened

long

the

be

is to

Bonaparte

of this beautiful estate.

two

In

empire.

M^ilito's Memoirs

Miot

the 18th Fructidor,

one

with

hides

JULY

towards

end

the

AT

which

133

MILAN.

leads

one

them.

party

...

is

to

contribute

its

to

the

weaken

party

keep

shall

mean,

but

for

not

I
I

triumph.

and

Meanwhile,

Bourbons.

the

Republican

advantage,

own

of

favor

in

moving

in

line

not

shall

the

with

mean

day,

some

it
of

that

do

be

old

the

for

to

my

dynasty.

Republican

party.'"
had

He

was

at

the

betrayed

Revolutionary
and
for

that

the

he

by

sending

"

party,
We
who

may

say

possessed

exhibited

the

and
that

skill

de

the
and

day

these

Melito

Paris

genius

craft

of

his

he

direful

circumstances,

Italian

most

tlioroughly

fatal

most

thus

his

of

eyes

most

the

leader

this

to

and

more,

young

the

of

full
in

all

the

Augereau

Fructidor,

18th

years

assumed

before

aspect

few

Miot

to

that

thoughts,

that

moment

very

imprudently
secret

for

dissimulate

to

army,

prepared

to

the

tionary
reac-

results.

Bonaparte,
and

Machiavelli.

astuteness,

it

XIII.

BONAPAKTE

1797

IN

AND

Bonaparte

that

not

they

threatened

they

desired

to

with

things the
he

de

of the

I have

been

"with

Remusat,

having

dor; it is like blaming

It

was

necessary

Revolution, and

not

What!

consent

to

House

of

misfortunes

all

have

silenced

return

our

by

us

Change

flag,which

had

standard!

And
134

not
as

to

get

would
after
we

victorious

feared to
for me,

all

fact, he

was

Madame

to

18th

the

supporting

Fructi-

the

lution.
Revo-

profitfrom

some

be shed

have

had

was

to

the
us

departure, and
shown

flag for

mingle
I

reproached

their

tlie

in vain.

unconditionallyto

the desire

our

above

day

one

favored

surrender
who

dignati
in-

Apparently

in

let all the blood

Bourbon,

with

said

for

me

that

Empire.

he

blamed,"

but
His

Avas

ambition.

Republic ;

own

Royalistswas

throne.

reaction

personal

foundation

laying the
"

Royalist

the

to

way

the

ever,
how-

for his

Republicans,

the

of

but

in the

the

his

defending

was

Republic

bar

result

FRUCTIDOR.

Republican, not,

he condemned

What

advantage.

was

of the

account

on

18TH

THE

with

be

for their

the

the

white

enemy's

pacifiedwith

AND

BONAPARTE

is

how

known
if it had

that could

necessary,

and

perhaps the

been

whom

he sent

in

the

to

been

to

But

at

to

the

mission

confidence,
and

the

the

his

social

Paris,

to

the

18th

the

man

official representative

the

Directory as

child of the Paris

same

capitala

"

preparationsfor

his army,

time

he had

man

in whom

sent

on

he had

those of

were

the

on

the

the system of fusion which

policy,and

titles of

ribbons
the

to be

was

later to enable

prince and

duke

and

endow

Convention,

to

of Austrian

to former

to

of

the

most

Josephine'sold

for himself
appear

to

mined
deter-

the

quell

plotting

was

the basis of his

him

to

give the
of the

members
the

broad

Through Augereau, he
ardent

through Lavalette, he protected the

secure

ners
man-

of the

man

with
regicides

orders.

confidence

Emigres and

recent

Republicans; through Lavalette,

Royalists.Already, in fact,he

domestic

the

perfect

Lavalette,whose
aide-de-camp,

relations

and

suburbs,Auge-

regime. Through Augereau, Bonaparte

to act

itself

approaching coup d'etat,was

general,the

reau.

and

best counsel
have

Republican feeling of

the leader of the

Jacobin

to

time

manifested

never

game

official envoy

His

of the

won

second

would

them

given

double

clearlythan

Fructidor.

on

thoroughly

Bourbons

have

There

"

rid of me."

more

old

have

the

Bonaparte's

as

should

other

or

dethrone

to

been

duchy
I

135

FRUCTIDOB.

ISTH

some

certain:

thing

one

get

and

millions

few

THE

friends.

benefits
its

democrats

families
His

of the

excesses.

of the

plan was

coup

d'etat,

By sending

136

Augereau

rid

of

he

ways

displeasedhim

got

is

going

for he

The

he wrote
;

don't

would

his army

because

is

this double

as

look

could

who

those

about

Directorywas

to

Madame

de

weak

Lavalette

goings

words,

was

and
all

were

Bonaparte
already visible to

beneath
win

the

surface.

victorywhich

18th

The

the seeds of defeat.

the 18th

the

antagonism between

The

Barras, although latent, was

and

felt too

his

comings, his visits,his letters,and

closelywatched.

play,but

counterpoiseto

objectof suspicion,and

an

has

for its purposes,

and it
ever-growingreactionaryspirit,
of Italy,
to break with the conqueror

equally

he

factious man."

essential

serve

reau
Auge-

"

confide in him
He

as

his influence

to Lavalette

detected

Directorysoon

regarded Bonaparte

it

advantage,
noisy Jacobin

dreaded

so

disorder in the army.

sown

this

general whose

Paris

to

derived

also

that

demagogue

he

Paris

to

that

as

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

Fructidor

The

contained
to

was

duce
pro-

Brumaire.

Stael,whose

of influence,was

most

drawing-roomwas

eager

in defence

of the

centre

lic
Repub-

both
hostile to the reaction : she saw
bitterly
"Although Bonaparte,"
Augereau and Lavalette.
she said, was
always talkingabout the Republic in

and

"

his
was

careful
proclamations,
in his eyes

light that
The
of
who

rumor

he
ran

means,

observers

not

an

Lombardy. One
had just come

day
from

to
met

It

end.

regarded everybody
that he wanted

discerned

and

make

was

in

it

this

everything.
himself

General

Italy,and

was

that

King
Augereau,
everywhere

AND

BONAPARTE

looked

and

upon,

I think

him

I asked

This

he's too

'

himself

degradingthing that

should

wish

Why

purposes.

to

No, certainly
not,'

'

would

so

of the

have

ered
considguished,
distin-

however

man,

this view

was

thing.'

the ideas

for selfish

the Revolution

use

lican.
Repub-

Bonaparte was

trained for such

well

Republicans

Earnest

it

king.

fitted well with

singularanswer

moment.

ardent

an

that

true

was

137

FRUCTIBOB.

18TH

as
rightly,

if it

thinkingof making
he answered

THE

shortlived

among

affected

genuine

the French?"!

At

this

period
of

adoration
at

the

"

praiseof

says, "her

pass, she

before
was

me

so

for
more

tidor.

Madame

to

de

than
"I

de

room

back

to

to

all the
we

see

her

one,

Stael's

next

at

that
and

urged on

convinced,"

Considerations

time
for

day ;
her

on

Lavalette

the

My
little

she

at

received

afterwards."
two

sions:
pas-

Republic. She,

the coup

upon

of

laughed

nourished

the

the

see

I think

was

of the house

I often called

Stael

am

the

she

even

rose

let the others

! should

What

that

the master

Bonaparte
any

'

of

side

I drew

as

dinner," he

Italyhad
inspiration.When

into

of

Minister

whole

the conqueror

manifest

so

kindly that

Madame

the

During

at dinner

aide-de-campof Bonaparte?'

an

embarrassed, and
I went

her

met

Talleyrand, the

stopped,and said,

confusion

her.

de

all went

and
portrait,

going

Lavalette

exaggeration of

table,we

hero's

M.

Affairs.

Foreign

from

of

Stael

de

Bonaparte.

house

fire and

Madame

d^etat of Frucsays

French

further,

Revolution.

138

"

CITIZEN

that

be

she

had

inflicted

such

zeal in

the

deed

about.

She

by

on

known

not

foreseen

the

defeated

urging

her

records

her

on

account

of relations

found

Republican zeal,

bring

to

of the 17th

that

for

saw-

alarmed

helped

great

well-

most

fear of arrest.
felt alarmed

she

Royalists.

hiding-placefor

never

was

evening

houses

with

herself
had

so

left their

spite of

friends

She

in the

was

In

cruelties that would

party,but

words

that

alarm

persons

the

them."

which

Fructidor, the

BONAPARTE.

ESS

her in

One

of her

little room

overlookingthe bridge Louis XVI. ; there she passed

the preparationsfor the
the night, looking out on
which
to take place a few hours
terrible events
were
later.
all

Only

the

soldiers

citizens

to

were

be

indoors.

were

seen

in the streets

The

cannon

which

building in which sat

Corps L^gislatif(the Palais Bourbon) rolled
the pavement ; but, with that exception,absolute

were

massed

about

General

Augereau

of the

Five

the

the

prevailed. In

the

had

morning

was

learned

over

ness
still-

that

cil
led his troops into the Coun-

Hundred,

deputies.

it

and

of the

Two

arrested

there

Directors

the

were

actionary
re-

scribed,
pro-

driven in
were
representatives
fifty-one
through the agitatedcountry, and sent, in
wagons
iron cages, to deadly exile in Cayenne ; the owners,
and

editors, and
likewise

writers

were
forty-onenewspapers
of forty-eight
transported
; the elections

all

cancelled

deputieswere
silenced
out

the

of the

of

priestsand

country : such

the

press

was

dmigr^s were
were

the

gagged and
again driven

consequences

of

140

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

the

has

government
him:

from

that

you

last

remain

regard for
but

large;

at

on

has

can

the

of the
I have

weeks

of my

desk

lingereda
should

General

you

few

days

about

the

said, "that
conduct
me."
saw

in

you
But

Lavalette
that it

was

18th

The

one.

are

that

the

to

see

about

of

resentati
repFor
you

Lavalette

Paris, lest his liastydeparture

the

to

do

18th

Fructidor

"Do

don't be alarmed

useless

to

have

would

he

have

smiled, and

visited

anything for
Bonaparte with great

could

if he

Arcole.

ought

he
starting,

Before

than

enthusiasm
battle

You

"

papers."

my

generalspoke about

indifference, and
more

place

fact,here is the key

this

seize

may

Augereau,

much

has taken

my

right to punish blindlythe

people,to break every law.
written
nothing else ; and if

be ascribed to fear.

The

him.

sent

convinced

be

never

yourselfof

to convince

wish

moment

what

on

to

Bonaparte,you

betrayed no

I have

calamity;

government
six

this

share

not

their way

on

repliedwith perfectcoolness

quite mistaken
a

tell

to

conduct."

your

Lavalette

is

are

General

I have

secretaryto enlightenhim
and

painted

I want

should

you

who
conspirators

of

Out

Guiana.

have

cussed
Directory seriouslydis-

question whether

of the

fate

the

colors

letters

is well

events

that you

blackest

evening

private

no

recent

on

doubt

not

the

in

the
the

do

we

conduct

our

opinion

your

and

known,

received

you

thanked

shown

know,"

you

been

with

for your

shot
may

he

count

him;

put this kindness

on

but

he

to

the

BONAPARTE

AND

test, and

the

Paris

1st

the

to
proceeding'

For

his

addressed
"

the

nation

had

and

console
and

and
You

irons.

of the Executive

specialenemies

us

will

be

honor
in

immortality."
It was
not
Bonaparte

of

years

later,at the

legitimacywith

so

the

knew

to

chains

it,you

learn, from

Italy.

spoke
they

the

lamation
proc-

proudest

This

preference

title to

who

the

particularlyof

traitors,tyrants,and

alone

thus

slaves

glory

and

played

the

was

rand,
Talley-

bishop, Talleyrandwho, some

Vienna
Congress,was to speak
much

great

fate

by

Europe,

over

part of the fanatical Republican : there

too, the former

be

Tliis is the

seized the traitors

of

of

history our

it will

Soldiers, far from

soldiers,and

Army

hatred

troops :

1st Vende-

the

is called

you

will

his

Directory,the plots of

of the

the divisions of the

his

annals.

world.

for you

before

Fructidor, had

French

triumphant

people awoke

alreadyin

does

18th

nation

the

the

Republicans,

foundation

the

great

prepared

of it ; the

of

up

world's

dates

the

been

celebrate

posed

celebrate

to

the

and

country,

your

are

in

which

astonish

to

were

Republic.

dear to the

most

renown

from

about

are

left

Directory,the

followingproclamation to

miaire, a date
of

of the

supporter of the

Soldiers,we

day
day

VI.

Mars

entirelymade

was

ardent

an

de

He

authorities

constituted

Champ

Italy.

the

part, Bonaparte, who

which

army,
as

the

of the Year

day

left for

Vend^miaire, when
all the

141

FBUCTIBOB.

18TH

he

day

next

ministers, and

first

THE

"

fervor.

He

wrote

of

to Bona-

142

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS
k

four

parte

conspiracy,and
been

long

it had

wholly

indifferent
insult

an

insulted; the
had

it,and

been

sixteenth

death

Royalty,

the

fullest details of

general asked,
boldness

was

the evidence
.

else

Then

but
he

when

On

spur
the

the
to

18th

the

as

this

in the

can

revolution

will

not

the

cowardice

flagrant,and
condemn

real

of

him.

nothing

use

garden

leave

In fact, the
was

to

took

he

The

processes,

justice is

master,

his walk

nation."

Fructidor

Bonaparte.

is

one

the

rashness, when

was

enough

well- when

lie gave

piece of

treason

than

one

added,

whole,

his

was

found

happened.

such

why

It

d'Orl^ans."

scornful

such

recall

Paris, he

had

that

Then

more

continued

Finally,he
"

the

to

day speedy

should

who

riano, and

with

Why,

is very

Passe

critical
hypo-

back

us

first

from

back

enough?

was

Force
.

''

carried

of '93, or

was

returned

honored.

one

everything

try Pichegru;

to

not

at

had

any

got

weakness

much

so

Constitution

installed

Bonaparte

and

to

patriot had

institution

France

The
.

for

Lavalette

When

of

had

visible

of

name

suddenly

century.

real

Already

become

Republican
foes

had

decreed

was

had

welcomed

fanaticism
the

Constitution.

The

every

"

profit of Royalty,

and

eyes.

bitterest

Fructidor

the

to

off its mask,

cast

become

18th

the

plottingagainst the

the most

to

after

days

better."

in silence.

Lavalette,

prove

good
of

conqueror

Directory;

it

was

XIV.

PASSERIANO.

the

of

middle

TOWARDS
Bonaparte, accompanied
left after

had-

Leclerc,
the

at

had

"

Pauline's

taken

negotiations with
This

was

former

four

the ruins

of

leagues

he

got the

appeared
relations

rank

the

great

store

18th

Austrian

that

he

to

the

the famous
his

of

and

the

Taglifrom

three

appeared

as

against the Royalists

Fructidor, from

odium, he

which
at

conservative, and

once

in

his

plenipotentiarieshe
that

himself

his

was

wife

in

speaks
Austrian

nobilityand

was

of

He

of

noble

birth

his

Memoirs.

diplomatist,he
the

membered
re-

high

gentleman.

pretensions to

Metternich

by

matic
diplo-

government.

warrior

the
a

pleasure

Prince

According

the

his

the

secured

with

already manifested
which

Here

light of

the

with

and

Being

Udine,

profitwithout

in

Friuli,

conclude

to

left bank

from

Aquileia.
d'etat of

the coup

the

in

Austrian

the

on

was

peace-maker.

by

General

with

quarters

the

his family

"

country-placebelongingto Manin,

doge, and

amento,

fine

wife,

marriage

his

up

his

Passeriano, there

of

castle

by

September, 1797,

antiquity
143

set

of his

144

family.
''he

More

"

lias tried

nobility.
'

say.

back

There

birth.

The

partes

are

because

we

been

seldom

than

Marquis
de

time

been

reign

and

his rank

"

and

with
familiarity

time

not

remarks

certain

with

his proper

which

place,in

levity,but
he

was

which

famous,

not

good

who

sume
pre-

Count
Cobenzl

pean
principal Euroin

Russia, during

read

in

doubt

would

from
met

the

especial

"Proud

the

the

that his

ners
man-

whelm
easilyover-

of the

French

air and

remained

of

Memorial

the camps

greeted soon
he

Louis

diplomatist.

winning.

courts

generalwho had risen

Revolution; consequently he
a

Bona-

Great, whose

in

with

of low

Count

the

importance,"we

of Saint Helena., he had

am

Count

Austrian

the

succeeded

family

Gallo, General

to

long

Catherine

had

he

esteem

of

ambassador

of

my

coxcombs

Ficquelmont.

to

"

leading

for

used

island, and

the

his

on

The

the two.

were
plenipotentiaries

M.

that

us.'

on

trace

gentlemen,

of

and

envy

doubts

any

left the

many

down

only

say that I

others

Corsican

courts, and
the

lies between

have

Metternich,

he
singularposition,'

genealogistswho

Mersfeld, and

had

throw

to

are

Cobenzl, the

He

that

me

in

Austrian

at

able

Prince

am

good

to look

was

to

prove

truth

better

The

once," adds

deluge,and

the

to

deal

'

than
to

have

calumny

de

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

the

put
ever

eral
gen-

him

first
in

after."

of the
accomplished man
world, a true representativeof the old regime. He
who told most cleverly
was
a brilliant and witty talker,
M.

de

Cobenzl

was

an

145

PASSEBIANO.

stories of every
his

skill,and

social

Bonaparte,who

of

Marquis

Neapolitan,and
chose

Austria

Yours

the

old

Viennese

who

feared

himself

lost.

of the

manners

he

"

"

And
have
Has

lest these

to

of

he

was

to the

such

court

regard

that

plenipotentiaries.

name," Bonaparte said

him.

saw

of

Gallo

since

not

You

"

"

to

the

the old

remarks

down

are

Naples ?

of Austria

Emperor
stamp?

Is all the

The

should

come

cabinet, at

right,"

the French

with

treat

to

ambassador

am

when," asked

I had

the Vienna

smoothing

supple,and
;

Naples

aristocracyextinct?"

officialnotice

an

for

Madame

acute,

won

of its

one

negotiatorsof

more

got

amused

the

from

lie liad

Marquis

at peace.

any

became

famous

was

Austrian

an

German

Naples."

are

not

for

him

general dryly,
We

he

most

ambassador

is not

answered

from

him

in

was

first time

the

him

greatly

Gallo,

There

Vienna.

"

he

found

conciliatingman,
of

Europe

of Versailles.

old court
The

of

court

once

Bonaparte, who

Marquis,
to

the

devoted
at

once

satisfied with having

gentle,being perfectly
the Marquis which
he never
advantage over
The
dor
Marquis of Gallo, who later was ambassa-

from

the

then

ambassador

Bourbons

of
from

Naples

to

sul,
the First Con-

King Joseph Bonaparte

to the Emperor Napoleon, confessed
to him frankly,
when
speaking of their first meeting,that no one had
in his life so frightened
him.
ever
The two other plenipotentiaries
General von
were
of
Mersfeld, a distinguished
officer,an upright man,

146

CITIZENESS

fine manners,

and

versed

meetings

Ficquelmont, who

in

residence

diningat

each

than

at

wholly without

nowhere

of

us

yet

of

our

well

so

It

known,

at

was

adds

He

of

devoted

and

him

on

us

the

that

General

his mind

was

to

each

the

tivation
cul-

used

to

lessons

in

Desaix

other.

"had

of them

me

not

as

forgottenmy
he

as

forming

more

parte
Bonasaw

me.

his desire to

It

campaign.

full of memories

Desaix,"

"

of

was

company
ac-

from

campaign

this classic

liked to talk about

the East."

visited

General

soon

Bonaparte

his next

he took great pleasurein

plans about

develop

days together,and

several

Ragusa,

Egypt. Bonaparte

land

to

principles,

this visit that dates the first thought of the

in

was

ourselves

Berthollet

established

General

expressed to

most

qualitythat

quickly realized,about

he reminded

back

comes

descriptive
geometry."

"

attached

Duke

prophecies,so
;

it had

"

seriano,"
Pas-

at

stay

strengthand
neglect study and

They spent

much
the

Our

"

our

he

Passeriano

Bonaparte.
became

life there

Monge

of which

negotiators

Montehello, but

evening ; Monge giving

every

ipotenti
plen-

tions
Distrac-

We

did not

we

mind.

science

now

at

other's houses.

Ragusa,
;

exercise,to maintain

teach
that

memory

repeated.

skill

our

my

Their

of the Austrian

charm.

says the Duke

pleasantlyto

statecraft.

Udine, alternately.The

fewer

not

active

Austrian

oughly
thor-

was

Bonaparte's headquarters

at

at the

at

were

de

held

Passeriano, and

was

M.

in all the

were

took turns

BONAPARTE.

history,and
or

ble
less feasi-

148

no

CITIZEN

suited

way

order

supreme

he

power

knew

He

Bonaparte'sviews.

attain

to

BONAPARTE.

ESS

that in
need

should

the

and

although he had so often declaimed

against tyrants, he thought it better to show some
for the sovereignswhom
within
consideration
few
a
clergy;

should

he

years

he

which

have

treat

to

adopted

brothers.

as

Passeriano

at

The

tude
atti-

bespeaks such

observer might have

clear-sighted
already detected, in this tool of the Directory,the
and
First Consul
Emperor.
By his education, his
A

calculations.

tastes, his

marriage, his

belonged to

both

the old

of
dreams.

to

period of
Europe.

aid he

ambition

My campaign

"

day

one

his

Madame

de

his life.
On

the

was

not

the

Revolution.
the

of

realization
a

bad

an

means

speaking of
important person
of my

It's

always

I received

wrote

to

me,

secured

the

Monk's

if I had

burned

and
uneasy
Never

in his

Pope
his

was

me,

that

on

the
form

cause
party, be-

is,but of what

example.

for

The

if

they
only

der
Preten-

flowery style.
hesitating,

by not going to Rome than

imporcapital. Finally,I became tant

more

formidable

about

deceive

this

of the

order

magnificent offers

most

follow General

would

to

of what

think

they never
want.

easy

his

one," he said

day, I encouraged the Revolutionarysystem ;

the emigres ; I let them
other, I secretlywon
hopes.

fication
grati-

R^musat,

hand, by

one

principles,he

could, for

and

I became

"

and

societyand

each he took what

From

ideas

could

yet the Directory,which

bring no

was

charge againstme."

which
the skilful dissimulation,

was

one

principalqualitiesof Bonaparte's character,

the

of

ingenious and

more

Directory:
too

the

long

been

entrusted

employed

much

the

may

have

it for the

and

take

will

doubtless, in

my

The

whom

three

reward

it
no

ii

no

virtue,

is my

own

country. My

health

and,
indispensable,
The

government

my

request of
of

commission

cists
publi-

plenipotentiaries

new

one

the command

who

take

can

of the
my

place

jealous and

but

suspicious;

it would

it rivalled him

ready
it al-

find its master

in

dissimulation,

made
and, in refusingto accept his resignation,

friendship which

Bottot, Barras's

after his return

his last moments
his heart

in

posts."
equallyinteresting

Bonaparte ;

sincere.

so

negotiations
; and, finally,

presentimentthat

of

settlingare

now

with

entrust

can

am

place.

Italy;

the

Directory was
had

its

free

know

is

appointed

renew

or

for

in these

in

accordance

organize a

generalto

army,

can

ago, have

continue

country

of

render

can

nothing

to

case

every

''

war,

to

has

power

In

of my

My

wholly destroyed; health

week

great

who, believingin

arrangements

the last service

I mingle

posterity."October 1,
Talleyrand: All that I am now

to

the

the

to

requiresthat

good

the verdict

wrote

wrote

hands.

my

suspected mine.

doing, all

to

for those

worse

conscience

1797, he

condition

of citizens.

mass

He

refined.

more

moral

My

"

with

I have

is

149

PASSEBIANO.

at

that cruel

from

anything

were

secretary,wrote
Passeriano

Passeriano

had

thoughtshad

testations
pro-

to

to

but

parte,
Bona-

Paris,that

sorelydistressed
accompanied

him

150

to

the

of

conqueror

which
the

although
was

only

yet
with

been

affection

and

lessened

the

to

act

In

sides

hostility

plain

which

mere

violence

by

of

the

these

seeing

of

and
18th

vring,
manoeu-

Bonaparte,
influence,
was

for

tions,
protesta-

political
and

the

felt

these

secret

eyes,

that

Directors

Barras

Josephine's

clear-sighted
of

spite

were

between

by

the

but

dispelled

Italy.

both

on

Directory

the

had

thoughts

admiration

of

clooi-s

very

cruel

the

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

to

Brumaire.

cease

XV.

JOSEPHINE

Bonaparte

WHILE
went

had

been

Its

old

provisional

had

the

it

negotiations
of

haughtiness

French

had
It

entreaty.
it, and
but

to

and

his

he

Austria
did

plans

were

not

and

had
in

the

about

to
to

show
ruin.

proud

ence,
independ-

former

as

tude
atti-

obsequiousness

and

to

to

conqueror

unheard-of
to

visit

ovations

abandon

Mantua

and

himself

in

He

were

and

decided

for

return

the

Bonaparte

young

already

dare

of

most

of

uneasiness
Its

hostility

the

besought
him

its

secret

one

republics.

The

preserve

the

Padua,

colors

formed.

yer,
law-

of

Brescia,

Passeriano.

at

become

promised

Bonaparte

without

not

was

head

national

16.

May

principles

was

to

which

and

separate

the

Italian

the

hoped

Republic

but

the

confederation

all

were

since

the

at

Bergamo,

adopted

Revolution

Venetian

overthrown,

Udine,

were

adopted,

been

himself

Josephine

Venice,

at

garrison

government.

Everywhere

days

French

put

Bassano,

French

Passeriano,

at

few

had

aristocracy

Dandolo,

to

by

VENICE.

was

spend

to

occupied

Vicenza,

AT

the
a

ice
Ven-

Adige,

city;which

clearly perceived
151

152

CITIZEN

that

after

BONAPABTE.

ultra-democratic

the

proclamationswhich

written, after the solemn

he had

busts of Junius

and

bound

and

hand

Marcus

if he

were

foot, to

an

inconsistent

very

ESS

appear

give over

republic,

to

on

which

expiringcitypromised him,

to

have

did not

the Venetian
She

was

to

affable and
no

husband

have

and

at fault

nor

loyal; the

But

would

be the

their
Yet

its

she

got

to

go

seeing this
her husband's

all lier usual

Doges, with
To

"

her

see

class of

every

dark

suspectedthe

She

of Marmont.

amiability.

Republic.

neutralityhad

Veronese

the

crime.

see

the

illustrious

was

to

lation
dissimu-

so

society,
her

planswhich

weaving against the independence

was

the- noble

spiritof

seem

simple pleasure-party.

smiling towards

so

would

one

the escort

kindliness, and

grace,

to

city,and

City of

the

appeared at

he would

that; but Josephine,who

as

under

gone

applause

diplomaticsecrets, might

famous

leave to go there

the

leaving Italywithout

to

and

Mark

His

part.
as

festivities

averse

wonderful

far

so

go

admitted

not

was

traitor's

played a

If he had

emperor.

to receive

the

of

Brutus, he would

of Saint

the square

Paris

sending to

punishment

feelingsof
terrible

that most

Vespers
the

was

neither

had

been

"

prudent
a

terrible,and

patriotswho

sight,

Venice

Doubtless

been

grave
what

were

annihilation

the

of

soon

of

country?"
Venice

populace

still

still nourished

believe what
with

was

illusions;

so

easy

credulous
is it to

land,
nobilityof the mainlong-livedjealousyof the aristocracy

one

its

rejoicing; the

hopes.

The

of

the

oligarchy which

pleasure the

with

lagoons, saw

153

VENICE.

AT

JOSEPHINE

it detested.

fall of the

middle

The

classes,

emancipated,noisilyAvelcomed
fancying themselves
As to the rabble,they
the triumph of French
ideas.
thought
the

future

themselves

enthusiasm.

being unable
held

the

days

his

will

Venice

at

of

Veronese,

Madame

it

Avas

its

marble

admiration

Doges

!
and

Greater

The

of

Council

pains

is most

at

ify
gratfour
chantment.
en-

beautiful

magnificent
pieces
frescoes,the masterPaul

Palmas,

two

Saint

Mark,
in

its

derful
won-

treasures

is overwhelmed

when

he

Chamber,

picturescondenses

man

could

Palace, rich

visitor

respect

the

palaces and

pictures and
its Piazza

world,

perpetual magical

the

cathedral, its Ducal

memories

before

spared no

Tintoretto, Titian, the

with

the

Bonaparte spent

one

City of
of

its wealth

in

wife, to devise what

flatter her.

monuments,

and

best

their fate in his hands,

The
with

the

prostrate themselves

to

receptionof
and

scarcelyconsidered

delightedwith the festivities,

they gave
with
up to the pleasures awaiting them

Venetians, with

The

who

past, and

southern

true

of the

more

no

the

enters

which

with
brated
cele-

in its

derful
won-

the

historyof the Queen

of the Adriatic
justas the grand galleryof Versailles
the history of the Sun
records
King ! Here one
sees

popes

come

to

seek

shelter

in

Venice, emperors

entreatingits alliance,accepting its

sees

its fleets

mediation

conquering islands,its

ramparts, its victories

on

land

and

armies

sea,

and

; one

scaling
in

the

154

CITIZEN

middle

of the

radiant

woman,

and

of all the

hundred

the

to

about
care,

The

first

hundred

windows

this

gloomy

by
Rial to.

I'oofs that
or

second

The

covered

gondolas were

sea

flame

of

ball in the

Marmont,

Ducal
of

"

and

but

one

with

There

it.

the

over

the
the

course

canal

the

to

boats; all the

and

flowers

were

boats, propelled

narrow

contended

garlands.

all illuminated

fireworks

water,

the

gives to Venice,

of

the endless

movement

it look like

such

selves
them-

day, another excursion, but by night,when

reflected in the
a

cessor.
suc-

spectators filled the

houses, gondolas,
were
palaces,
like

was

beginning of
day, a tripin

the

grand reception.
in gala dress.

overlooked

long

the

trouble
had

the

at

for

room

not

Canal

man,

one

from

third

six

eleven

left empty

Bonaparte

fiftythousand

Anafeste,

who,

sign; they

and

but

ran

did

Grand

traits
por-

portraitof

no

Avas

the

five

the

day

and

boat-races

which

Venetians

give Madame

to

"

the

just been deposed by

only place
there

of the

series

last, Manini,

of

its wealth

Luca
the first,

singular omen

filled the

But

The

is the

there

of his election

time

then

afterwards,had

Manini

Doge

the

doges, from

years

the French

displayof

smiling at

697,

in

the form

the Republic,in
ceiling,

grandeur ;

elected

BONAPARTE.

ESS

and

was

colors

were

evening

closed

with

"If

one

reflects,"says

advantages which its situation

the beauty of its architecture,of
of crowded

moving city,if

circumstances

it

of many

the

Palace.

called

one

forth

boats, which
thinks
in

this

make

of the efforts

imaginative

156

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

fate.

same

The

great

whose

saint

relics

in the

are

beginningof the ninth century

of Justinian
Participaziono longer
by the liberality
Ah !
protectedthe citywhich had so trusted in him.
founded

church

what

had

in the

become
looks

"

of her who
sea

her tiara of

Rising with

proud

ocean,

towers

airydistance,with majesticmotion,

At
A

of the waters

ruler
"^

In

The
And

she

youth

Her

'

all

was

byword

very

And

Europe's

Witness

from

o'er

that
no

doges

no

and

the

"

victory,
through fire

subjectearth

saw

and

sea

time

more

Vouch

it,ye

Lepanto's fight!
nor

"

It is all over;

Tyre,

new

'gainstthe Ottomite.

bulwark

names

slaves,herself stillfree,

many

waves

are

ye

"

Troy's rival, Candia!

Innnortal
For

glory,

:
"S^

Lion,'which

she bore

blood

sprung

of the

Planter

their powers

and
^

Though making

of the

from

Cybele,fresh

tyranny

blight."

can

Childe Harold, Canto

shall be

Adriatic !

the

seen

And

IV.

wedding

where

is the

barge resembling Cleopatra's,

Where
?
the huge carved boat, with golden rigging
in
the Doge put forth from Venice
is the time when
the Bucentaur, and, proceedingin triumph to the
Bucentaur^ the famous

passage

of the

Lido,

cast

into

the

sea

consecrated

words:
Besponsaring,uttering these sacramental
in signum verl perpetuique dommiW'
mus
te^ mare^
"Sea, we
marry
you in sign of true and everlasting
'"''

"

dominion

the

"

The

ambassadors

Pope'snuncio, seemed

of every

by their

power,

presence

even

to recog-

AT

JOSEPHINE

the

nize
has

become

of

intended

fear

lest

some

English

there

was

have

its

but

should

it

better

and

glory
The

to

appear

on

cries
the

The

itself
the
of

Creole
amid

instead

in

coffin

joy

woman,

the

of

of

and

who

lagoons

sounds

have

presided
formidable

of
been

over

doge,
have

must

like

the

ence
independ-

its

should
which

joicing,
re-

would

folly

its

to

and

seemed

gondoliers

majestic

proud

sackcloth,

on

authority

not

was

put

Also
which

in

were

by

way
it.

Gold,

of

Venice,

decked

Its
of

song

foreigner,

Book

the

burn

to

been

frigate

some

on

decided

was

had

it

of

tow

themselves,

thrown
I

first

captured

famous

it

wail.

festivities

be

have

which

better

in

inscribed.

names

been

surprised

it

What

marriage.
At

France

monarchs

funeral

to

even

with

irony.

it

cruiser,

had

mystical

Buceiitaiirf

that

their

flowers

this

burned

patricians,
have

the

send

to

for

but

of

validity

157

VENICE.

real

been

queen.

XVI.

CAMPO

FORMIO.

diplomaticnegotiationsstill went

THE

time

coming

was

when

near

but the

on,

they would

have

to

be

settlement
to be broken
off.
or
brought to some
Bonaparte'ssituation,in spiteof wonderful
victories,

continued

opposed
only

to the

succeed

from

the

difficulties.

ultimatum,

that

would

By

the

mined,
exist

had
and

settlement
and

on

came

his

to

which

assumed

himself

and

this

had

in his communications

confidence.
168

In

this

once

it

double
the

he had

pared
pre-

Foreign Affairs,

foreseeingthe agreement

between

and

government,
of

he

had

principal

send

letters
j)i'ivate

Minister

the

He

Austria,

Austrian

his

Paris

of

about

was

the

Talleyrand,the
for

that

any

overthrow

once

Directory than

for

own.

from

messenger
at

could
At

constructed.
carefully

so

Bonaparte

other for his

it.

upon

sense

and

government,

Luxembourg

one

acting in

was

his will

arrive

fear of the

was

of his

might
had

he
scaffolding
more

He

by imposing

despatch

critical.

orders

there

moment

with

be

to

already deter-"
which

was

to

great lord, he
airs of

correspondence

sympathy
he

made

CAMPO

short

of the

work

Italian

in the streets

picked up

of the

and
"I

said:

about

except

army,

forces

He

propaganda.
in my

159

FORMIO.

have

fifteen hundred

of the different

fellows.
thievish, good-for-nothing

are

tionary
revoluItalians

no

vagabonds
cities. They
You

agine
im-

that

libertyproduces great results from a

dinia,
The
weak, superstitious
people.
King of Sarwith
battalion
and
a
a
squadron, is stronger
than
is a
all the Cisalpinepeople together. That
.

historic fact.

If

we

policyof 1793,
because

policy,and
recruit

we

lasts

sacrifice

only fit to put

is

have

make

done

no

longer

or

that

but

the

should

we

avo

from,

which

that

have

this very
order

an

the ruin

time."

short

have

we

moment
to

he

of

enthusiasm
anxious

Being

They

"

without

race,

no

need."

he

received
all

to

great masses

wrote,

revolutionize

opposite

from

to

are

land

the

Italy.

or

tory
Direc-

This

was

tain
plan,because he was anxious to mainPapal States,the kingdoms of Naples and

Sardinia, and

to

give

the

Directorydesired
Republic,but also to
exception

of their views
would

those

the

take
mis-

of his

the

without

mations
procla-

greater

with

first outburst

Venetians,

water, of whom

all the

well

feeble, effeminately
cowardly

At

into

romantic
stuff.
printedspeechesis mere
external
to happen to adopt the
were

and
...

All

have

was

dared

up

not

Venice

only to

transform

into

act

Austria, while
the Venetian

save

all the

Italian

republics. The

complete.
to

to

in

No

one

but

oppositionto

States

divergence
Bonaparte
the

letters

160

CITIZENESS

and

spirit of

BONAPARTE.

the

government's instructions,but

already he

depended only

attention

the

to

he
Directory,

October

and,
inspirations,
with

the

four

to be

decisive.
would

Count

never

that

"

that

day

it with

it into

monarchy

it

and

the

would
as

Great

might

the

pine
Cisal-

fi'om

greement.
disa-

stamping
well,

war;

boast

to

every

are

given him,
floor,shivering

See !

"

he

be your
over

shouted
Austrian

"

Then

he

room.

Count

if the

Cobenzl's

Count

had

destroyedthe

he said ?

termined
de-

was

had

the

upon

montlis

negotiationshad

have

disavowed

used

playing everythingon

smashed

sure,

in

want

"

of the

in

seizinga magnificentporcelain

the

before three

out

had
so

"You

tria
Aus-

except

fury,and

fragments.
promise you, shall

Bonaparte was
he

in

de Cobenzl

all his

that

resulted

scene

arose

And

remain

thousand

again; "such,

destined

was

announced

should

Catherine

dashed

rushed

M.

interview

an

Bonaparte, however,

violent

it !

which

teaset

had

Mayence

ground, exclaimed,

shall have

you

16, he

renounce

Bonaparte
the

followed

Cobenzl

Mantua

Republic.

on

Paying no
only his own

which
plenipotentiaries,

for Mantua.

exchange

himself.

on

Was

broken

Austrian

it certain

him

at

was

his word

off,that

monarchy

that he would

so

not

he
ily
eas-

be

Paris
have
Directory? Would
and refusingto
Venice
pardoned him for sacrificing
revolutionize all Italy? Did he not run
the risk of
that same
evening a despatch which would
receiving

by

the

porcelain,but

taken

been

throw

one

CAMPO

upset his whole

work?

boldest

the

adopted

might

hastened

wrath, he

obstacle,whether
and
Directory,

of those

one

knew

He

very

As

its ratification.
loud

Charles

four

And,

in

be

to

hours, and

of

sprang
the

notice

not

treaty

dare

sent

to

low

were

refuse

to

the room,

he in

the Archduke

be resumed

many

good

own

in

twenty-

carriage without

entreatinggestures of

with

Gallo,who,

denly
sud-

gambler

if the

his

ing
enjoy-

was

from

into

he

fact,everything

at his

not

of the

course

He

the

that

that hostilities would

seeming to
him

word

every
or

the

is amazed

well

sentiment
pre-

overcome

when

he rushed

ordered

voice

secret

take

signed,the Directorywould

once

plans.

of luck

runs

everythingand

wins

fortune.

his

of the

simulated

his

would

would

further

conspiredto

from

the master.

was

fear

no

part of Austria

the

that events

desired; that he

with

ensue

that he
on

he
battle-field,

the

on

final result.

the

him

told

As

plan, and

that

consequences

161

FORMIO.

bows,

the Marquis

begging

was

depart.

to

The
on

day

next

the

scene

had

thoughts,decided

second

proposition;and

That
peace

for his

to

French

the

tried his best, by the utmost

pardon

changed.

pretended

accede

took

which

Formio, which

its

of

wrath

the

lies

seriano.

"Yet,"

Memoirs,

''not

the

Duke

his

part,

secure

day

before.

signed tlie
villageof Campo

the

half-waybetween
says

Cobenzl,

Bonaparte's

to
amicability,

from

name

to

general, for

day (October 17, 1797)

same

M.

was

Udine

of

single conference

and

Ragusa
had

been

Pasin

liis
held

162

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

there

it

the

merely

was

place where

the

treaty was

sary
signed. I was despatched thither to make the necesand at the same
time to invite the
preparations,
to push on
to Passeriano, to Avhich
plenipotentiaries
they very graciouslyassented.
They signed before

dinner, dating the

the

preparationshad

doubtless

there

in which

the

table that
so

all

day

used.

there

full of

brought when
with

of the

the

copies were

At

midnight

Paris with

dark.

messenger

and

even

the

stayingtogetherin
ten
o'clock,word was
finished.

General

with

as

took

General

from

ghost stories,
old castle.

some

brought

was

his

on

treaty. Twelve

that

to

way

hours

Directoryreached

the

selves
them-

Bonaparte signed gaily.

Berthier

of the

copy

later

Passeriano,

have

prevented

he had

received

evening before.
about

felt anxious

Directoryconsent
Republic?

Venice

and

treaties

with

bearing positiveorders which would

Bonaparte from signingthe treaty if
He

room

pen

amused

They

all

last,towards

the

and

conversation

they were

them

relics

discussions.

more

it became

At

no

the

these

copying

ing
and, remaincharming gaiety,
drawing-room,he asked that no candles be

in the

if

The

sake

villagethe

place and

It is with

were

Bonaparte was

as

for form's
in this

took

great event

were

made

stillshown

are

others."

many

been

where

Formio,

Campo

at

treaty

make
of the

one

to the

Would
final

countrj^?

the

ratification.

destruction

Would

tian
of the Vene-

provisorygovernment cf
the independeffort to save
ence
the

It commissioned

three

dele-

164

for

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

advance

opportunityto

an

yet

Dandolo

had

stirred his lieart by his

was

spiteof
did not

which

the

has

France

republic founded
Revolution.
and

The

describe

Talleyrand,

desires !

shall hear

Receive

my

Words

is felt at this time.

public delighted;
be sure,

To

best condition.
from

lamentations

some

French

General.

dear

everythingthat

in the

new

last," wrote

Directory is satisfied; the

everythingis

the

congratulations,
my
to

me

of

ognized
rec-

principlesof

Bonaparte

as

treaty

existence

at

the

tory
Direc-

the
Directory,

Italy the

Peace

such

peace

warmest

fail

"

and
man

and

boundaries,and

"

this

its natural

the

on

faded."

of the

Northern

in

but

loftysentiments,

never

sorrow

dare to refuse the ratification of

to

gave

benefit him

ordinaryman

very

made

impressionhe
In

and

Italy;

but

we

that's

nothing. Farewell, peacemaking General, farewell!

friendship,
respect,admiration, gratitude there's no
"

end

to

the

moment

list."

longing for

was

weeks

moment,

his
and

interests

own

yet every

one

ardentlyas, a few
Bonaparte had
most
propitious

as

peace

before,it had longed for

consulted

that

France, always mercurial, at

war.

at
was

praisinghis

terestednes
disin-

thought most admirable of him

of battles
the game
to renounce,
out of patriotism,
He
for which his genius so well adapted him.
was
compared to Cincinnatus returningto his plough ; he
It

was

The

was

everywhere representedas
Mo?iiteur, which

his friends,was

doubtless

preparing to

model
was

make

of self-denial.
controlled

his return

by
very

CAMPO

Everything

impressive.
The

inspire
the

and

masses

of

the

the

he

day

in

parted
in

in

honor

in

from

left

Austria.

the

see

the

Josephine,
her

Milan

destined
peace

the

son

for

place

the

the

and

who

Eugene

extend

concluded

In

Latin

he

between

had

poets.

He

longer

November
a

barked
em-

had

time

some

the

Saint

celebration

noon

and

the
next

to

he

where
to

Mantua,

went

at

stayed

queror
con-

The

he

of

the

dukes.

monument

prince

slightest

of

military

adding

through

then

full

progress

illuminated.

Rastadt,
to

Letters

in

former

Hoche,

to

of

with

session,

Empire

boat,

Italy

1797,

General

of

remarks

passed

was

took

imagination

Moniteur^
felt

was

garrison

there
of

on

built

the

where

memory

of

city

reviewed

George,

he

palace

whole

the

evening

the

in

which

When

to

triumphal

insignificant

Italy.
the

this

pose.
pur-

was

curiosity.

abundance

most

in

slept

of

interest

and
of

he

details

extreme

actions

public

the

this

Paris

to

strike

to

arouse

swift

in

Passeriano

stories

minutest

appeared
to

of

host

for

arranged

was

from

journey

165

FORMIO.

17,

congress

whole

France

was

German
and

XVII.

bonapakte's

retuhn

left

Milan

November

BONAPARTE
accompanied by Marmont,
well

physician. He
to

stop

and

at Turin

belonged

he went

Thence

for him

He

the

at

to visit

of

memory

league

to

call

foot.

The

He

desires

His

Morat, and

roads

were

reached
166

the

he

went
a

order

to

Morat

manuel.
Em-

When

warmly.

most

for

stopped

waiting

was

of

Coppet.

aides-de-camp,

grudge against the

carriage broke

filled by
in

diamonds,

castle

of his

but

number

Charles

Necker, who"

near

Cenis.

he

his

magnificent

King,

where

Ferney, having

night standing

Italy.

on

roadside,

and

with

greeted

as

but refused

with

the Mount

was

Geneva,

Voltaire.

from

late

crossed

also, in spiteof the

refused

the

to

refused

He

day.

horses

Yvan,

Sardinia

compliments

the

to

Chambi^ry, he

reached

of

horse-pistolsset

two

Bonaparte
he

his

King

handsome

two

"

and
fittings,
had

Duroc, Lavalette,

secretary,and

the

see

him

sent

of presents,

17, 1797,

passed through Piedmont,

that monarch

which

his

by Bourrienne,

as

fkance.

to

part

vast
see

November

of

down

the

crowd, who
the

way

it

on

spent

conqueror

23;

was

of
a

BONAPARTE'S

market-day,and
awaited:

Moniteur
admiration

this

at

receive

quote from

us

printed in

interest and

keen

I found

that

him

very

pale,lookingtired,but
portrait, short,slight,
"

It seemed

ill,as I had heard.

absent-mindedlyand

somewhat
if much

said to him.

was

and

wears

an

his
His

what

is

like
not

great interest,

no

own

thoughtsthan

face is full of intelligence,

expression of

revealingnothing of

his

that he listened

me

with

occupied with

more

what

with

to

the

extreme

promise

to

seems

has done

who

extraordinaryman,

yet concluded.

is not

career

Let

Morat, and

with

great things,and

such

as

from

I looked

"

anxiously

most

was

magistrate prepared to

Paris

to
:

arrival

possiblehonors.

all

letter sent

his

chief

the

with

him

his

167

FRANCE.

TO

RETURN

tion,
reflec-

constant

going

inside this

on

less
thoughtfulhead, this sturdynature, in which doubtence
were
forming plans destined to have great influthe fate of Europe. A worthy citizen of
over
five feet

Morat, about
struck

much

pretty

loud
'

It's
a

or

eight inches

tall,was

That's a
general'sappearance.
claimed,
height for such a great man,' he exenough to be heard by an aide-de-camp.

by

small

seven

the

'

ing
exactly the height of Alexander,' I said,bringHe said, That
is not
smile to the aide's face.
'

the most

strikingpoint of
the

stopped near

be shown

monument

the

resemblance.'
of bones

place where

at

Bonaparte
Morat

the battle it

and

asked

to

front

fought. They pointedout a plainin

had
of a chapel. An
oflicer who
served in
explained how the Swiss, descending from
was

France

memorated
com-

168

the

neighboring mountains,

dense

wood,

'

They

to

'How

it.

rout

outflank

have

must

able, aided

were

by

the

Burgundian army
this army?' asked

large was

Sixty thousand

Lannes
than

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

men.'

covered

'

and

parte.
Bona-

Sixtythousand

the mountains.'

men

Tlien

eral
Gen-

said, Nowadays the French

better
figlit
time,' repliedBonaparte, the

'

that.'

'

At

that

'

"

not Frenchmen.'
Burgundians were
series of ovations.
The
a
journey was
Reaching
Berne
at night,Bonaparte passed tlirougha double

line

of

lit carriages,
filled
brilliantly
His

women.
cannon

the

on

the

Offenburg were
that

Augereau

equal;

he

sent

Bonaparte, and
him.

Bonaparte

stop, and pushed

care

and
He

tire himself
was

hastened

December

glad
to take

Chantereine

to

German
in

be

whence

long

him

recalled

while

former

the

with

of

there
but

to

dinate.
subor-

escort

found

to

he

the
did

tedious

by

the

negotiations,
Directory.
there

in the afternoon.

to the little house

he had

an

busy

too

was

powers
and

as

post for Paris, and reached

5, at five o'clock

Bonaparte went

he

hussars, and

of Austrian

to

stay

under

Rastadt

Augereau, at
Army of the

compliments

seeing his

without

on

to

of

treat

his

that

word

sent

of the
plenipotentiaries
not

with

artillery. At

the

to

invitation

entered

He

squadron

aide

an

of

anxious

was

an

of

headquarters

by

the fortress of

once

salvo

commander-in-chief

time

Rhine.

the

to

pretty

announced

was

At

cityramparts.

replied

Huningue

into Basle

entrance

with

in the

departed,almost

rue

de la

obscure.

BONAPARTE'S

BETUBN

months

twenty-one

ambitious

The

about

anxious
that

of

its

with
so

its

can

will

where

would

How

want?

he

Monk?
that

the

the

of

the

be

To

Such

that

Bonaparte

heroes, that his genius Avas

denial.

hero
what

Cromwell?
the

the

was

queror.
con-

young

And

were

but

osity
curi-

greet this

Ca3sar?

multitude

agitatedthe

withal

Great

the

Directors

city,

vast

lost in the

soon

people.

return

Washington?

was

an

in that

to

gloryeclipsedtheir pallidrenown?

whose
did

by

emotion,

keenly susceptible,
yet

ocean,

excited

was

without

without

not

as

about

thither

everything is

of that human

waves

and

are

Alexander

was

amount

population so

fickle,and

Paris, and

return

never

wonder,

glory

as

famous.

returned

he

leave

judgment

Athens,

their

who

men

anxiety. They
what

before, and

169

FRANCE.

TO

questions

pression
prevailingimof

one

Plutarch's

only equalled by

his self-

The

Parisians, in their eagerness to create

idol,ascribed to their favorite every merit, every
infatuation

The

virtue.
to

with

speak

The

universal

was

him,

became

showed

newspapers

; to

parte,
Bona-

see

tion.
one's ambi-

every

unvarying

zeal

in

printingthe most trivial details about him.

Every
other subject seemed
insipid. Talleyrand called on
him

the

evening

*to be excused
called at
was

His

the

of his arrival.

from

receivinghim,

and

the

next

Ministry of Foreign Affairs,where

received

with

marks

interview

with

the

Everywhere

Bonaparte begged

his

of

the

Directors

and
affability

warmest
was

most

modesty

were

day
he

respect.
cordial.

talked

170

Gratitude

about.

merely

not

10
wife's

house,

It has

simple,and

He

left,two

and

which

him

temple

days after

recalled

once

if he

in the

to

more,

of love.

did

not

so

unaccompanied,

He

is

often

seen

Chantereine, which

he

wedding, to go to Italy,
for
happy memories, was

Marmont's

it

the 26th, for

leave, on

rue

many

But

d'Antin.

garden."

his

use

his

pretence to luxuiy.

no

carriage.

in his modest

little house

had

with

seldom, and

out

goes

walking alone
This

Bonaparte is livingin

he will

plain, two-horse

of December

Chantereine, Chauss^e

said that

been

Rastadt.

General

"

rue

is

This house

principalstate functionaries,but

officials. In the Moniteur

read

we

felt for the visits he returned,

was

the

to

also to humbler

in

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENES8

was

fault of his brothers

no

suffer there

expression,the"

the

of

torments

keen

jealousy.
We

17, leavingJosephine there, who

few

days

who

had

return

there with

to

Lavalette

France.

who

ones

that

had

which
love.

jealousy;

his incessant

over

his

in
to

be

him, tried

Josephine possessedthrough
tried,"he goes

"They
and

her stay at Milan,

Bonaparte.

influence

any

before

her

see

says

for this purpose

"

stay which

pass

de Beauharnais,

Eugene

Rome

to

meant

Bonaparte'sbrothers, wishing

that

his

from

come

to

her son,

ber
Novem-

Milan

said that he started from

have

on,

made
was

her

Memoirs,
the

only
lessen

to

her

"to

band's
hus-

arouse

most

of

authorized

by

the

regardfor his wife, his journeyings,

preparationsfor the expeditionto Egypt,

His

XVIII.

THE

AT

FESTIVITY

THE

LUXEMBOURG.

of December

festivity
THELuxembourg,
a

formal

so

the

palace were

with

morning

the

palace, at

the

The

Diplomatic Body,

Paris, were

announced

posted
artillery

beginning of

French

which

and

end, close

in the

into

the

main

country, surmounted
and

the

Peace.

at

for the members

wore

La
colleague,

At

the

gave

garrison of

signalfor

the

large courtyard.
statues

altar
Roman

of the

the procession,

galleriesof

the

At

the
the

the altar of the

vestibule, rose

the

noon

Republicans,preceded

the

of

ite
band, playingthe favor-

the

R^-

members

the

succession.

by

Below

Directors,who

172

Directory assembled
their

garden

hall

vast

the

passed through

went
to

in

in

officers of

the

The

occasion,

eleven

ministers, the

the festival.

airs of the

palace

of

rooms

veill^re-Lepeaux.

into

flags. At

give

Italy.

for the

turned

the

at

to

were

of

small

of the

members

place

Directors

too

trophies and

the

took

conqueror

large court3'ardwas

adorned

the

the

the

the

reception to

of

rooms

where

10

of
w^ere

ity,
Liberty, Equalfive chairs

dress, and

Diplomatic Body.

for

form
platOn

FESTIVITY

side

rose

each

THE

Music.
was

To

Republic.

rightand
flagsof

of
The

walls

hangings; and
was
suspended

amphitheatre

amphitheatre

different armies

the

adorned

were

the

amphitheatre

vast

courtyard and the windows

served as galleries.All the

of

large awning.

filled the
which

society were
which

had

looked

eagerly

women
see

been

whose

man

to

forward

seen

splendor,were

greeting one

crowd

with

The

President

usher

of

awaited

to

go

and

the

the

Chief

the

The

lips.

to

spectacleitself

tracted
at-

of

their

beauties, proud

of

their

men,

another

and

Ministers

the

the

noisy

favorite's arrival.

Directory gave

summon

one

proud

Foreign Affairs,Generals

and

one's

impatience its

of the

entertainment,

dresses, anxious

The

fashionable

sian
Pari-

hearing

they and

uniforms, the

of

seeing and
every

attention.

equal

rooms,

Every

handsomest
;

the

about.

on

was

their

be

to

multitude

leaders

this

at

talked

much

name

wore

and

gathered

of the

tricolored

with

and

altar

for

Conservatory of

the

left of this

the

over

173

LUXEMBOUUG.

and

authorities

the

bundle

THE

semicircular

vast

the constituted

AT

orders

to

of War

Bonaparte and

an

and

Joubert,

of

in
Brigade,Andr^ossy,who were
the apartments of La R^veillere-Lepeaux.
The
Conservatoryorchestra played a symphony,

but

suddenly
drowned
by an
side,

every

Bonaparte !
he is !

"

"

the

Long

live

the

live the

they shouted.

the

of cheers.

outburst

Long

of

noise

"

Cries

nation

he is,so

was

from

arose

Republic !

great

There

instruments

Long
!

"

young

"

live

There
and

so

174

CITIZENESS

famous
of

There

BONAPARTE.

is the

hero

of Lodi, of

Castiglione,

Arcole, the peacemaker of the continent,the rival

of Alexander

and

Caesar ! there he is !

"

His

modest

made
stature, his gauntness, his air of feebleness,

majestic,for

no

less

No

further attention

the

famous

him

alone, every

he

paid

was

who

men

majesty of glory.
the

to

there

were

fixed.

was

eye

the

wore

modestly, accompanied by
Foreign Affairs and of War, and
The

Hj^mn

chorus

assembly,in
chorus

the

all

who

then
and

the

solemn

advanced

to

Minister
follows

'

the

to

who

us

this certain

himself, the
about

this

I will pass

honor

of

followed

of

his

by

that

us

the
the

"

delight,repeated
The

and

the

invocation
of

to

the
erty
Lib-

fied
Italy electri-

whole

procession,

stood

bareheaded

General

Bonaparte

Directoryby

Directors,I have
Executive

with

Directory

the

Emperor.
peace,

marvels
;

but

the

parte,
Bona-

treaty

of

While

bringing
he recalls,in spiteof
that have brought

let him

reassure

in silence all that which

historyand

as

of presenting

Citizen
the

leyrand,
Tal-

spoke

the honor

ratification of

pledge of

great event

Citizen

Foreign Relations,who

numberless

over

calmly

the foot of the altar of the country,

brings the

concluded

on

Ministers

tells

performance.

of

Citizen

the

liberator

arose

him, and

advanced

the
Directory,

presented to

was

peace

the

there,

were

duringthis

song.

sightof

soul

every

of

to

or

Conservatorysang

Moniteur

transport

of the martial

and

the

the

Liberty;

to

of

Directors

; on

He

and

aides.

him

himself,
will win

the

applause of posterity
; I

will

this

to-daythat

say

glow

AT

FESTIVITY

THE

glory, which

France, belongs

on

casts

that, indeed, the genius of

Italy

bright a

so

out
With-

Revolution.

the

to

175

LUXEMBOUBG.

THE

of

Conqueror

the

"

languished in vulgar honors.'

great pains to combine the Republic

would

have

Talleyrandtook
All Frenchmen,"
and the generalin his eulogies.
he said, have
conquered in Bonaparte ; his glory
is the property of all ; there is no
Republican who
"

"

far

so

ought to
Citizen
was

portion.
.

from

triumph,

vento

his

claim

cannot

Personal

offending equality, is
this very
on
day French

and

feel themselves

the future

called,used

then

the

its

and

refined

of Bene-

Prince

of the most

democratic

vicissitudes !

Minister
and

of

Foreign Affairs

in the presence

of Louis

the altar of the

the

Federation.

This

the

had

champion
been

ever

more

is full of

Talleyrand,the
the Republic one
said

mass

Antoinette

Marie

Republican, the

ardent

to

was

legitimacy,and

minister

old

de Mars, at the festival of

Fructidor,

of

not

bishop who
and

XVI.

Champ

of the 18th
as

under

the former

was
indivisible,

on

Citizen

This

formulas
of the

subtle tone

regime. The ministers of Louis XIV. were

accomplished in the arts of flattery.Life
curious

proudest

Republicans

language

Beneath

accomplishedcourtiers.
most

greatness,

greater."

Talleyrand,as

appeared the

of the

appear

gator
insti-

one

forgetthat
Republic and of
to

day
he

the

Empire.
Yet

Bonaparte

was

rand's
extremely pleasedby Talley-

delicate flatteries.

Having

been

so

often

ac-

176

CITIZENESS

BONAPARTE.

cused

by

he

to
highlygratified
of the most
by one

was

former

^migr^s of beinga

For

court.

keen
well

the

appreciationof
that this young
would

hence

the

make

in

pardon

us

and

to

to

his hero.

closing,"of
this

disdain

from

him
for

glory,of

tlie

sance
obei-

them;
mer
for-

when

he

has

done

antique love

of

of his love for the

Ossian

earth, when

very

the

"And

all that

who

appears

knows

one

every

show, luxury, and

had

he made

in the flatteries Avhich

sciences,of the sublime

detach

of the

distribute

positionto

him,
simplicitythat distinguislies
abstract

man,
great noble-

wealth, knew

before whom

man

addressed

said

important persons

honors

refinement

think," he

praisedby

general,

part, Talleyrand,who

be in

soon

bishop
to

his

be

Jacobin

mere

splendor,those

his

petty

of

ordinaryminds, then, far frqm dreading

his ambition, I feel that some
day perhaps we may be
him
from the calm
compelled to summon
joys of his
will be free, but he,
All France
peaceful retreat.
is his destiny. At this very
such
perhaps, never:
ambitions

moment

hatred

new

of the French

all the nations

calls

enemy

and

of the

him, renowned

its insolent

earth.

tyranny towards

May it,through

genius, promptly expiate both,

worthy

peace

imposed
France

They
him

upon

and

of all the

the world

long-winded; for
hero of

of
sea

the
;

and

parte's
Bona-

Republic

may

may

be

it avenge

"

Talleyrand,and found
impatient to hear
they were
the day. Every instant which

scarcelylistened

Bonaparte,the

glory

the tyrants of the

reassure

for its

to

THE

postponed the

he

of

length

Citizen

speech.
with
of

speaking

the

will

Minister's

his

peroration

the

pleasure
late

have

in

is impatient

you

blame

for

me

delaying

listeningto

has the

right of addressing you

France

and

of

the

by

surrounds

which

you, too, must

pleasure you

hero

General, I perceive too

you,

throng

of

away

the

upon

finished

Carried

''

about

hear you, and

the

Talleyrand

words

these

that the vast

to

excused

day

heaped

was

only the

lost,and

extravagant praisewhich
the

of Areola

hero

the

like time

to them

177

LUXEMBOURG.

THE

when

moment

speak seemed

to

AT

FESTIVITY

in

the

in the

addressing you

who

one

of all

name

of

name

old

an

friendship."
At

last

and

modest

his

commanding

the

crossingof

Emperor's
and

order

it had

to

to

you

attain

contend

The
and

to be

Moniteur,

Arcole,

at

silence.

was

"

Directory

Citizens,the French
to

constitution

fightwith
founded

eighteen centuries

with

Constitution
over

parte
Bona-

treaty of Campo

of the
:

deep
of the

President

free,had

triumphed

imagined

one

at

trasted
con-

There

follows

simple

dictatingpeace

the

as

His

Tagliamento, or

ratification

in order
In

the

to

spoke

the

bridge of Lodi,

at the

Formio.

handed

speak.

great reputation.Every

him

Campo

to

said

countenance,

with

at

about

Bonaparte was

of the
every

Year

III.

obstacle.

its
on

the

mio",
Forple,
peo-

kings.
reason,

of
was

dice.
prejumade,

Religion,

governed Europe
royalty,have successively
feudality,
for twenty centuries, but the peace
have
just
you
concluded

dates the

era

of

representativegovern-

178

You

ments.

vast

itself has

glory of
French

the

Republic.

When

of

tone

would

command,
have

done

produced

from

the

Emperor.

in

neighboring streets, which

of the

organic

jerky voice, in

on

deeper impressionthan
famous

had

Bonaparte
forth

the

free."

finished,rapturous

ing
spread-

all about

filled

were

orators

side,and

every

it continued

rooms,

the

better

on

the voice of the most

applause broke

the

I have

happiness

be established

When

of the century.

which

pedestalson

the

speech,delivered

short

of

the tomb

Majesty

laws, all Europe will become

This

greatest

and
the prosperity,
liberty,

the

people shall

the

treaty signed at Campo

His

by

since

for the great

with

the two

the

done

Europe, long

see

was,

nature

have

sciences,and

are

you

assures

peace

You

powerful nations.

two

to

because

libertyrisingfrom

ratified

and

Formio
This

erect

to

hand

to

of

They

their ancestor.

honor

and

birthplaceit

hopes the genius

destinyis

limited

fairest parts of

two

whose

men

organizingthe great

its boundaries.

for the arts

famous

in

territoryis

drawn

The

more.

succeeded

have

whose

nation

so

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

by

in
a

the

dense

crowd.
Then
of the

Barras

Citizen

Directory,and

was

even

more

be inferred

was

enthusiastic
from

be said

it must

able to

the

Nature, chary of

speak

to

nourished

asserted,,he

Bonaparte,he

began

that

President

if,as

erally
gen-

jealousyof
for his speech

secret

conceal
than

as

it ;

as
Talleyrand's,

opening words :
bestows
prodigies,

"

may

Citizen

eral,
Gen-

seldom

great

180

CITIZENESS

steps ; the
an

as

it roars,

burdens

with

plaintivecries.

only his

government
the world
of

crush

free

his

at

man.

outraged humanity
Of the enemy

...

alone

it is also

perfidious

speedilyteach

people is

the

the

benefactor

of the

avenger

You

will find

this

its fall will

it,and

summons

you

sustains

chains

againstthe
It will fight

his fleets.

that if the French

Europe,

them, for it

carry

blushes

second

Crime

crime.

to

earth's wrath

it with

the liberator whom

are

who

the

the elements

proud

slave

it invokes

tyrant who
for you

be

will

ocean

unconquered

is

BONAPARTE.

rightsof

nations."

After
out

his

his

long and pompous

harangue,Barras held
him
to Bonaparte and
fraternal
a
gave

arms

embrace.

Moniteur;

the

All

"

"

all

regrettedthat they, too,

the General

embrace

country,

and

chair
the

Minister

the
set

has deserved

of

and

the

the

the

couplet for warriors, one

the

bards, one

thus

for

young

to

of the

Conservatoiy
zen
words by Citi-

for old men,

girls.

us

unite in bonds

of

The

song

There
one

for

ended

Warriors.

Hymen

our

hands

Then

"

"The
Let

national

led him

performed the Song of the Return^ the

Ch^nier, the music by Citizen M^hul.
was

not

of his

well

Diplomatic Body.

orchestra

the

steps of the altar,

Relations

Foreign

of

so

says

could

of the

their share

descended

in front

choruses

who

offer him

gratitude."
Bonaparte then
and

moved,"

spectators were

and

our

hearts.

THE

AT

FESTIVITY

The
and

Hymen

love

other

create

us

The
That

That, deaf

ossy, whom

and

their

They

bequeath to

the

words,

victory.

Young

Girls.

their

brighteyes,

the children

are

them

of the brave

tyrants,to slaves,

hearken

of

Minister
General

to

They always
The

warriors,and

day, at

will say

One

Conqueror'sreward.

Warriors.

Warriors

some

Girls.

the

are

181

LUXEMBOURG.

Young

The

Let

THE

to the voice of the

War

Joubert

then
and

Bonaparte

presented to

Chief

had

oppressed."

of

the

tory
DirecAndre-

Brigade

commissioned

to

take

to

the

Directorythe flagpresented to this brave army,

in token of the national
gratitude,by the Legislative
in gold letters recounting
Body : it bore inscriptions
the j)rincij)al
of Italy.
exploits of the conquerors
They

formed

taken

one

hundred
hundred

gloriousrecord:

most

hundred

that

they had
five
prisoners,

and

thousand
fifty
and
and
six
fiftypieces of siege artillery,
field-pieces
; that
eighteen
they had won

pitched battles

that

terpieces
they had sent to Paris the masof Michael
Angelo, Guercino, Titian, Paul
Veronese, Correggio,Albano, the Carracci, Raphael,

and

Leonardo

standard, the

da

oriflamme

Frenchman," exclaimed
Frenchman

Vinci

worthy

of

There
the

name

beat at the

this banner?

the

arms,

sightof
triumph of our

French

amid
capitol,

the

Republic !

the Minister

of the

the

was

Eternal

What

"

of War,

will not

"

what

feel his heart

monument

be forever consecrated

trophieswon

famous

from

of
in the

conquered

182

CITIZEN

nations

BONAPARTE.

ESS

defenders

you, valiant

Glory to

generalsand soldiers,who have

glorythe cradle of the Republic !

of

covered

our

try,
coun-

with

such

"

After

general salute.
it from

received
the

The

Joubert

French

of the

and

another

the banner
of

President

the hands

of the

name

the

with

Directory

warriors.

two

In

"

Republic,"he exclaimed,

"

flagrecallingsuch mighty feats !

soldiers,
proceed to the banks of the Thames
the

salute you,
Brave

rid the

to

General

saluted
Andr^ossy, the artillery

from
a

from

speech

dishonor

universe

Let

it.
.

The

appear

who

Saint James's

country

wishes

it

it.

surrounded

with

the halo

'

'

be

thrown
over-

Citizen

glorywithin the walls where, a few months

this
conspiratorsmadly shouted, And
lives !

and

oppress

Palace

humanity requires

commands

it; your vengeance

you

of the monsters

eral,
Gen-

of your
ing
rav-

ago,

still

man

and

Yes, he lives for the glory of the nation

ruses
country." The Conservatorychothe Song of Return^ the public joining
chanted
the
in, as a superiorofficer carried aAvay reverentially
to hang it aloft in the
banner of the Army of Italy,

the defence

Room

Council
It
were

of the

was

of the

grandfestivity
; the transportsof

sincere and
these

over

solemn

derision.

to console

every

give to

Did

it not

and

"

enthusiasm

government that

rites has

misfortune,

the amazed
France

The

generous.

subjectof

sightof

Directory.

been

possess

victory?

fascinated

sided
pre-

too

often the

one

talisman

Could

it,in

Diplomatic Body,

that fine,glorious
name,

of which

the

THE

whole

judged

world

Yes

nation

this

immortal

aspect.

wrought

such

they

sufferings,
criticise

which
face

of

but

also

principles
be

has

that

and

recognized.

to

hearts

ideas

win

the

of
of

that

of
of

France

not

people

grandeur

its

is
A

its

the

annexed,
that

last

at

their

easier

to

ment
governthe

in

faults

and

posterity.

natural

merely
it

had

language

spite

an

fatigues,

haughty
in

liberty.

who

it

indulgence

gave

could

which
the

claims,
the

upon

their

that

under

Directory.

the

such

use

felt

Doubtless

imitate

to

Europe

government

for

triumphs.

could

weaknesses,

and

rewarded

word,

soldiers

heroism

great

awe

appeared
valiant

of

miracles

their
than

the

the

religious
the

Revolution

Yes

amply

were

of

sort

of

that

pronounced
the

day

worthy,

with

was

183

LUXEMBOURG.

THE

it

multitude

that

on

it

joyous

Yes

AT

FESTIVITY

caimot

ries,
bounda-

territory,
rested
fail

on

to

XIX.

ENTERTAINMENT

AN

AT

THE

MINISTRY

FOREIGN

OF

RELATIONS.

Souvenirs

his

IN

Swiss

under

clown

lying

solitaryand
less

its

by
it

arouse

them

with

the

it

the

assured

of the

me

year

to

an

that

face
hair

of

were

of

184

devil.

than

he

favorite

this ecclesiastic

was

slope

It

of
was

felt for

to

colonel, had

told

head

inclined

have

the

which

already sated

was

the bands

me

accustomed

was

should

some

the

the

who

ecclesiastic, and

covered

in

certain

if it

others

malignity,

later,July 14, 1790, among

spectators who

man

"struck

on,

and

mind

and

face, which

expression,by

its

in

His

"

who, though young,

the

Avalking

notieed

goes

man,

interest

was

cut

belonged
A

by

worldly pleasures.

suppose
not

by

fashionable

man

he

charm,"

nault
Ar-

apparently plunged

tree,

singular air,as

more

of

than

animated

evidentlyof
to

Versailles, he

at

indifference

of

very

angel

an

of

beauty

combination
gave

in June, 1789, wliile

philosophic thought.

devoid

not

was

lake,

Sexagenarian^ the poet

that

narrates

the

near

of

me

it

that

pastoral cross
bishop."
the half-million

of the

Champ

de

AN

Mars

eration,
Arnault, watching the Festival of the Fed-

was

when

he

celebrated

be

his

on

cope

185

ENTERTAINMENT.

saw

on

in the

back,

hillock where

his

on

head,

floods of holy water

distributing
the royal family,the
on
the

populace.

"

to recogiuze

year

I had

about.

His

"

What

was

in him

heard

face

gality
patrioticprodi-

court, the

of Autun

explained to

on,

goes
!

For

talked

much

his conduct

me

and

army,

of Versailles
]_)relate

Bishop

hand,

and

his face."

his conduct
Arnault

have

must

still

been

1797, Monseigneur

find, in

with

in

cross

he
surprise,"

my

the

the

to

was

air,a bishop advancing,a

open

mitre

mass

Citizen

into

transformed
of

Foreign

metamorphosis

French

without

was

of

Bishop

Autun
Minister

Talleyrand, the

of the

Relations

the

surprised to

more

Republic.

parallel;it

Such
an

was

avatar.

How

things had happened

many

of the

Federation

On

the
had

Talleyrand

massacres

England, signed by
From

maintain

relations

however,

did

not

the

on

of the

account

of
to

prevent

list of

Louis
a

Bill

XVI.

his

terrible

being

emigres at
he
In

passport for

continued, it

in
discovery,

September
Danton's

ministers, on

this

letter in which

regarded as
the Alien

he

with

after the

obtained

all the

London

motion.

day

Festival

since the

said, to

was

leader, which,
accused

the end

and

of

the celebrated

1792,

dangerous person;
was
appliedto him.

he
and
He

Av^as

his

vices
ser-

generally

early in
set

on

robe,
iron ward-

secretlyoffered

London

scribed
in-

sail

1794
on

186

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

ship for

Danish

the United

States,and

there

awaited

events.
.

death
Robespierre's

After
leave
and

to

to return

acolyte at
M.

favor

Masson

Fr(^ddnc

book, The

of

mass

naudes, solicited the

As

His

France.

the

he

of

has

good fortunes

with

their

Exile's

the

support, before

return

from

former

friends,of

made

and

him

He

their

de

Convention

petition which
Convention

The

had
his

day, Madame

made

former

him

has

Catelan

de

sold
of

hear
of the
liis

and

up

one

meeting

of

Talleyrand

of

fine

word

manners;

sell the

him

people
to

be

flatlyopposed.
him," said

of Public

order, his king, his

priestwill

of

curiosity. He

wanted

about

Committee

quest.
re-

his

on

leaders

of the influential

this, Carnot
a

been

his

out

Stael, who

minister; but

member

decided

in Paris

formerly
wit

acquainted with

me

to

sang

granted his

welcome

warm

took

of the

"He

who

successors

let

Stael, and

Ch^nier
in the

master.

Philadelphia,
soliciting
permission to

remembered

"Don't

his relations

de la Bouchardie

the

received

Ladies

became

mistresses

their

Madame

fashion

influence.

his remarkable

in

his

had

the

France.

to

return.

of

persons

Romanza., and

September 4, 1795,
sent

vicar-general

of old times, of
chie"; the stock-jobbers

speculationswhich

had

get

'Federation,Desre-

said

ton's

Dan

for him,
Legendre was
Boissy d'Anglas. Madame

to

to

Department of Foreign Affairs during the

of his

Ch^nier

hard

former

the

Revolution.^the exile reminded

the

tried

wliole

God.

the

Safety.
This

Directory."

188

wonders

rough,violent
and

honors

liofhtedshe would

be

to

the

"

draAving-room!

life of the

Italy January 2,

from

of

First
a

was

word

mansion

in

du

Bac,

influence.

How^

de-

elegance,urbanity,the
ball

The

was

she

of the

for

set

the

ister
Min-

day

The

Faubourg Saint Germain,

and
costlydwelling,still

that

so

get

ball-room.

Paris

of the

to

at the

obtain

to

the

1786,

scarcelytime

hope

about

Gallifet,a rich

Hotel

recognize

Josephine reached

1798.

Relations

Foreign

band's
hus-

arisinsfac^ain what

see

thought forever lost,

had

would

would

her

through

money

effect of her

She

manners.

friends who

old

emotion

with

the

modify

would

she

BONAPARTE.

ESS

CITIZEN

its former

settled
of the

corner

rue

de

ministry

had

owners

in it.

It

the
finished
un-

had

the

in

was

lowing.
fol-

rue

Grenelle, between

the side
on
courtyardand a garden ; the mansion
of the court
being adorned by a great open peristyle,
thirty feet liigh. To
consistingof Ionic columns
a

with
peristyle

the left another

a

covered

The

leading to

passage

to

left

the

the

forms

columns

grand

staircase.

garden is adorned with Ionic

is a galleryninety feet long.

the

fagade towards

columns;

Doric

Talleyrandprepared everything with a lavish hand.

It was
a
magnificentball: the grand staircase was
with
covered
sweet-smellingplants,the musicians
were
placed in the cupola,decorated with arabesques,
at

the

top of

drawing-rooms
Etruscan

the
were

temple

was

staircase.

All

painted over
built,in which

the
anew.
was

of

walls

the

little

set the bust

AN

of Brutus,

garden,which

the

corps of the
The

began.
:

grace
his

Paris

He

manners.

was

had

splendor,and

At

opinions,but
political

Republican whose

those of the

length the ball

with
honors
perfect

the

his

altered

loved

He

Monarchy.

the
politeness,

cold

the

ent
differ-

all the

from

garrison.
did

In

Bonaparte,

by Bengal lights,

soldiers

were

Minister

had

he

illuminated

was

in which

tents

were

General

present from

"

189

ENTEBTAINMENT.

not

ways

tinued
con-

show

and
of

repose

with malice,
the indifference tinctured
good society,
delicate perceptions,which
the exquisite tact, the
marked
the men
of the old regime. He brought into
a

world

new

bishop,in

former

been

had

made

ministry,was
would

imagine

the

himself

the

in

For

been

placeof

perilsof
pretty
have
had

the smell

of

the

women,

thought

the

years
No

one

but

Perfumes

the

and
sufferings

bad

The

dream.

flowers,the lights,
"

happy days

took

of Marie

one

would

Antoinette

returned.

Madame

looked

much

Bonaparte was
at

great deal,

more
infinitely

effect.

but

The

Arcole, the signer of the

was

many

cityof revolutionary

blood, and

past seemed

the

into

seen.

dances, of red caps, of the scaffold.

the

given

turned

and

times.

splendorhad

and

show, pomp,

no

sign of

property

and

dwelling,which

aristocratic

an

Boeuf

de

entertainment

This

national
a

Q^il

of the

manners

of Versailles.

of the court

by

the

the

great

attraction

She

impressed.

her

husband

presence
peace

of the

of

produced

of the

Campo

evening.

was

hero

of

Formio,
His

ui?

190

CITIZEN

BONAPARTE.

ESS

usual, strongly marked

eagle

aroused

eye,

much

any

of the

the

slightesttoken

fashionable

regardedas
he

As
Arnault
who

face, liis

attention

ball-room

the

Give

"

me

arm

your

ready to charge on
together,they won't dare to
are

walk

us

glance,a word,

his

on

part,

about

the

are,

young

girlapproaching

for you

know

said to

he
;

me

long

in

on

will tell

her

as

and

trimmed

with

the

edge bordered with

thumb, in pink gauze worked

of oak-leaves.

wreath

the

daughter,pearls:

their attire.
the

whom

all the

favorite

entertainments

failure,the

Turk

whose

that of the conqueror

the

over
a
"

beauty

Comnena.
that you

were

Arnault,
down

on

only

make

of

de

wore

difference in

all the

and

merous
nu-

before

enthusiastic

Permont,

him," murmured

ladies,

escape

waned

most

The

given

money

Italy,was

de Permont

popularityhad

of Madame

told

"I

to

size of

diamonds

proprietorshad

theatre

ribbons,

Each

wore

with

of

dress

of Abrantes.

Duchess

pul-

matre

of the

Madame

was

future

Ambassador,

the

Let

was

satin

silver.

mother

was

mother

daughter,the

Turkish
to

The

with

The
that

puff

are

all the

There

mother,

broad

two

many

we

who

me

botli dressed alike,in

chni^ filiapulchriot\
crape,

poet

talk.

our

everybody."
with

the

great

see

; so

break

liall; you

masks

white

was

great favor.

entered
:

beauties.

did

than

admiration

more

of

his
profile,

Roman

who

was

Bonaparte,

Greek."

when

the

general had

bench

between

two

left his arm,

windows.

sat

Scarcely

AN

had

he

taken

his

It's impossibleto

"

General," she said

de

Madame

placewhen

beside him.

down

191

ENTERTAINMENT.

"

must

you

Stael

sat

approach 3'our

present

to

me

him."

to BoJiagraspedthe poet and led him straight

parte through the crowd that drew back, or rather,
Madame
de Stael,"said
that
she pushed back.
that she needs
"declares
to the general,
Arnault

She

"

introduction

other

some

asks

obey

to

present her

to

me

the

overwhelmed

givinghim

crowd

clearlyto

"

That

is very

one

who

"The

most?"
"I

that.

understand

can

the first of

women

low

Madame
to

At

Song,

"

The

Madame."
and

"

and

is the

best

who

But
The

answered.
the

esteem

think

you

dren,
chil-

has most
out

is

laughing;

discomfited, said very

is a very

great man

women

her

housekeeper."

do

burst

in

was

you

who

one

after

General, what

"

do

orchestra

the

all the

him,

company

Arnault, "Your

midnight

that he

whom

Stael, much

de

de Stael first

"My wife," he

but

and

about

compliments,and

she asked

natural

General,

me.

Madame

understand

love best?"

do you

and

name,

gathered

with

hero

eyes the first of men,

woman

Allow

you.

great attention.

listened with

her

than

you

to

The

her."

to

played

made

odd

the

their

way

man."

Parting
to

the

dred
table with three hunat a
galleryand sat down
places. Talleyrandproposed toasts, each one
being followed by coupletscomposed by Despr^s and
by Lays, Chenard, and Chdron.
Despreaux, sung

the songs,

Between
a

German

baron,

"

at that time.

Dugazon
a

sort

told

comic

of entertainment

story about
much

mired
ad-

192

After

the

took
the

her

to

leave

at

he

kept

her and
The

ball cost

for

and

supper,

ball, but it

the

and

bore

it

had

the

the

peering

of

and

manners

mask
the

government

the

show, festivities and

French

and

of

ciliation
con-

Convention,

the

side

side

by

That

days.
recalled

who

It

it at

indeed

was

of

the

that

High
under

would

love

pleasure,honoi-s
of

and

the

old

gime
re-

beneath

Talleyrand

Lord

ration
resto-

; a

From

court.

alreadydreaming

of the Tuileries.

symbol

elegance

of the

old

Talleyrand'sball

of Citizen

face

of

Minister

real restoration

new

to draw

was

there

taste."

good

From

spent.

of other

ladies

Bonaparte, knowing

doubtless

of

said, "Minister

beginning of

democratic

and

brilliant

the

large

of the

union

appeared

social event,

of the

was

with

love

was

of the

pleased Bonaparte,

stamp

It

of Autun

Members

had

Helena, and

not

was

counting

well

money

been

fusion.

so

and
political

of

was

great lords and

the

Saint

he
in

police.

ex-Bishop

Jacobins,
regicides,

the

the

society,a gracious and

why

much

was

entertainment

Foreign Relations

with

Girardin

to

12,730 francs, without

large profits. The

new

his wife, paying attention

to

he

Throughout

morning.

According

it said that

this investment

is

close

parte
Bona-

again.

on

excessivelyjealous.

the
singers,
sum

in the

one

alone.

have

to

sorry

ball went

the

supper

supper

BONAPABTE.

ESS

CITIZEN

ready
al-

was

lain;
Chamberform

every

luxury

and

decorations,
future

dors
splen-

XX.

BONAPARTE

AND

JOSEPHINE

BEFORE

TO

EGYPT.

appeared
BONAPARTE
yet
and

he

multitude
:

teur

There

and
who

Hero, dear
In

two

this

distich

this

Pindar

French
"

thus

seen

my

I have

seen

the hero

"

verse.

the

to

Victory,
"

centuries

of

glory !

Citizen

man,

the

reproduced

of

Italy
"

his knees

Fate,

After

so

What

does

scorn

of brass Discord

thy

and

Envy.

shears ;

gloriousa sight
life still offer

me

?"
193

"

Palissot,

country triumph.

tripleknot

Moni-

surnamed

againstus

I have

With

and

"

tyrants armed

chained

old

an

fashion

of Simeon

He

atry
like idolThe

in prose

by Lebrun,

thousand

of

impromptu

Over

him

the

vain

"

he wins

own

In

something

Peace, the Arts, and

to

years

in his

"

praiseof

filled with
was

height of gioiy,

satiate his ambition.

nothing could

was

with

him

worshipped

the

at

contented.

not

was

DITION
EXPE-

THE

ciation
denun-

194

CITIZENESS

No
a

BONAPARTE.

his

sovereignin

capitalhas

own

greater impression than

modest

going

home

he

street, which
At

toire.

himself

the

at

back

it

popular pieces,if

The

manager

General

hid

spiteof

in

demonstrations.
to

such

thing

"

is

he has. struck

two

possible.

were

impossible for

that

word

of

out

dictionary."
he

When

December

was

than

elected

his

in

reception at

produced perhaps

embroidered

the Institute

public had

eyes

happened

to

not

HoGhe,

which

provoked

which

the

England.
that

but

the

but

whole

that
the

heartiest
a

company

greater

of

day

Louvre, where
at

day
hero

Bonaparte,

poet spoke of
Tlie

The

that

this wonderful

read

Institute,

palm-leaves

green

held

were

only for

of Hoche
was

with

general'suniform.
the palace of the

meetings of
Chdnier

of the

member

26, 1797, he

effect in his coat

and

he

give that evening

to

replied, Nothing

Bonaparte;

la Vic-

that

was,

the

secretary,Bourrienne,

ask him

very

de

vain

he

of

name
rue

enthusiastic

his

sent
to

manager

in

was

of the box

object of
he

called

was

theatre

the

morning

theatre

sign bearing the

henceforth

himself, the

the

His

men
surprised by findingwork-

was

the

changing

One

of Arcole.

hero

was
more
dwelling in the rue Chantereine
than mighty palaces. One
evening when he

famous
was

the

produced

ever

man.

young
poem

the

applause
projected
burst

the

time, the

of the

and

his

in

memoration
com-

occasion

passage
one

in

invasion

of

was

into

evening Bonaparte received, among

cheers,
other

196

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

surrounded

tiers who

him, his universal

of
perpetual gratifications
showered
Ills

him,

upon

his
all

were

pride

the

success,

fortune

which

incapableof satisfying

which
ardent, restless s^^irit,

manded
imperatively de-

great emotions, great risks,great dangers.

yearning for action, he uneasilywaited

Restless,and
for

the

tired of his

grow

rienne.

"

lost.

am

Babylon ;
the

"

no

offered

he

declined

it.

so

it would

be

the

eagerly if

weighs

on

me," he
In

old, he

grows

Rome.
so

Doubtless

famous

above

as

him

simple

his, but

they

were,

of which

he

to

the

said

on

about

was

another

citywhich

to
"

just

me

This

''

occasion,
swallows
soon

would

in all France

have

second

in

name

no

Directors

were

fact,the heads of the government

was

of his command.

him

everythingso

the
officially,
in

gested
sug-

scaffold."

villageto being

official communication
him

crowd

Csesar, who

there

Bourrienne

where

remembered

preferredbeing first in

tration
adminis-

The

"Bah!
fellow-citizens,

this

reputations,and

times

ance,
specialperform-

When

would

going

were

great

if I go three

me

him

his

people

of lead."

coat

many

No

"

this

pleasant thing for

applause of

in

seldom."

I go very

Opera

"

at

the

the

another

succeeds

will look

one

replied,

like

everythingelse.

fame

that

Paris

should

public

One

but

as

the

If I

of

he

of

glory as

theatre, so

receive

when

come

anything at Paris,"he said to Bourstay long without doing anything,I

remembers

one

to

to

moment

but

subordinate.

they
The

could

Duke

By

have
of

prived
de-

Ragusa

BEFORE

EXPEDITION

THE

"If

justlyremarked:

has

have

to

an

the
of

their back

story that
his

make
he

added,

"

country."

"

IMadame

the

of Milan

Duke

do

Brumaire,

de Stael

of

King

well

not

Barras

Italy.

of the

sort

think

of

to

in any
such

truth.
unless

he

capitallike

Paris

its master.

were

that

Barras

seemed
have

To

there

him

odious

depend

to

the

spoke

to

tory
Direc-

"

felt in his heart

to

But,"

"

thingin France," repliedBarras ; for if the

to send you
to the Temple to-morrow,
were
would
not be four persons
to objectto it."
Bonaparte

tells

wanted

Italians,who

and

have

talkingto

was

contemplate nothing
You

18th

of the citizens would

evening he

one

tined
des-

was

slightest
attempt against

him."

upon

ascendancyover
him

the

the

Directory,nine-tenths

turned

197

EGYPT.

Bonaparte, who

success

easy

had, earlyin 1798, made

the

TO

the

on

Directors,the Councils,the ministers,the newspapers,

was

been

an

intolerable

without

weariness.

superiorcontrol

absolute monarch,

and

citywhere

the

hands.

the end

At

rienne, I don't
do.

They

that

if I

of

want

won't

will

Everything wears
this little Europe

out

what

firstI want

can't

can

be

to

he

he

had

acted

like

of his element

stay here

all

be

there is

anything.
all up

here

with

see
me

glory

my

supply

said:

any.

undertaken.

will

"Bour-

nothingto
very

very

well
soon.

is all gone

I must

ports,to

an

in

see

take

go to the
made.

great reputationsare

visit the

had

in his

not

were

January, 1798, he

to

stay,it

But

years

government

listen to

East; that's where

two

he felt out
of

reins

For

for

myself

you,

and

198

England

the

of the

Army

Egypt."
Bonaparte's visit

the

to

began February 10, 1798,

returned

He

Lille, and

Are

you

I didn't

Paris

to

Saint

what

satisfied ?
find

For

that

of

week's

only a

The

land

and

Africa
such

England,
"

who, with

more

only money,

exclaim, in
dam

"

I don't want

it.

the

expedition to Egypt was

parte
before, at Passeriano, Bonais

mole-hill; you

find

only in

East,

great revolutions
; to

win

"

the
and
were

triumphs

Mediterranean
Asia

; to

the

vast

reason

than

and

he had

moment

Wliither

of

To
in the

of

the

ions
relig-

tals
pedes-

strange,colossal,fabulous

attain

to

the

of men."

millions

remoteness

glory;

results ; to make
to traverse

that

or

of the country of the founders

light,
of empires; to use the Pyramids as

of his

had

confess

must

"

six hundred

are

greater by
of

trip?

grand hopes in
The
Bonaparte replied:

resources

"Europe

great empires and

grow

of your

result

part,I

my

year

said:

there

sels,
Brus-

General,"

Well,

"

he

tion.
dura-

through Antwerp,
the

heard."

moment

determined.

where

I shall go

the fate of France."

to trifle with

had

England

ports, which

risk is too great ; I sha'n't venture

From

invasion

of

East, and

Quentin.

great

any
and

saw

fear, an

northern

was

Bourrienne, "what's

asked

If, as

doubtful, the Army

seems

become

will
to

Sulkowski.

and

Lannes,
of

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

dreams

Fouquet,
glory,

shall I not

rise ?

from

of this

man

"

for

was

"

rapture

India

East

wrest

"

"

lake ;

French

Quo

Fouquet

tempted to
non

aseen-

The

unknown,

was

No

him.

yet
knew

one

he

where
faith

to

pany
accom-

going,but

was

felt in

was

take
under-

to

wanted

one

every

blindly,for

followed

was

199

EGYPT.

expedition he proposed

of the

aim

TO

EXPEDITION

THE

BEFORE

he

his star.

tions,
Strangelyenough, Bonaparte did not give any indicaof the point of
to his principalgenerals,
even

having

Moniteur^ in its issue of March

The

destination.
had

the

imprudence

Directorynullified
order

'lishingan
go to Brest

to

Militarymen
in

this

command

not

were

in

also wished

to

that

had

he

not

been

able

old

won't

Lays

go

with

speaking of

this

We

the occasion

the soldiers.

he."

to

the

and

bound

Opera.

"

him

ships
hard-

the

am

servatory
Con-

the

to

that

sorry

us," said the general to Arnault,

one

; we

arose,

would
No

one

Bonaparte wished

would

need

sing at
have

would

bard, who

the head

had

such

suit

of

our

might,
umns.
col-

our

good

effect

better than

me

to transfer the civilization

From

chose

Dolomieu

Monge, Berthollet,Denon,
and

been

have

Paris to the shores of the Nile.

authors, Arnault

gretted
re-

Lays, the

endure

to

was

singer; "he

need

His voice
on

take part

take with

to

singer. But Ducis was too

of a campaign, Mehul

when

to

land.
Eng-

along. Bonaparte always

go

composer,

Ossian.

of

Army

asking to

Ducis, the poet, Mehul, the

he

Bonaparte

of the

alone

by pub-

ists,
expedition: civilians,scholars,engineers,art-

and
"-

General

commanding

the

Egypt,

effect of the blunder

the

take

mention

to

31,

Parceval

from

the savants
;

from

of

he
the

the artists,
Rigel,

200

the

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

and Villeteau,the singer,

who
pianist,

took

Lays's

parts at the Opera.

Bourrienne, who
asked

generalhow

the

Egypt. "A
Bonaparte ;

little

the

of workmen,

twenty-nine;
Tell every

did
a

not

the

All

his

because

who
his

are

only

not

old

well, in India.

war

the

and

with

Paris,

and

bridled.

Austria

with

in

the

pedition,
Egyptian exalthough he
day, he kept

spurs,

Night

missed

was

doned,
nearly aban-

Egyptian plan was

complicationssoon
resumed

and
his

uniform.

the

He

he

time

campaign

continuallywore

wear

were

artists,all
We

actors.

for action.

eager

Italian

moment,

but the

circumstances.

on

if all goes

horse in his stable,saddled

One

years," answered

: that's
thirty-five

me,

stay in

to

speaksof our departure,that you

Brest.
Say the same
thing to your

to

the
he

see

tion,
expedi-

who

family."
Bonaparte Avas
of powder.
smell
between

six

or

and

shall be

we

one

going

are

he meant

country; bring over

women,

six years will

these

long

while,

of the

secret

everything depends

"

I shall colonize
sorts

in the

was

seemed

vanished, and

vigor.

imminen^
the preparations

There

were

many

regrettedBonaparte'sdeparture,and said that

in France.
The Directorywishes
real place was
"

away," the poet Arnault told him ; France

The
Parisians blame
wishes
to keep you.
your
than
bitterly
they are crying out more
resignation;
to

ever

get

"

you

against

they will

the

government.

at last cry out

after you ?

Aren't
"

"

you

The

afraid

Parisians

BEFORE

cry,

but

THE

will

they
but

horseback,
come.

no

We

EXPEDITION

never

they
one

shall

would

leave

are

TO

do

anything

not

unhappy.

follow

to-morrow."

me

201

EGYPT,

they
If

the

time

contented,
dis-

are

got

on

hasn't

XXI.

FAREWELL.

THE

AT

TOULON.

and

3, 1798, Bonaparte

MAY dining quietly

went

acting in

was
as

warmly

the

play

the

to

as

he

over,

Victoire, he

spies,who
of the

expedition,he
had

quietly,and
to

leaving.

Yet

she would

this

not

bid

Germain

whether

and

should

of

202

When
started

Paris
next

at

had

farewell

allow

de

to

la
the

to

way

destination

the

all his

preparations
to

Saint

daughter,

before

Josephine
her
not

Bonaparte
her

rue

outwitting the English

made
let

even

and

the

his

on

ing
nothwhen

in

was

knew

morning,

ignorance of

mysterious expedition on

start.

and

Josephine still did

be away,
he

home,

the
he

still in

were

received

was

return.

Lavalette.

desire

the

He

of his

already well

was

With

South.

Talma

days

that

thought

Frangais, where

him, in his carriage,Eugene,

departure;

one

bourg,
Luxem-

went

Bourrienne, Duroc, and

every

the

at

of Ducis.

the first

midnight,taking with
of his

Barras

Theatre

the Macbeth
on

was

with

Josephine, after

to

go

know
had

not

how

long

told her

accompany

him

he

about

which

was

on

to

204

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

all

over

with

no

18th

Brumaire,

Napoleon

gods love die

for Napoleon

to die at

who

men

and

for themselves

in 1798

But

all

was

for

the

been well
his greatest
Do

not

them.
far from

making such
Toulon, May 9, he

reached

he

drew

Toulon, he

at

whom

live too long

indispensable
their country? Short as is

In

pride,enthusiasm, hope.

smothering ;

the

it have

misfortunes

his

too

When

reflections.

those

would

long for
Bonaparte was

life,it is

human

called

are

that

Were

before
twenty-nine,

also before

but
glories,
the

And

young

Waterloo

no

they said

right when

ancients

Pyramids,
onation,
Empire, no cor-

Consulate, no

no

Austerlitz,

no

battle of the

no

Paris, he

full

was

In

breath.

Paris, in the neighborhoodof the Directors, he feared

to

with

assumed

he

of

one

no

less

tomb, and

In

At

the

man.

and

of arms,

he

was

is natural

murmur

trumpets, the

roar

de Stael

instead of

of his army

of the

again,

in this

had

lifted its

he

waves,

posed
ex-

popular

that of courts."

have

glad to

the

remaining

Paris
brilliancy,

of the

only

Toulon, he felt himself

For

seemed

heavy

felt himself

cheers of the soldiers and

the

dignity

de Stael said,

who

man

ingenious than

presence
The

poeticperson,

all its animation

a

is

relations

air of

Madame

gossipof Jacobins, which

to the

is

in his

meant, to quote Madame

He

to become

form

and

an
alternately

He

in command."

master.

familiarity
; but, as

he failed in both.

when

"

be their subordinate

them

and
"

to

seem

lid.
new

the clash
sailors,
the

voice

drums, inspiredhim.

of the
He

only

saw

bound

the

he

whither

of

going:

what

was

Crimea

Did
To

of the Pharaohs
To

capture Jerusalem

to

penetrate

in the

great interest

The

The

for

him

to

stake

his

career

of the

It

tries to

this desire

of

hunter

win,

about

was

Wliat

he

the

was

to leave

tear

have

to

he

and

seemed

would

out
Through-

extraordinary,
with

cope
He

who

joy to

obstacles

always pursued
as

the

gambler
When

country, any

he

feeling

unworthy of a
thought a weakness.
longer Josephine,but

to

have

reallyloved, was

fall.

keen

devouring passion.

his wife

iously
anx-

greater its

his prey,

pursues

with

"

regret would

man

was

would

of the

generallythought insuperable.
a

ignorance

to

like those riders

find this love

unknown,

victoryas

due

everything and defy fortune.

we

The

masses.

England

was

horse.

restive

Those

uncertaintyprevailed

Asia.

He

Bonaparte.

only for

care

the

perilousthe adventure,

more

charm

Alexander?

the thunderbolt

where

wondering

of Suez ?

Godfrey of Bouillon, and

same

and

Europe, Africa,

over

Isthmus

expeditionwas

of its destination.

to the

the land

imagination of

the

was

to conquer

pierce the
like

England ;

to

mean

knew

one

his fleet

coast

India, like

into

mysteriesfired

he

No

war.

Portugal or

to

Egypt.

to

or

to

205

TOULON.

brilliant side

whether

"

AT

FABEWELL

THE

no

him

glory.
A

few

months

his wife with

given place to
more

before,he would

him

to the

the hero.

love-letters such

as

wars

He

but

was

he wrote

perhapshave
now

to

the lover

write

from

taken

to

her

has
no

Italy, It was

206

CITIZENESS

Jean

longer

no

him

but

could
to

Jacques

Plutarch,
reached

they

as

her

expose

the

to

the

five thousand

follow within

two

in

she had

months, when

the first time.

So

May 15 : My
days at Toulon

dear
;

was

to

"

sorry

able

Caroline.

which

to

say

But

seeing you

had

he should
send

brought

her

Hortense, I have
tired

not

was

have

left you

good by
somewhat

again very

consoled

soon.

Italy. He
Hortense,
to my

Good

will send
I shall

dear

by

the

hope

Bonaparte

does

wants

to

me

have

soon

in two

the

by, my
knew

that he had

dear
from

better

kept him

not

go

to

voyage

to

me

months.

So, dear

pleasure of pressing

heart, and of telling

you

Bonaparte
winds

for

without

my

watering-placebefore undertakingthe

him, but

for five

to

some

sail with

daughter,

journey,but

and

you

the

France

suddenly

so

to

her

been

the

by

should

to

me

to

harm.

no

be settled

her

to

was

fetch

to

Josephine wrote

am

woman

she

wish

you.

her, promised that she

that he would

you

he

alreadysailed

leagues; that

Egypt ; and
frigatePomone,

of

for

no' terrors

the heat of the East could do her

console

being

soon

expedition. Josephine

thingshad

Bonaparte,to

very

As

Egypt, since he was

unwilling
the fatiguesand
dangers of the

that in three voyages

and

Creole

interested

Bible, the Koran.

climate,and

than

more

who

Toulon, he told Josephine that

said that all these

like her

the

Rousseau

take her to

not

voyage,

BONAPARTE.

how

I love

much

girl."
the

movements

be off without

detained

for ten

of the

delay,but

days at

lish
Engtrary
con-

Toulon.

FAREWELL

THE

this time

He

spent

the

loading,and

hundred

sail

it,and

on

vast

carried

to

three-decker,with

alongsidein order. Never

Soldiers
expeditionbeen seen.
Yet

confidence.

had

cooler

great dangerswhich

rendered

the

so

and

ors
sail-

heads,

not

by warlike ardor and by the

well aware
youth and courage, were

of

down

bear

sighted,to

was

tillery,
ar-

orders,

away

fervor

about

thousand

ten

range

full of

were

each

for

water

months, carried

all sorts, and

fleet

English

naval

ranean.
Mediter-

grenadiers,accustomed

placed on

the

case

the

on

suppliedwith

was

for two

of

hundred

forth

to set

food

men

Five
W3re

in

about

with

forty thousand
sailors.

addressingthe army, completing

organizinga system of tactics. Five

fleet,which

month, and

207

TOULON.

in

were

The
a

AT

twofold
of the

of the expedition

success

improbable,if not impossible.

Arnault, who
fleet had

been
was

met

lost,not

sailed with

the enemy

the army,

it would

have

of the

Army

of

the very

oppositereason.

about

shipswith

in

Since

their full

board, the soldiers tripledon

for its defence

necessary

quota of
each
;

and

taken

place,their

men

ship the
in such

confused, the handling of

cannon-balls
found

three

would

have

of
men

the

would

movements

enemy

the

alreadyon
number
case

of

thing
everya

have

ships encumbered,

would

for

distributed

they were

superfluousis a positivedisadvantage.If
had

Italy

large numbers, but

present in sufliciently

not

men

if the

the voyage,

on

the flower

because

said that

fight
been
and

necessarilyhave

where, in ordinarycircumstances, it

found

one

or

no

one

at

all.

Arnault

208

CITIZENESS

also mentions
and

BONAPARTE.

the inconvenience

its material

the shrouds

the decks

littered

have

had

to

have

to
begun by sacrificing

be

expedition.
would

face of

ships
with

of

and

that

goes

good

Malta?
had

we

with

luck

Yet

adds

one

"

would
in

the

that

the

short-

crew

encumbered

success

sort, would

required

the enemy
of the

to

in

almost
we

were

would

Bonapartecould

not

but

enforced

we

to

were

then

were
probabilities

chance

have

been

expeditionto succeed,"

was

of the pause

lightheart
even

the

"there

in view

the

one

was

sight of

acknowledged that
which

win

destroyed,
by meeting
impossibleto count
upon
have
not
a
victory would

For

"

on,

no

All
not

simo
generalis-

even

then

even

progress, and

our

it

the convoy.

such

He

the

the

vessels of every

squadron;
victory,and

and

ruined

the

compelled to

chances.

necessityscattered,and

voyage,

have

of

means

material
which
artillery
vented
prehandling; that this vast fleet,
composed

sloopsand

Marmont

the

that

should

we

same

adverse

and

troops

saved

defence

insufficiently
equipped, the
ignorant,the men-of-war

any
a

the sea, and

thing,and that he
justifyan expedition made

to

proper

of

the

many

were

handed

find himself

says

so

into

tillery
ar-

of attack,all would

case

victorywould
prayed Heaven

We

undertake

not

In

"

the

obstructed,

were

not

Marmont

by it.

thrown

Even

conquest.

produced by

hundred;
certain

we

ruin.

how

smooth

expect

slowness
make

of

before

against us;
were

sailing

It must

be

playing a costly game,

scarcelywarrant."
admit

that Fortune

would

be unkind
her
no

deemed

than

more

obstacles

going,

he

But

he

ship

succeeded

in

believed

to

that

great

of

and

me

of those

one

themselves

destiny; he
companions.
in

him.
when

moments

themselves

be to

fortune

believed

they

as

English

my

his

eyes

well

there

can

it to

himself, and

nature, and look upon

his

the

in tliis faith in his

sincerelyimagine

men

storms

In

ships.
fearing

carries

had, in fact,reached

He

feared

He

Returning, as

communicating
in

favors from

many

himself. What

alone

not

was

so

Nelson's

thought

said

He

for the

won

idle dreams.

209

TOULON.

her his slave.

never

fear

had

he feared

were

cruisers.

He

He

him.

to

that he

AT

FAREWELL

THE

human

above

demi-gods.
departure.Nelson,
as

the
May 19, the day of the
English admiral, was guarding the port. A violent
of the
French
squall, which
damaged only one
and
drove the English fleet into the offing,
frigates,
it

damaged
withdraw

the French

husband

her

with

moment;
when
over

him

could

he should
see

The

he
see

not

his

resume

1, twelve

days after

parte
farewell of Bona-

The

"

few

been

women

know

to

see

when

again,even

her
he

amiable.

so

passionately. He

her

her

could

obliged to

touching. All who

Bonaparte," says Bourrienne,

Toulon,

to

was

most

Madame

loved

he

sailed.

that there have

Her

Nelson

till June

Josephine was

known

know

Toulon

fleet had

and

'*

repairs,and

for
before

station

have

severely that

so

had

carried

until

the

last

parted

from

her

whether

he should

her?"
hour

of

departure

had

come.

Bonaparte's

210

had

proclamation
"

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

have

Soldiers,you

sieges;

there

found

fought

remains

for you.

sea

and

sometimes

the

on

plains of

Zama.

men.

man
Ro-

imitated,
on

Victory never

them, because

this
serted
de-

brave, patient to

they were
and
disciplined
fatigue,

endure

The

yet equalled,fought Carthage both

not

sea

all his

mountain, plains,in

on

have

you

of

hearts

at

war

legions,whom
but

the

united.

The

Genius

of

Liberty,which, since its birth,has made France

the arbiter of Europe, demands
that she become
that
of the

and

seas

of

the

awaited

the

to those

of the forts.

signal;

heightsabove
on

the

cannon

vast

of the

fleet

ships replied

multitude

port gazed with

The

covering the

emotion
patriotic

the

lit by a brilliant
imposing spectacle,which was
sun.
on
a
balcony of the InJosephine was

tendant's
who

house, trying

make

to

her

out

through

husband,

spyglass.

of the French

fleet?

Would

get supplies at Malta?

Would

the

to become

was

able

to

already embarked,

was

What
be

the

nations."

remotest

fortress open

its doors ?

Would

it

pregnable
im-

he get to

Would
they
they be able to land?
have to fight,
not merely againstthe Mamelukes, but
also againstthe numberless
hordes of Turkey? What
did it matter?
Bonaparte believed himself master of

Egypt?

Would

fortune.

Josephine was

"

alarmed

fickle

waves

at

at

sea

and

the cheers that saluted the

from

the

husband

seeing her

of the

admiral's

alarmed

once

of

and

brave

destiny;

the

sails

proud of
At a signal

and

departinghero.

the
flagship,

proud,
equally

were

bent, the

XXII.

PARIS

DURING

in

JUST
always
as

the

follows

THE

comes

hate.

or

irascible

violent

wrath,

scepticism.
for

instance,

sounds

like

fashioned,
months
old

which

at

one

is

perhaps
the

passions. During

for

nearly ten

endured
As

such

Th"3ophile

laughed
and

intense

at

the

absurd

had

ficklest

Year

VII.

in

for

old-

few

resemble
in

its tastes

Paris

and

was

the
and

weary

militaryglory.
populace

varied

bates,
de-

which

sightsand

emotions.

Lavall^e

has

Republic, not

dresses,but
212

an

parliamentary

such

seen

who

all cities

the

little interest

years

one,

every

Of

or

Marseillaise^

the

suddenly

Politics, literature, newspapers,

but

there

in indifference

everything except pleasures and

had

paroxysm

another, like

masses

draw.

cannot

Orators

chorus.
the

in

popular crises

ends

; at

calm

city,however

arouses

hymn

moved

world, Paris

of

moment

sublime

who

actors

so

revolutionarysong,

worn-out

ago

terrible
often

natures

remain

always

After

lassitude

VK.

most

fieryits passions,cannot
of energy

YEAR

at

said

merely

its wisest

"

at

Every

one

its festivals

institutions,at

PABIS

purest men."

its

able

been

have

to be

orators

Jacobins

of the

lamentations

the

of the

denunciations

the

ruled

Paris

of material
of rule

was

not

honest
true

no

down

all about

Republicans,too

was

no

longer

to him

was

end

very
of

"

dictatorship
;

men,

after

having

idol, and

new

whose

austerity

day, found

selves
them-

them.

by Royalism
for the

to

ists,
Royal-

flatterers of Barras

their

lips;

and

he

"

gentleman

cere,
sin-

not
seriously. It inspired,

The

merely with

form

uously
stren-

were

passed

from

paid
for he

"

clear-sighted felt that he had come

his tether.
The
followinglines upon

democratic
hand

Republican

taken

wrath, but contempt.

What

few

determined

tinctured

much

for

room

mained
upright Gohier, re-

of the

manners

the

court

Only

got

before force, these

longersuited the
estrangedfrom
The Directory,too

suit

the

ideal, had

its

the

to

for every

by publicopinion,which,

libertyfor

more

Royalist.

to found

attempt

no

the

selfishness,the love

principlesand

to their

but abandoned

bowed

the

sword.

Republicans,like

The

no

than

was

indifference

of the

that

to resist every

had

for

club

for

more

party

idea, but

an

The

listened

There

or

joys,scornful

except

no

one

other.

Republican legend

processions

preachers.

Emigres,and

the

not

without

streets

Patriotic

cared

Parisians

for

than

the

tedious

as

would

masquerades.

as

upon

regarded

were

majority of

vast

to

looked

213

VII.

Reason

through

the crowd.

excitingthe jestsof
began

of

goddess

walk

to

YEAR

THE

BUBING

to

hand

the
this
to

214

CITIZEN

More

"

than

Nero

ESS

BONAPABTE.

is my

viscount

Struttingbeneath
king of

This

which

At
*Tis

the airs of

importance,and
the

Paris

laughs low

risingsun

Agamemnon."

should

appear.

of
religious
feeling,

GSnie

invisible.

founded
Theophilanthropists,

religionimposed

creed.

short
a

of the Directors,

one

As

belief of the

virtue

God

here

by

the
is
of

means

Greek

had

pilferedthe

be the

R^veillere

Le-

burlesque.

mere

its adherents

have

said

Its

It

"

very

It

temples

Silence

'

was

were

and

spect
Re-

recommended

With

compilations

moralists, Theophilanthropy
of nations

wisdom

to

make

of it

libraryinstead of on a
Its Pater Noster,as proposed by one
of
tabernacle.
the members
of the sect, had expunged the phrase,
is omnipresent; also
who art in heaven, because God
the phrase,forgive us
our
trespasses as we forgive
moral

those who

It rested

to

was

lication
pub-

La

worshipped.'
handbills.

the

the

upon

suscitation
re-

worship of

:
inscription

Chinese

and

from

code.

was

The

The

compactest form.

by
distinguished
;

by

Goncourts

the

which

Christianisme

du

yet almost

signal,was

new

grime ;

conspicuous for morality.

not

was

of the

The

in his

Luxembourg had lost all their

one
was
watching the horizon

every

of the

paux,

tone

Harlequin, Pantaloon, or Jack pudding.

festivities of the

where

cap

harangues in

straw

the idler

Putting on
The

his red

despot ;

have

equivalent

to

phrase,lead

us

on

trespassedagainstus,
saying
not

into

imitate

us;

on
temptation,

because

and
the

that is

finallythe

ground

that

PABIS

it

changes

God

into

YEAR

THE

DURING

devil.

Every

Jews, Protestants, Mohammedans

one

days

of the Foundation

those

were

feast

religion. The

Catholics,

"

could

"

ophilanthropists,
preservingwhatever
their

215

VII.

be

The-

they wanted

of the

of the

of

worship

new

Republic,of

the

Sovereignty of the People, of Youth, of Married

People,of Agriculture,of Liberty,of Old Age. The
of their prayers
of Theophilanthropy,by means
priests
for

all the

favor.
in

with

churches

of

churches

their

were

those of the

to

was

"

succumb

^sop

the
in

from

Director

six

and

till eleven

at

years

This

the

in the

after eleven
the
the

Mahomet,

"

four

ridicule.

to

to them

as
Reveillere-laid-peau,

to last but

could
Christianity
than

allotted

were

Theophilanthropists. But

La
ophilanthropist,

called

official

originalpossessors,

open

hunchbacked

the

secured

government,

for the rites of Catholicism, and

morning
for

the

Catholic

The

common

same

of

acts

sect

The-

he

was

the most, and

grotesque

of

imitation

longerpleasethe impious more

devout, and wags were
going to call this
office the pope of the citoyens
filoux-en-troupe
no

[gang of sharpers]."
Certainlyit
reform

in morals
for

became

the

societythere

could

the
order
rose

of

speculationand

of

their

from

not

was

come

of
a

the

conceit.

new

other

purificationof

day.

that

sect

springswere

society.
From

manded
de-

Scandal

the

dregs of
of upstarts, the product
swarm
immorality,who made a display

cynical habits, their

grotesque

this

The

tasteless

luxury, their

Republic possessednumber-

216

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

less Turcarets.

These

upstarts tried

outdo

to

the old

farmers-general.Royalistsand Republicans vied in

viciousness
and frivolity.
Women's
fashions became
abominably
bounds.

no

Goncourts

to

bared
feet

and

'

shoulder.
with

was

about

been

covered

The

charms

and

grace
awkward

it was

legs

thongs

this

for

; a

"

the

toes."

For

abandoned

said,

"

of

figure,

juste lost

the

garment.

nearly two

the

mars

some

ioned.
old-fash-

as

well-made

means

old

set off

dishonors,'

wool

was

precisionby
of

the

Jewelled

should

on

folds

chemises

worn

which

chemise

folds

with

was

arms.

alone

worn

awkward

makes

the

chemise," it was

The

"

It

"

diamond

the

even

have

fell lower

robe

had

ually
grad-

the ankles,

The

gold rings were

time

and

it

as

"

the

to

fastened

were

The

which

arms

tried

they

elbow, being suspected of being ugly arms,

the

and

benefit that

nakedness.

bosom, and

the

were

much

so

introduce

to

The

parody of antiquityknew
"By the restoration of Olympus," the
have said, "the
Impossiblesof the new

derived

France

upon

indecent.

waving
.

its

and

Women

thousand

years;

absurdlyold fashion."
than
fatal to the health
those
more
Nothing was
fashions which required the sun
of Greece, and were
by our French Aspasias through the fogs
yet worn
and

an

frost

towards
young

the

of

end

girls die

winters.

our

of
since

Dr.

1798, that

he

the fashion

Delessarts
had
of

seen

gauze

said,
more

dresses

PARIS

in, than

came

DURING

in the

fashions

THE

YEAR

fortyyears
destined

were

before.
last

to

217

VII.

Tlie extravagant

longer tlian

no

Theophilanthropists.The poet Panard

representedVenus, at the last council of Olympus,
as
opposingthese too transparent draperies:

the

of

sect

"

"

The

charms

Without

Leave

have

decency

veil

dint of

By

Women

that

admired

are

speaking to

nothing to

put

resumed

everywhere

its

on

to-day,
the eye,

say to the heart."

their

again, and

chemises

rights.

Societygraduallyreorganizeditself,but slowly and

with
difficulty.A few aristocratic drawing-rooms
opened, but only to
at

sneer

which

and

men

appeared

crowded

ridicule

with

the

things.
few

institutions, to

new

The

official world,

ambitious

gentlemen,

in

was

speculators,parasites,the
intriguers,

flatterers of every

form

of power.

If the

drawingwere
rooms
rare, theatres, subscriptionballs, public
The
Cafe
gardens, caf^s, tea-gardens,abounded.
Vdry,

the balls of Richelieu, of Tivoli, of Marbeuf,

the

Pavilion

and

the

of Hanover,

Frascati,were

motley throng that

filled them

good society crowding

The

families

of

the executioners.
Who
of
common

knows,
the

the

morrow!
enemy,

the

victims

Why
foes of

hate

fashionable,
did

for

them

not

vent
pre-

amusement.

did

not

mind

one

another, after all ?

meeting

yesterdaymay be the allies

had
Jacobins
a
Royalists and
had
the Directory, which
perse-

218

CITIZEN

cuted

each

People

Conqueroi-s and conquered,pro-

in turn.

scribei-s and

of the old

Fructidor, the
it

as
dry guillotine,

were

of too

future.

The

events

the

opened

the Club

of

old

the

date

du

it

like

friends

the

blood

run

those
to

dread

Jacobins

had

not

the

not

renown

alarming,and

still

was

sounded

the

It had

Manege.

stains
Blood-

memory,

for him

of

survivore

libertyand

of

enemies

recent

la

Cayenne, the
the

Parisian's

de

And

stones.

called, made

was

clubs, but

orators' voices

the

transportationto

short

However

cold.

mark

some

Place

scaffold?

recallingthe
to

with

yet

througli the

pass

still seemed

18th

into amusement

hearty zeal, but

without

Revolution

dance.

same

r"^gimeplunged

could

Who

alarm.

in the

proscribed,met

rest, with

like the

BONAPARTE.

ESS

the

funeral

knell.

of

approaching

the

Tlie

forgotto recall the red spectre

suspecting it, all
Republic. Without
preparing to play Bonaparte's game.

dictatorshipnever

against the
parties were
This

all,without
and

the

into

bulletins

became
than

more

in

became
it

of

every

ruins; only

that he

one

even

those
more

more

who
of

victories.

interested
of the

in

Seine.

persuade

was

the

protector

military side

the

speeches were

The
the

of

from

rarer.

As

vived.
sur-

public
the

Nile

Bonaparte

as
English cruisei-s
interesting,

difficult and

Of

eager

Parisian

shores

News

to

was

be left.

would

man

tired of

were

to

was

Everything

one.

Republican legend,only
Those

for

France,

saying a word,

saviour

crumble

bewitched

who

man,

made

Madame

XXIII.

DURING

JOSEPHINE

have

WE

Let

us

societyof
husband

formed

not

return

she

the fall,so

At

Plombieres

that

way,
for

she received

Egyptian expedition,from
of Cairo, and

that

that she must

Later

she

she

meant

and

had

it had

At
to

give up

heard

that

to sail to

been

Paris

and
220

of

balcony

ladies of her

severelybruised

was

she

in

was

danger.

her first tidingsfrom

capture

from

the Pomone^

Egypt, had
an

of

Malta

the
to

Bonaparte'sletters

of

hope

captured by

left the harbor

the end

all

she

She met

wooden

several

the

learned

the

Plombieres

to

three months.

days

some

by

Paris after her

went

there

and

there

part.

standing with

was

acquaintance,gave
by

VII.

friends,and

directlyto

alarming accident

which

taken

stayedthere

for the waters, and

on

phice was

Toulon, but

sailed from

an

in the Year

relatives and

she

which

Josephine did

with

what

see

now

CAMPAIGN.

Paris

just glanced at

Bonaparte, her

Madame

EGYPTIAN

THE

joininghim
the

there.

ship in

returned

to

which

France,

English cruiser just as

of Toulon.

September, 1798, Josephine returned

bought

the estate

of Malmaison,

near

the

DURING

villageof

EGYPTIAN

THE

Rueil.

It cost

francs, and

she

hundred

one

and

husband's

1799.

The

spent in Paris

house

in the

Her

No

back

from

possiblyhe
wife

Joseph

and

had

influence

all their

from

her

de

she

give

told

her

their sister-

brother.

Josephine's

untrue

is

public scandal,

no

into

her husband,

to

of their insinuations.

proof

than

son,

had

such

no

her

"

her

she confided

to

her

no

de

Ver-

Bonaparte,"
what
some-

even

sooner

seen

my

of thing-s

number

her.

Memoirs,

Madame

Madame

had

able
un-

who, far

naturallyexpansive,and
she

Avere

to defend

one

mother,

For

matters.

woman

describes,in

at Malmaison.

indiscreet; and

and

jealousof

reputationof

and

when

suspicionsabout

was

no

pry

and

she

made

little

come

six years

or

some

there

R(^musat

says, "was

mother

five

were

that

the

husband

visit which

she

would

malevolence, Bonaparte's brothers

Madame

gennes,

her

wholly happy

liimself

their

right to

tarnish

to

of

carefullystrengthened by

over

Besides, when
no

slie

summer

in

husband

gone

who

they could

historyhas

had

been

asserted

but

the

not

her

Avitli him

Lucien,

detractors

and

was

when

carried

which

in-law's

time

Egypt. He
he might be

he left that

his

this

knew

one

Here

money.

1798

her

de la Victoire.

rue

positionat

one.

of

she

sand
sixtythou-

for it in part with

paid

dowry, in part with her

passed the late autumn
winter

221

CAMPAIGN.

about

her

absent

short, about

Bonaparte

a
was

husband, her

world
looked

of

which

upon

as

brothers-in-law, in
we

knew

lost to

nothing.

France

his

222

CITIZENESS

wife

Does

this

not

took

attentions,which

some

people of

the

mother

neglected. My

was

paid her

we

BONAPARTE.

she

pity

forgot."

never

of the

languagebetraysome
the old

for the

Revolution, and

other

tried to turn

Corsican
insignificant

of

such
found

modest

figureat

fault with

with

Madame

The

habitues

prominent

the court

and

(?f Coblentz

glory,and

those

the
did

who,

of

not

XIY.

for her

cut

It

relations

Directory.
even

later,were

years

the

family

have

Louis

respect

parte
Bonaof

persons

of the

set

few

for

would

Bonaparte

Tallien

ridicule this

to

gentry who

Madame

which

scorn

I'dgimefelt for the new

Legitimistsocietyhad no more
respect
than

her;

on

tary
milito

throng the Emperor's palace,spoke contemptuously

of the Republican general. If the hero of Ai'cole had
fanatical
When
were

admirers, he had

he

What

fortunes

To

carry

This

France

But

he

If he

Madame

tlie

no

would

one

the

these

beautiful

his

doubts

be worth

worth

were

the grave,

to the clouds

is worth

what

hasteningto

Bonaparte,whose

fragments of
from

squandered

Bonaparte

warrior

into the water

thrown

are

are

many

satirical lines

"

talents

IIow

much

What

In

implacabledetractors.

leaving for Egypt, these

was

in circulation
"

also

weight in gold.
this ;

still more
he costs us."

main

interest

lay in

the

Faubourg Saint Germain, suffered

dreaded
pin-pricks.She especially

and

caustic

Madame

de

Contades,

DURING

inseparably connected

is

name

says

the Duchess

who

had

far from

"

dared
had

set

it,

he

used

to say

when

Italy and

yet

"

for

not

not

was

would

one

have

unless she

she was,

hatred

Bonaparte

was

acknowledge

even

reputation. Come, come,'

'

spoke of

mother

my

She

"

no

where

would

his

deserved

that

in

She

amusing.

most

France.

to

laugh in the room

the example. Her

to

eccentric,"

was

Abrantes, speakingof this lady,

of

recentlyreturned

melancholy,

her

of

affair

the

with

about

"Everything

Varennes.

Bouille, whose

de

MM.

sister of the

and

daughter

223

CAMPAIGN.

EGYPTIAN

THE

do

could

'I

Egypt;

she

all his victories

as

with

much

"

glance.'
Let

us

'

Cerutti, now

side

That

sit down

de

marquis

so

little

mad
A

'

nice
!

her

Not

is she with

her

here, and

hard

rooms

that

before

she asked

when

place,upon
Ernestine

daughter.
at all !
Why

my

You

of the
she

was.

de Beau-

him

the

largerotunda.

have

had

beside

in the world

into

in the

next

her

'

be

of

one

Are

other

to Madame
to

the old

shove

hustled

they were

now

acquaintance.'

your

she

are

are

arm

to

would

Who

'

Damas

reply was

word,

end

daughter. She is
is a place at
Here

renew

sole

(at the

Viscountess

recognizethe

Damas's

de

whose

on

Bonaparte. Stop !

Madame

the

"

Madame

she describes

as

Laffitte).

rue

asked

ladies?'

! don't you

Madame

'

Th^lusson

Marquis d'Hautefort,

What

to

mansion

two

harnais

'

the

rue

those
old

of Abrantes

ball at

of the

listen to the Duchess

you

room.

parte
Bona-

introduced

Marquis.'
yourself.
shouldn't

Ernestine

224

CITIZEN

make

her

nONAPARTE.

ESS

acquaintance,or

Mademoiselle

Hortense

de

that

make

do with

anything to

dishonor

who

to

d'Hautefort

such

the

Vendomiaire

18th

ence
differto

have

like people

I don't

women.

of

is

What

I don't want

The

liis shoulders

reply."
Many Royalistscould
the 13th

'

their misfortunes.'

shrugged

She

amiable.'
?

me

friend

Beauharnais

cliarmingpereon, gentleand
does

become

even

Marquis

and

made

no

forgiveBonaparte either
liis indirect participation
in

not

or

blamed

Fructidor, and

Josephine

for

her

friendshipwith regicides.They thought that these

nobleman
ties on the part of the wife of a guillotined
ill became

her birth and

something like apostasy. She

herself,however, for the intensityof some

positionthere

new

consoled

was

with

of the

Legitimistswith others who,

were
alreadypaying their
thouglit,
anticipationof

the

Caulaincourt

(the

Vicenza)

her

saw

In

the

father

very

of

often

the future Duchess

all that

left of the former

was

Saint Germain, and

men,

"

and

drawing-room of

gave

Madame
of

her

in

Marquis

of

to

her

wise

de

the

vice.
ad-

Permon

Abrant^s)

societyof

of

Duke

future

the

fore-

more

court

The

future.

near

(mother of

young

that in her

antecedents, and

she met

Faubourg

the brilliant circle of fashionable

de Noailles,de Montcalm,

de

Perigord,

de

de Montaigu, de
Montron, de Rastignac,de I'Aigle,

la

Feuillade,de Sainte-Aulaire.

very well in this centre

suited

her

to

charm.

of

Josephine appeared

elegance.
She

liked

The

life of Paris

balls,dinner-par-

EGYPTIAN

THE

DURING

ties,concerts, the

225

CAMPAIGN.

She
theatre, pleasure-parties.

was

hostess,and presidedwith great success

delightful
and admirers.
Her Thursday
a circle of friends
over
receptionsin the rue de la Victoire were
deservedly
the women
she
famous.
knew
Among
intimately
the Countess
were
Fanny de Beauharnais, Madame
a

of

the Countess
Caffarelli,

and

ossy,
and

the

rival

two

Madame

de

Regnault

Houdetot, Madame

Andre-

beauties, Madame

Tallien

though
Saint-Jean-d'Angdly.Al-

educated, Josephine had

indifferently
of literature,and

notion

and
the
des
Abbe

It

artists.

gladlyreceived
her

at

was

house,

that Legouve
Egyptian expedition,
and

Femmcs,
de

VEpee.

In her

de

Bernardin

meet

Bailly recited

that

the

at

ers
writtime

of

read liisMerite
his

drama, the

Saint-Pierre, Ducis,
Talma,

vague

famous

drawing-room there

Joseph Chenier, Mehul,

Picard, Colin

used

to

Lemercier,

Volney, Andrieux,

d'Harleville, Baour-Lormian,

dre
Alexan-

Duval.
With

with
the

the

Bonapartes Josephine exercised

With

great tact

them, and

avoided

her

left for

Egypt

brothers

and

as

determined

influence
he had

sisters

younger
himself

an

concealed

to

assert

his mother, Madame

desired

to

his

see

Joseph,

of the
his

he

discontent

with

family,who
Napoleon.

comfortablysettled

than

the head

over

her

breach

open

of this vindictive

members

annoyed by

she

macy.
diplo-

were

all

Before

he

mother

in Paris.

and
though
Al-

alreadyregarded

Bonaparte family,and
authority.

Letitia,who

of

any

was

In

his
born

was

absence,
at

Lec^-

226

1750, and

in

horn

was

still preservedtraces

held

beauty, still
She

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

much
of

woman

and

character

iron

an

the

to

was

heart, tlioughwith

than
her

modern

frivolous

Napoleon

she

would
and

serious

tron
ma-

her

nate
inordi-

wife,

economical

more

had

not

Joseph,the

ing.
breed-

no

preferredfor

deeplyregretteda marriage which

her

she

thought

happy.

son

oldest child,was

honest

an

gentle,

man,

sympathetic,well-bred, straightforward;his
courteous, his

were
was

born

1794,

in
rich

1768, and

of the
returned

to

to

Duphot,

married,

account

had

been

few

of

end

the

at

After

time.

that

of the

time

she

months

was

of

set

of

almost

bassador
Amhad

sister.

Napoleon

tragicdeath

day

he

his wife's

killed at Rome,
the

being

Rome,

at

him

of

possessor

Clary, whom

shortlybefore

After

the

Avas

Republic

At

marry.

who

eyes,

French

He

of Marseilles, Mademoiselle

that

D^sirde

affliction on

her

for

ners
man-

attractive.

was

Paris,bringingwith

Mademoiselle
wished

had

Clary,and

fortune

moderate

face

woman

young
Julie

Marie

at

Roman

have

and

made

son

kind

was

extravagance,

She

dress.

her

as

forgaveJosephine

never

her

stinacy,
ob-

herself,but

far

rather

was

woman,

more

point of

cold exterior,but with

ways,

of

love

concerned;

impetuous

for

so

children.

an

the

to

lavish

Letitia,who

with

avarice

to

and

poor,

Napoleon's glory
Madame

will,firm

even

her

over

great energy,

economical

generous

control

of marvellous

had

deep

in

General
before

for their

mourning, she

riage.
marwas

228

CITIZENESS

Louis

APATITE.

BON

who

Bonaparte,

accompanied Napoleon

born

was

but

Egypt,

to

Paris

with

despatches. Although

prove

more

hostile

Lucien, before

the

friendlyrelations
thought of him as

with

or

The
born

youngest
1784

in

clever
and

tired

Madame

Of

Elisa,who

was

and

whom

his

in

The

1780, and

during

Leclerc, lived in the

education

at

Germain, where

born

was

Madame
she

in

Beauharnais
imitate.
Rocher

married

with

rue

born

was

had

in

married

I'Eveque.

finishingher

was

school

companion

to

Verte, like

de la Ville

1782,

eldest,
1797

in

rue

campaign

Campan's
was

pleasure,

sisters,the

grande

Italian

the

of

agreeableand worthy

1777, and
in the

du

rue

second, Pauline, who

Lucien.

Caroline, who

tlie

wife, an

in

Bacciochi, lived

General

he should

Napoleon's three
born

was

lively,amiable, intelligent,

was

lived

Letitia

woman.

Felix

lie

the model

Joseph

son

perhaps

Napoleon's brothers, Jerome,

turbulent, fond
rattle-pated,
of always having Eugene de
as

Josepli

maintained

who
sister-in-law,

but

s[)okenof
her

his

to

was

either
he

to

son-in-law.

of

later he

18tli Brumaire

had

returned

than

Josephine

to

1779,

in

at

Saint
de

of Hortense

Beauharnais.
All these

girlshad

Pauline,
especially
woman

which

in

she

Paris, and
was

their mother's

inherited
who
was

called the

was

the

present. With

belle
the

beauty,

handsomest

of every
ambition

ball at
of

daughter of Ca3sars,and her irresistible beauty, she

triumphed in every drawing-room as did her brother

DUBING

who

from

wring

surpriseas

as

was

of those

one

coquettes

cry of admiration

public a

and

sight; who make

all their advantages,
and, regarding the
stage,are, so to speak,artistic beauties.

Madame

the

they

as

soon

of

the most
world

She

battle-field.

the

on

229

CAMPAIGN.

EGYPTIAN

THE

Leclerc

in

appear

fond

moderately

was

sister-

of her

tiful,
in-law, Josephine,who, although older and less beauheld

Paris world.

only

not

It

not

decorous, not
and

easy
to say

her

for

Josephine

manifest

itself ; and

and

the

contestinginfluences to
under the Republic, even
power.

The

house

in it could

the

be discerned

the

these

and

displayedthat

which

be

seen

tween
be-

in courts,

appeared

Napoleon

attained

before
rue

de la Victoire

Tuileries
the

on

She

the

and

She

was

dress,

on

to

bitions,
am-

Empire.

sums

luxury

ish
to flour-

were

Josephine

vast

of

scale

of the

risinggerms

spent

combination

small

so

was,

want

owned

pay

debts.
Madame
de Rcmusat
insignificant
that at this period Madame
Bonaparte showed

most

large

began to
the
jealousies,

thriftless people.
distinguishes
costly jewels, and often lacked money

us

this

antagonism

the
intrigues,

family annoyances,

often short of money.

on

even

with

heart-burnings,
quarrels,which
full-grownunder the Consulate and
Besides

more

the Beauharnais

in the

speak, a palace of

to

remain

to

terms
affectionate,

Bonapartes

even

sister Pauline.

powerful family. Already

the

the

Bonaparte,she promised

great beauty, but

possess

spiritthan

was

important positionin

more

As for Caroline

to

ambitious

much

the
tells

her,

230

CITIZEN

BONAPARTE.

ESS

"the

Malmaison,

prodigiousquantity of pearls,
which
she possessed; they
diamonds, and cameos
and
were
ah-eadyworthy to figurein the Thousand
and were
One Niijhts^
yet to be added to enormously.
at

Italy,gratefulafter
this abundance, and
touched

in

his

the

by

adds

Rdmusat
whose

place

mosaics,
But

the

the Pope, who

particularly

of

walls

that

the

Rome."
of

owner

filled with

Avas

Josephinebore
troubles

money

beyond measure,
happy fortune that

Madame
these

her

troubles very

treasures,
and

that beset
for

she

awaited

did

her
had

about

politicsor

distress

not

doubts

no

her.

lightly
; and
of the

ate,
Amiable, affectionan

temper,

even

deep voice, a kindly face,Josephine was

Never offending
woman.
any one, never
argue

de

pictures,statues,

with gentlemanners,
insinuating,

to

was

often in want.

was

her

to

queror
displayedby the conthe pleasureof planting

himself

the

on

contributed

consideration

denying

bannei*s

the invasion, had

ing
charm-

disposed

anything else, distinctly

with
that careless
that
obliging,endowed
grace
one's
to win
Creoles, anxious
distinguishes
every
sympathy, pleasingpeople of every social position,
she also possessed most
fullythe rare qualitywhich
covers

fault

every

women,

kindliness.

"

originof
they said,
dreaded

"

and

is

especiallyattractive

can
Royalistsforgavethe Republi-

the hero of the 13th

His

wife

is

so

Vend^miaire, when

kind."

People

who

presentationto Bonaparte paid homage

Josephine.

We

in

shall see, under

the

had
to

Consulate, peo-

pie of
the
the

EGYPTIAN

THE

DURING

the old

Madame
regime visiting
Bonaparte on
without
ground floor,
going a story higher,where
Consul

First

lived.

took
Legitimistsociety,

Josephine, while

of the
the

who

and
to

had
the

been
main

author

She

and

the

the

relations

of her

I'eceived in

at

ments
entertain-

good
with

her

graces

Barras,

wedding,

good fortune, continued

ship
the friend-

cultivated
especially

of the

one

seeking

all the

to

secured

Her

Republicanladyof

Gohier, wife of

well

of the witnesses

one

be excellent.
of

went

Directory,and

official world.

be

to

care

Republican society. She

of

231

CAMPAIGN.

austere

virtue,
"

She

Directors.

Madame

thought,

that intimacy with a woman

whose repurightly,
tation
would defend her own.
was
Moreover,
spotless
conciliated those Republicans whose
Gohier
stinctive
indread

of her husband's

ambition

needed

to

be

allayed.
Bonaparte was the purest
According to Josephine,
and those who
of patriots,
dared to doubt this were
in spiteof her
This woman,
moved by malice or quyj.
frivolous,insignificant
appearance, intriguedlike an
experienceddiplomatist.She did not think herself
think
skilful,
they are,
yet she was ; just as many
and are not.
The greatest men
have
been
aided by
whether
Without
sephine,
Jothey knew it or not.
women,
it is probable that Napoleon would
never
have become
in vain that he told
Emperor. It was
her not to talk politics
to meddle
with affairs : she
or
was

stillthe most
his absence

was

to show

efficient aid to his

she

prepared the

himself the master.

plans,and

field

on

which

ing
dur-

he

XXIV.

BONAPARTE

IN

uttered

EGYPT.

profound

he said,

trutli when

TACITUS
Major
longinquo reverential''
'-^

thus
in

which

translated

for

became

Egypt

Pyramids

Distance

"

the

were

glory." Bonaparte

Parisians

the

pedestal of

epic hero

an

his

historybecame

of their

centuries

adds to

the

wonderful

what

names,

memories

The

glory.

of

called

his
and

famous

they

the

forty

prologue

Egypt, Palestine, Syria, those

career.

be

may

forth

the

Pharaohs, the Holy Land, Christ, the Crusaders,

the

Bible, the

Bonaparte, who
in

Roman

the

Delivery

himself

in his

Gospel,
wrapt

toga

Bonaparte,

"

that rules the world

the

all

thinking of
of

an

had

ardor,

adventures
Crusaders

as

the
as

from
same

the

said,

of

old

displaymore

French

the

It's

nation
imagi-

who

life, kept

thought

effect which

and

same

nobility.

audacity or

during

the democratic

Revolution,

courage,

Talma

ever

the

on

like

his

Alexander

produce

the

"

Bonaparte,

conjectured

expeditionwould

chivalry,sprung
same

Parisians

Athenians,

the

such

the

Jerusalem!

fame,

great drama

of the

acts

who

of

heroism

felt the
thirst for
Did

the

than

the

BONAPARTE

companions
there

Book

of

names

Heated

by

did this
so

so

the

which

fullyat

ease

and

the

of

collection
the

ishable
imper-

men

by perpetual victory,the
Nowhere

life his visions

in

out

brilliant horizons

regretthis

land

of his

the conquest of Africa,and

attacked
this

tormented

soul

books

behind.

from

filled

imagination
Later

he

Plutarch

and

Hebrew

de

His

and

and

Titanic

Mahometan

infinite

Remusat

for
His

ambition.

Koran.

unknown

Madame

told

the

Europe,

enough

not

was

to

was

planned

of

then

colossal

with

in

poetry, strayed

Asia, and

by

Bible

the

were

he had

dreams, where

him.

before

after his coronation, after Austerlitz,he

Even

feel

Egypt, which

of

in this old land

as

is

gigantic plans.

carried

its vast

opened

fired

Pyramids, and

inscribed

brave

many

sun,

poet who

than

are

conceived

general

young

of the

greater

proclamations,in

his

233

EGYPT.

of the conqueror

Golden

IN

what

regions.
felt at

he

this strange period of his life,when

impossible.
free from
dreamed
them

"In

Egypt,"

bonds

the

strange dreams
into

the way

turban

my

on

composed by
concentrated

the
my

own

he

hindering civilization;I

and

action; I created

myself on

for my

of

to

Asia

head, and
In

me.

the
use

my

nothing seemed
said, "I found
myself

on

hand

English power
relations with

in

all

fancied

new

Alcoran,

should

have

worlds, exploring

two

histories,attacking

India, and

the old

enterprisesI

region of

put

elephant'sback, a

an

in my

to

way

religion; I

experiencesof
the

the

saw

Europe."

therebyrenewing

234

BONAPARTE,

CITIZENESS

What

varied

scenes

of

succession
! what

amazing pictures!

picturesquevisions

what

The

Nile,

the

Pyramids, the Mamelukes, their terrible cavalry

umphal
dashingitself to pieces againstthe squares ; the triinto Cairo

entrance

singing,"Let
perilsof
of

Allah

great

the

Who

but

bread

stolen

by

the

the

son

It is the great
!"

us

Listen

Bonaparte

to

and

the

"

be

Allah

to

Maliomet

and

God,

the

led to the shores of

with

dialogue between

Pyramid :
Bonaparte. Glory

God

of his enemies
has

the

from

saved

of the West?

men

in the

Mufti

has

longer wi'oth

no

Oriental

the

"

is

who

is he who

the Nile the brave

in the mosque

loving-kindnessof

the wrath

Who

Victory ?

Allah, who

is he

and

sea

the

sing

us

Arabs

the

wicked

is his

There

prophet.

turns

man

is

to

no

Tlie

dust in his

mouth.
"

The

Thou

Mufti,

hast

spoken

like the wisest

of

Mollahs.

^'-Bonaparte.I
of fire and

chariot
"-

art

The

Mvfti.

armed

with

drive it
Thou

one

of

belief that

other

times

he

was

not

founder
he

the cruel force

greatest captain,and

the

in

was

of

Egypt

pride fired

and

merely
of

at

was

the

same

If at certain

of distress.

grandeur and

prophet, the

heaven

power."

his ambition

moments

from

earth.

on

art

Bonaparte's condition
time

down

bring

can

him

conqueror

with

the

but also

a
demigod, at
religion,
brought back to the realityby
a

destiny.

His

soul

was

filled with

236

BONAPARTE,

CITIZENESS

the littlehouse
of

image

in the

de la Victoire,and

rue

the fair

ing,
Josephineappeared to him, always fascinat-

but

times

at

disturbing.He

her

imagined

at

the

of Barras,
Luxembourg, at the entertainments
surrounded
by young musicians and adorers whom
perhaps she encouragedby her smiles. This is what
is narrated by Bourrienne, who
was
present at an

of

outburst

Messudiah,

suspiciouswrath

walking alone with

become
paler than

always pale,had

quarter of

to

he

said

roughly.

devoted

I have

and

"

ought

to

to

have
!

in that way
out

me,

I'm

told

She I

You

ought to

have

this like

Is not

Junot.

fond

To
For

up,

If you

"

what

me

true

me,"

to

friend.
! You

to deceive

"

them
and

I will

me

wipe

popinjays!

Look

love thus do I blow

love !

thy
!

from

thy

I know

crown,

and

to heaven

hearted

'tisgone.

hell !

throne.

swell,bosom, with thy fraught,

aspics'
tongues !

"

everything.

here,Tago ;
hollow

"

publicdivorce

Othello f
Shakspeare's

tyrannous hate
'tisof

is

went

told me."

Arise, black vengeance,

Yield

and

leaguesaway

write !

"

All my

He

yes, divorce !

I must

"

told

have

of coxcombs
"

full exposure

would

tures
fea-

talkingwith

Josephine!

Confound

"

His

devoted

Josephine!

me.

As for her ! divorce !

a

six hundred

brood

the whole

of

his face,

usual.

After

not

are

you

from

Junot

hour, he left him

an

Women

"

justlearned

Josephine

wild.

"You

Bourrienne.

up

were

his eye

uneasy,

for

Junot

the fountains

El-Arish.

near

Bonaparte was

were

before

"

BONAPARTE

Bonaparte'sface changed,his
O !

"

beware, my

It is the
The

voice broke.

lord,of jealousy;

green-eyedmonster, which
it feeds

meat

on

Who

! what

Junot

for

woman

herself.

tried to
lack

of

who
"

tells he

calm

the

on

the situation

over

o'er.

thus

blamed

defend

to

does not

prove

the

trials to
of his

"

accusing
lightly

unable

Junot

"

he

general;

and

absent

by adding domestic

feel

suspects,yet stronglyloves!

went

bliss,

his wronger

not

minutes

mock

lives in

generosityin

was

No," he

his devotion
you

damned

dotes,yet doubts

Bourrienne

doth

that cuckold

Who, certain of his fate,loves

But, O

237

EGYPT.

IN

ness
uneasi-

companions

at

the

beginningof a hazardous enterprise."Bonaparte

not pacified
was
; he kept muttering somethingabout
divorce.
Bourrienne
spoke^to him about his glory.
I
what
My glory! he replied; I don't know
wouldn't
give to know that what Junot has told me
"

"

is not

true,
is

so

"

do I love that

much

divorce

guilty,a

I don't wish

...

idlers in Paris.

separate

If Josephine

us

forever.

of all the
laughing-stock
going to write to my brother

to be

must

woman

am

the

Joseph ; he will see to the divorce."

and
Nevertheless,Bonaparte softened a little,
at

"A

once

letter may

anger
time

that

than
to his

be

for

of the moment

intercepted;it

dictated

enough

reflected."

availed himself

it;

that

as

for the

later, when

Bourrienne

in this

Junot, and

Bonaparte

secretary rather than

case

to his

will

rienne
Bourto say

betray

the

divorce, there
shall

you
was

did

wiser

well

to

is

have
sellor
coun-

listen

fellow-soldier.

238

His

jealousywas
it with

de

Eugene
"

of

his

from

well

France, where
domestic
him

from

as

attempts

much

so

child,

Memoirs

great

which

he

made

were

prevailed

confidence

from

undermine
I

young,

that

some

received

to

was

causes

especially
among
news

cussed
dis-

he

his

inspired

spoke

to

of

me

sufferings.It was generallyin the evening that

his complaints and
made
confidence,stridingup

his

he
and

down

could

his

my

situation

of

The

of

confidences
In

one.

that
whole

the

precociouswisdom,
me," he
incident

"

says,
:

to

was

General
an

her

in

as

for which

Bonaparte

and
it

; so

had

General, who

part of

She

never

went

out

receiving

least, a delicate
and

tact

grateful.
step-fatherand

by
been

was

the

following

paying

ran

rumor

became

duty

to

without

very

accompany
an

out

woman,

positionas

my

tions
atten-

drove

clever

the

once

that

my

permitted."

sometimes

step-son of the General

was

so

"

my

nearly broken

barouche.

his mistress

Avas

far

could,

Bonaparte was

officer's wife, and

a

showed

he

matter

he
his

the

is, at

sort

whom

of seventeen

youth

to

tried to soften

respect for him

bad-looking. At

not

Since

Avell

as

harmony existingbetween

The

and

only one

freely. I

him

youth and

the

was

himself

I consoled

my

with

tent.

unbosom

anger;

she

discontent

happiness. Though

with

to have

began

the

in his

says

part of the army,

certain

generals,as

"

step-son,Josephine's own

Beauharnais, who

annoyance,

as

wild at this time, that he

so

commander-in-chief

The

in

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

that

camp
aide-de-

painful.
the

aide-de-camp,

alreadyhad

I had

humiliated

so

ask for

that I called
his

between

interview

his drives

treated

never

Of

from

him

four

Egypt,

to

and

Lavalette
was

bands

reconnoitre

the

Eugene

always

was

he

of

Bonaparte
man,

remember

seek

danger;

that

in

must

him

or

with

business

be

satisfied

duty,and doing it well, and leave the

Another
time, during the siege
d'Acre,
an

the

commander-in-chief

order to the most

Bonaparte
with

sent

third.

had

only two

and

Lavalette.

forward,

and

Eugene

should

I don't

want

said
not
to

If there

the

him

"

to

Mamelukes,
One

beckoned
to

hear

send

him
:

"

this

in

to

the

low

ness,
eager-

Young

"

must

we

with
rest

"

day,

his usual

never

doing

our

God

to

"

of

Saint

an

officer with
he

go, and

Eugene

and

desert

Jean

killed.

was

also killed

was

had

order

aides with
He

sent

and

Merlin

sound.

exposed position;

another, who
The

Julien,

back, saying,

our

took

wounded,

were

the first to volunteer.

called

we

of it."

and

Arabs

hasteningforward

was

; two

ride into

to

"

account

"

got through safe

alone

lady,and

Bonaparte

Beauharnais

dangerous duty,

when

de

Eugene

tinued
discon-

he

perished there,

Guibert

Sulkowski, Croisier,and
Duroc

on

the

was

that

with

less well

to

lively

me

that moment

barouche

any

me

somewhat

eight aides-de-campwhom

the

with

in

Berthier

and
step-fatlier

my

I felt

but

General

on

regiment.

step ; but

result of this

he

this barouche

to follow

place in

2B9

EGYPT.

IN

BONAPARTE

and

so

Bonaparte

de Beauharnais
latter

to

voice,

so

come

that

Lavalette, take this order.

boy, and

have

him

killed

240

CITIZEN

SO

You

know

what

Another
of shell
he

struck

days he

asked

Jean

time

leave to

other

of time

great

and

too

far ; I must

the

treasury,the

Syria curses,
thousand

Bourrienne,

try

of

; I

shall

to

me

Damascus

me

This

"

but

calls

things have

fierceness all

the

Druses

Then

found

shall

overthrow

and

new

and
posterity,

great one

then

but

dream.

obstinacylashed
purpose

that

crossed,his
town, and

stood

All

a
a

that

fury.

It

was

redoubt, with

final effort.

had
artillery,

to raise

His
the

by
this

Bonaparte's

fixed, a target for all the guns

commanded

destitute of

on

Paris

to

of Austria."

in vain

was

itself into

he

eye

It

and

placefor

my

shall return

Vienna, destroyingthe house

was

masses.

Empire,

I shall make

perhaps I

nounce
an-

pashas,and

of these

Turkish

the

are

I shall

army

the head

Constantinopleat

hundred

three

me

gone

succeeds,

If it

arm

enlarge my

good deal

the abolition of the tyranny of the

shall reach

take

to

wretched

me

Djezzar,whose

will enable

of nineteen

failed,like the fii*st,

last assault.

one

arms

men.

waitingfor

men

many

gene
grief.Eu-

post,in order

has cost

''

of

Bonaparte

cry of

spiteof Bonaparte's obstinacy.

to

the ruins

the end

his

assaults,which

hole,"he said

in the head:

down.

at

resume

me.

d'Acre, a piece

under

knocked

and

to

"

killed,and uttered

was

part in the
in

long

him

de Beauharnais

only wounded,

was

Go

the shell had

he

entrusted

before Saint

Eugene

lay for

which

thought

has

life is.

day, also

fell,and

wall

mother

his

young;

BONAPARTE.

ESS

to

no

arms

of the

army,

ing
be-

siege and

BONAPARTE

Minor, the

of Asia

attack

France

in

commodore

failure,and

May

the

of the

Saint

Jean

made

me

turn
re-

many
Ger-

and

of the

Emperor

vexation

Smith

What

17, 1799:
that

desert

the

triumphal

English

d'Acre, he
miss

managed

tune."
for-

my

conceal

to

paint the Syrian expeditionwith

to

colors !

of

and

skilfullyhe

how

conquest

Constantinople,the

to be

defended

Sidney

the

to

of the Danube

speaking with

"That

brilliant

rear,

not

was

end

an

into

the banks

by

who

But
his

in the

Bonaparte

East, and

was

entrance

Europe

on

to

said:

There

Egypt.

to

return

241

EGYPT.

IN

his

in

cleverness

Africa

crossed

have

"Soldiers, you

separates

tion
proclama-

from

Asia

more

The
which
was
swiftlythan an Arab army.
army
marching to invade Egypt is destroyed; you have
captured its general,its wagons, its supply of water,
You
taken
have
its camels.
possession of all the

strong places
scattered
of

and

fields of Mount

the

You

oases.

Tabor

the

have
swarms

had

...

palace; but, at
of Acre

brave

men

is not

this season,

worth

whom

In

the

I should

requiredfor

now

the

the

gathered from all parts of Asia, in

A few days more,
hope of pillagingEgypt.
himself
in his
hoped to take the Pasha
you
who

men

the

in

defended

that

more

the

capture of the fortress

loss of

have

which

were

and

took

had

to

da3^s;the

lose there

of

heat of 107" F.,

only twenty-fivedays, seventeen

spent in marching, to make

nineteen

are

important operations."

spiteof great privationsand

army

few

the

one

leaguesthat separate Saint

of
dred
hun-

Jean

242

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

d'Acre

like

ancient

an

The

and

the

march

from

then

soldiers
The
of the

of Coubld, to

the

see

Kebir, the

captured

Sultan

of

future

slave

Emperor.
and

slaves, white
dromedaries
filled with
Muftis
the

incense

and

Ulemas

of Mount

hero

Other

entered
Sesostris,

who

with

held

for

speed, scent-boxes

perfumes.

Preceded
of Gama

of

by
el

the

Azhar,

majesty of

all the

the Gate

by

offered

costly rings,

arms,

their

Tabor, with

his

of the

also

were

of the mosque

Cairo

adorned

slave

presents

el

Prophet, offered

saddle

black, superb

and

Sheik

The

of tlie

called

Arabs

Rustan, the Mameluke

was

renowned

the

opened

the

Fire.

magnificenthorse, with a
gold and pearls,and the young
This

triumph.

conquering

enemy

whom

man

bridle.

his

city

bearing the flagstaken

French
garrison of Cairo and
citywent as far as the suburb

descendant

Bekri, a revered

of

this

magnificence,its music,

The

came

of

day

that

applause.

leadingmen

him

resembled

the Turks.

Sultan

the

its Oriental

with

re-entered

Bonaparte

general on

procession

Pharaoh,

the

Cairo.

from

Victories,Bab

el Nasr.
A

few

assembled

days
at

later the

Turkish

Rhodes, appeared, escorted

fleet,in sightof Alexandria, and

Smith's
Aboukir.

The

thousand.

Turks

by Sidney
anchored
of

landed, to the number

Bonaparte marched

to meet

out

had

which

army,

at

teen
eighthem,

That evenand, July 24, destroyedthe entire army.

ing
Kleber said, as he embraced
General, you
him,
"

are

as

great as the world I

"

But

the hour

was

draw-

244

CITIZENESS

the

Fortune.

and

Pharillon

It

that he

Bourrienne, and
22.

rash and

one

drew

to

been

of

me

to

your

if

romance

this
As

"

down

so

the

to

preparationsfor

our

On

somewhat

he

the

return,

my

his

anxiously,but

to

I told

when

plan

carry

successful
France.

to

us

saying, Eugene,
'

once,

mother.'

night,and

my

his

saw

I should

joy

that very

shared

describes

sent

was

night of

suspect

thus

satisfaction

this at

see

the

me

Beauharnais,

even

bit of

observed.

frigateswere

two

going

give

like

panions,
com-

him

but that they seemed

frigates,
flag. In fact,he had every reason

the French

informed
are

not

few

Nile

two

seen

be satisfied,
since

these

did

in the

"

ascertain

lit with

soon

that I had

to

reads

me
interrogated

was

carry

with

others,

two

Alexandria, I

near

edge of the sea

departure had
face

or

Sidney Smith

departure,which

General

of the

arm

embark

to

was

the

unlikelya project.
Eugene, in his Memoirs,

Prince

we

between

was

Murat, Berthier, Eugene de

"

August

BONAPARTE.

These

have

words

expected.

I noticed

awkwardness

that

and

to

for
He
you

did

not

We

barked
em-

my

sadness.

panions
com-

The

mystery surrounding our

our

brave

departure,regret at leaving
companions, the fear of being captured by

the

English,and our faint hope of

may explain this feeling."
Bonaparte alone had no doubts
A

dead

calm

just embarked.
proposed that

delayed

the

Gantheaume
he return

to

seeing France,

ever

of

safe

journey.

frigatein which he had

was
discouraged,and
shore.

"

No," he answered

BONAPARTE

the

admiral.

The

day,

next

but

Bonaparte,
out

to

"

sea,

at

Don't

August
nine

bidding
sure

be

that

23,

in

the

Egypt
fortune

uneasy
at

245

EGYPT.

IN

we

sunris'e,

morning
an

would

the
eternal

not

shall
the

get
calm

wind

tinued,
con-

rose,

farewell,

betray

off."

and

put
him.

XXV.

THE

llETURN

Egyptian
THEFrance,
but

It gave

him

Ca3sar, and

sink

of

Cairo

he

had

Napoleon

successes

prominent,

out

of

serious

his

with

taken

Saint

Jean

of

naval

defeat

land

the

brilliant
out

French

points of
of

Bonaparte

it

staked

his army.

246

Ahoukir
same

If he

had

from

if

as

the

by winning
Egypt

only

the

is

more

all the failures

was

thought

to

reallyonly ephemeral.
been

have

all their

feats
de-

authorities

name.

which

everything

cruisers, he would

public, and

was

giftof

effaced

He

noticed

success

the

distinction

expedition,and

the

sight in

decisive,though

home

at

Alexander,

the

d'Acre.

the

most

returned

made

of

who

lettinghis

much

as

victory called by

; the

and
he

check, he

glory,and

men

with

to

useful.

most

was

also had

When

sight.

him

receive

memory

the

little service

the

Mahomet.

Syria,after

be

it

Napoleon

to

popular imagination;

his

keeping

sunk

of

was

equality with

an

on

the

impress

remote

campaign

EGYPT.

strange, mysterious quality to

placed

on

FKOM

on

one

throw

captured by

been

by
the

severely blamed

accusations

would

ing
leav-

lish
Engby

perhaps

crushed

have

If

poet'sphrase.

glory,they
than

chance

to

great

imperialeagle,to

men

and

themselves

about
their

the

in the egg

would

uated
be infat-

cease

would

honestly analyze

skill; that

to

the

use

would

that

see

247

EGYPT.

FROM

BETURN

THE

often

they
they

to

owe

more

when

won

they

ought to have lost,and lost when they should have

gained; and that the applause of the multitude
Of all Naporather than merit.
leon's
accompanies success
in France

the campaign
conceptions,

finest,but

the

it

was

expedition,according to

his

badly planned, and

yet

the throne.

men

When

they explain their

well

the

real foundation.

from

vanish

sky

fact

gamblers who

the

first pretext that

their

part, we

of which

have

rashness

and

risks.

invaders

were

able

return

done

the

to

are

to

pretended stars

These

them,

this sort

men

are

was

arrive

to

in

with

atone

for

of

fatalism,

the first victims.

Egyptian campaign
It

no

popular spirit. For

the

little faith in

whole

lias

their love of adventure

occurs

out

in their star,

fatalism

This

!
politics

impress

The

have

of

the inventors

by

confidence

succeed,

turned

have

of these

many

excuse

audacity and

had

was

to
stepping-stone

which

result.

How

the

Egyptian

greatest admirers,

proved

blunders

doubted

never

His

of strong character

by saying that they

and

our

it

failure.

less
doubt-

was

only by
there

was
a

made

miracle

without

English fleet,againstwhich

up
that

of
the

tered
being scat-

they could
Bonaparte's

iiothing.Another miracle was

without
ers.
to France
meeting the enemy's cruisVery often on this long and perilousvoyage he

248

CITIZENESS

BONAPARTE.

And

narrowly escapedcapture.

frigatesand
the English
crafts

in

fleet?

againstthe
only chance

finest

layin

throughout
drove

hours, and

active

they were

would

would

have
have

uninhabited

hug
in

the

vessels to

of

case

handful

of

shore

and

men

Egypt,

Oran, and
the wind

he

by
the

francs,which
from

hauled
over-

less
power-

wind

no

was

Admiral

in order

the

off that arid and

that

he

to

might tarry
then

with

of seventeen

sole

ence.
pres-

Gantheaume

sum

treasure

his

make

northwest

the

English,and

petty

would

leagues from

suspectedtheir

one

the

first

at

left of Alexandria, in

the

ordered

attack

an

been

The

twenty-four days

coast, where

African

been

Bonaparte's
English ships,and

Mediterranean.

Bonaparte

Venetian

meeting the
the Egyptian coast, and, indeed^

detained

Avere

against

the world.

shipsin

sight of the Cyrenaic coast, a hundred

Then
Sidney Smith.
they sailed to
and

his two

done

old-fashioned

not

on

the

four

the

four

The

sailers that

few

would

despatch-boatshave

two

slow

were

what

he
to

way

sand
thou-

brought
Tunis

or

there

again take shipping. September 15,

changed and blew fresh from the southwest,

and

they

they

were

availed

themselves

of

between

Cape

running

September 19,

it.
Bon

and

a
Sicily,

dangerousplace,because it was always full of English

ships. Fortunatelythey arrived there at nightfall
;
had
would
have
they got there earlier,the enemy
seen

them

pushing
continued

;
on.
on

later,it would
The

four

their way,

have

ships
and

been
thus

after

too

dark

favored

seeing in

to risk

by

fate

the dark-

lightsof

the

ness

sightat

sunrise

brought

them

off

morning.

of

out

favorable

wind

Ajaccio.
possessionof

still in

did

Bonaparte

249

EGYPT.

English cruiser, were

an

the next

Corsica

Was

FROM

EETUBN

THE

know

not

if he

and

the

French?
land

to

were

there, he might be captured. He

hesitated,and

of

fishing-smack and

despatch-boatshailed

the

ascertained
The

fishermen

free

or

land
At

affairs.
of

harbor

At

in

to

him

the

had

put forth

In

black, who

in

the

sea

the famous

boats

stretched

was

out

Without

relaxed

was

house

in

in wEich

his
he

case,
was

sovereign,he

of the

out

and
of

hastened
the

and

he

with

town.

soldiers,
to

boats

the

that

Corsican.
old

an

her

stopping

of

Bonaparte was

people

covered

w^as

cided
de-

state

peasants hastened

"

nurse.

that

cannon,

rapturouslyexclaiming,

man,

his

to

and

the

out

all its guns,

firingof

to meet

of these

one

with

was

Bonaparte

sailed

ship

France.

to

Provence

so

find

it heard

news

was

the

edge ;

and
a

when

citizens, workmen,
water's

Austrians,

moment

Ajaccio;

there

once

the

belonged

whether

say

Corsica

that

carry

still

not

by

it saluted

near,

back

could

invaded
to

so

Corsica

that

one

"

!
figiio

Caro

administered

great
It

was

quarantine,which

landed

born; and

the

to

arms

for

dressed

woman,

and
as

visited

if he

were

justiceand

the
ready
al-

freed

prisoners.
For
For

the

nine

few

days contrary winds

days Bonaparte was
compelled

Corsica,in

next

continual

fear lest the

prevailed.
to

lingerin

English should

get

250

CITIZENESS

BONAPARTE.

of his presence.

wind

fair, and

was

he

At

last,October

decided

to

Provence, in spiteof every

and

obstacle

forth, the Muiron

set

sail for
; so

7, the wind
the

they heaved

towed

being

of

coast

to

by

sea

boatful of

sturdy rowers.
Bonaparte must have

The

he

had

his fillof strong emotions.

port, the

his

danger grew.
In a few hours, in a few minutes, he might be in the
of the English; everything depended on
the
hands
nearer

Once

wind.

future

by

the

the

if he

"

other
or

in

fail to

Egypt

what

English,

adventure

who

be

was

On

be

to

reach

mar

his

it,

if after

be

captured

"

he should

would

omnipotence ;
to

more

soil,nothing could

should

his army

his wild

about

French

on

but

abandoning

to

came

not

his

one

side ridicule,on

branded

enemies

as

say

turer,
adven-

an

This hardy
a hero.
as
glorified
forever playing at high stakes

bler,
gamwith

always won, liked these extreme

crises,which fed his ardent imaginationand fearless
nature.
During the whole
day, October 7, they
his
sailed along smoothly; already Bonaparte and
fate,and

so

companions
and
few

far had

could

see

the

of

mountains

congratulatingthemselves on
hours, when
suddenly a lookout

were

aloft

from

by the
enemy's ships;

lit up

to

ron

and

saw

jump
to

many

and

into
return

they

all

that

the boat
to

landing in
called

down

sails,six leagues off,

Evidently they

sunset.

declared

Gantheaume
was

he

that

Provence,

were

the

thought themselves lost.

Bonaparte's only chance

that

was

Ajaccio;

but

towing
he

the Mui-

quickly an-

252

CITIZENESS

his intention

to

the

was

broke
a

dense

the

on

out

have

The

the

to

the

white

plague

horse

live

than

At

Lyons

under

his

he

and
"

No

We

had

No

quarantine

has

rather

to

come

fend
de-

ashore, and

then

At

at

with

spent

at

hotly,that

the

applause broke

he

moment

indescribable

went

he

"

huge

to the

shouted
was

thusiasm.
en-

crowd

him

to

theatre,
sit in

the excited

forced

appeared

midnight he

At

out.

Avignon,

box, making Duroc

Bonaparte,Bonaparte !
so

pushed

callingupon

evening he

of the

Aix,

day.

windows,

In the

audience, and
:

"

"

was.

hours, and

received

was

hid in the back

himself

he

went

long triumph.

Valence, he

himself.

four

only

enjoyingone

"

hero who

the

into

brought to him ; he got on its back,

Fr(ijusamid the cheers of the populace.

stayed there

front.

with

was

He

show

excitement

Bonaparte

the Austrian

Bonaparte

entered

gathered

sooner

covered

soon

"

you

and

and

was

no

people of Fr^jus hastened

protector,for

our

wildest

frigateon which
! they shouted.

Provence."

at

the

"

quarantine for

on,

than

shore, which

throng.

but

quarantine;

boats, crying, Long

sailed

for

into

go

officer seen,

out

their

BONAPARTE.

show

to

the

started

wildest

again,

goingthrough Macon, as was expected,

he took the road by the Bourbon
nais,in a post-chaise
which pushed on swiftlynight and day.
Paris had alreadyreceived word
by the telegraph

and

instead of

of his
been

landing.

received

Brune's

Within

of Mass^na's

in Holland

of

fortnightinformation
victoryin Switzerland

Bonaparte'sat Aboukir,

had
;

of

and

of his arrival in France, and

bells

were

he

which

in every

rung

the road.

good news
interruptedby

the

cries and

Council

the

the

of the

news

was

returning,there

who

were

when

cheers

President

of

news

than

"Mr.

added, turning a

hate

calumny,

her

is

It

was

look

Avhen

pleasedand gratefulwhen
treated

meet

her

husband

unite

must

to

I shall go
let any

first.

Bonaparte

intimate

not

of

Besides,"

Gohier's wife, " I need

to

both

been

She

tions
inten-

any

account

him

see

me,

with

you

any

been

have

sephine
Jo-

surprise

more

company.

on

have

most

the

landed.

host

coming

bad

not

she

my

patriots

President," she said,"do

I must

brothers,who
fear

Pyramids

pleasure.

had

liberty. But

to

his

not

with

caused

prevent his fallinginto

him.

of the

husband

Bonaparte

unfavorable

to meet

President.

Luxembourg with Gohier,

Directory,October 10, that

noticed that the

be afraid that

Bonaparte,

elected

Avas

were

patrioticsongs.

Republicans and

were

that her

pleasure.

plays

the

the

heard

the

and

along

announced

Ancients, Lucien

themselves

diningat

lit

were

the actors

that the hero

came

beside

villagethrough

stage,and

though the youngest member,

When

and

town

night bonfires

from

The

joy universal.

the

In the Paris theatres

the

In

At

passed.

253

EGYPT.

FROM

RETURN

THE

friend
he

hears

that

and

he

hears

how

you

will

be

well

here

Thus
during his absence."
left Paris to
reassuringherself,Josephine at once
;

but

since

through Burgundy,

and

he

Bourbonnais, she
he

was

back

failed to meet

in Paris first.

took

she

the
him

one
on

the

through
the way,

road

the
and

XXVI.

THE

OF

MEETING

AND

BONAPARTE

arrived

BONAPARTE
Vend^miaire,
He

1799).

went

at

Year

Victoire, and

la

from
find
she

But

Italy.

be

would

band?

did

Was

His

dread

from

zeal for

that

filled

enraged

been

said

lius-

about
full of

was

hostile to

from

moralitythan

him
she

Was

extremely

were

not

sure

wife ?

had

that

felt

de

return

would

he

her

meet

to

rue

his

house

his

was

in the

envy

fed this feelingof jealousy

influence, skilfully

Bonaparte,

anger.

old

him

supreme

power
his

again.
he

was

who

by
For

deeply

distressed

separation and

divorce.

was

of

think

to

love, rekindled

tortured

only of

empty

brothers, who

already,began
His

she

he

of

(October 16,

after

that

now

morning

Bonaparte's suspiciousheart

Josephine,less
of her

Where

everything

true?

wrath.

The

there.

bitterness.

guilty,and

and

knew

he

then

house
did

he

as

Josephine there,whereas

with

her

alone,

the

VIII.

his

to

once

Paris

in

the 24th

JOSEPHINE.

his

about

and

annoyance

moment,
to

he

grasp,

fury,

forgot the

and

thought

conjugal infelicity.

Josephine,too,
her husband

to
254

was

uneasy.

anticipatethe

She

had

accusations

tried to meet
that

would

BONAPARTE

be made

see

had

had

said to herself:

him, and

he will fall into

been

not

when

arrived

he

he have
there

thought
with

Was

she to

her?

Was

had

found

in the

she to meet

loving and

black, and

my
on

or

the

It

of

anguish.

of

uneasiness, uncertain

Poor

leadingto

grief,the door was

not
opened. She
begged.
from

He,

within

opened

for

wept.

The

She

her.

She

prayed

wore

on

room,

did

not

not

cease.

and

she

locked.

house

lose all
Are

hope
not

Were

not

those

could

not

believe

adored, she would

tears

tears

that
not

the
sort

her

to

but,

be

able

it

was

again

vain.

knees

of

sobs.

night
the forbidden

paradiselost.
and
last

by

be

and

her
The

threshold

dried

her

to

called, and

her

on

in

find

to

the little

filled with

of

angry,

joy and

was

never

woman's

after
bo

bolts, answered

entreaties
a

happen

to

knocked;

the

fell

was

at

was

She

room,

would

implored,but

which

Paris.

again, and

she

remained

been

ascended

She

knocked

Then

must

had

full of

she

husband's

door

he

uncertainty,full

was

whether

the

whole

What
He

she

and

Bonaparte

cruel

protected by

that

going

was

her

the way

happinessor misery. Swiftlyshe

staircase

But

judge'sface confronting
Bonaparte of other days,

was

woman

arms."

reached

affectionate, or

terrible ?

be the first

me

rooms

What

lover's

"Let

Josephine

of her

tlie power

solitude.

empty

anxiety.

see

of

him

meet

when

days

two

trembled

so

able to

255

JOSEPHINE.

Confident

againsther.

beauty,she
to

AND

tears

She
did

argument?

kisses?

She

having been so much

to regain her empire.

256

CITIZENESS

resist her voice when

Bonaparte might
her

see

he

face, but
When

smile.

BONAPARTE.

she

would

in

Josephine stillhoped, and

she had

Yet

that at

long to

wait ;

moment

she

one

struggle. She was about

fatigueand emotion, when
to

women

daughter."
and

She

Hortense

beg of

added

mother.

It will kill her.

whose

lose him

father

perishedon

whom

Providence

Bonaparte
ime

As

severe

trembled.

I shall

answered

And

abandon

not
we,

uttered

he

with

also

"

he

Eugene

His

said,

mother's
eral,"
"No, Gen-

me."

; "I

man

Our

reproaches,and

suffer for your

you

the young

to

we

his door.

open

to

orphans,

poor

put in his place?

Turning
keep

Eugene

scaffold,shall

to

and

son

your

their entreaties

the

shall not

for you, you

misdeeds;

at last consented

still

was

Josephine
"

you.

of her

one

advice.

Do

"

to

for

this wise

Josephine's.
...

ible
inflex-

so

thought of ceasing the

withdraw, exhausted
by

"Send

and

came,

tearful

reason.

it occurred

followed

not

deepest despair,

Bonapartewas

to

her,

to

say

the

with

her

resist

not

seemed

he could

bid

farewell

you

spot." Bonaparte b^gan to yield; he pressed

Eugene to his heart, and seeing both Josephine and
their knees, he forgave,and with eyes
Hortense
on

on

the

brightwith

joy, let

arguments.
At

seven

in

the

Lucien, who
Lucien

entered

wife reconciled

himself
The

he

brought

the room,
and

convinced

reconciliation

morning

had

be

the

sent

lyingin

the

his

brother

charges,and

he found
same

the

phine's
Jose-

complete.

was

for

by

husband

bed.

when
and

BONAPABTE

to

Csesar

wisely in

his wife

of

of that

to

sort

been,

The

hero

had

or

of the

he

thus

of

himself

to
a

husband

husband's

world.
political
about

was

As

soon

to the

the coup

of the

my

societyand

dear

skill,her

The

Directory.
of the

with

conscious

hesitate to leave my

was

Monge,

Directory.

"

"

army

to

come

The

to share

How

to

very
"

friend

alarming, that

so

first day

very

President,"said Monge,

Egypt

part

d'etat of Brumaire.

"

in

the

everything,she

consummate

"I too am
Republictriumphant !
embarrassment.
Bonaparte, in some

received

ther
to fur-

more

bright,tactful,

was

all about

Luxembourg

Gohier, the President

I am,

his

the recriminations

he arrived,Bonaparte became

as

of the distrust
he went

turned

once

Parisian

with

Knowing

preparing for

was

She

plans.

play,with

to

terested
disin-

wholly

not

than

matters

Josephine

familiar
perfectly

and

thing possible

who, rightlyor wrongly, thought

deceived.

her

the

to

husband.

her

to

tions
ques-

Bonaparte

of his brothers, and

serious

more

serious

did the best

end

an

fashionable

Citizeness

whether

Pyramids
put

picions
Directory,sus-

more

been, faithful

not

accusations
attention

the

fatal to

not

were

consider, than

had

when

societyunder

public opinion had

and

woman,

thus

ing
suspected. Besides,accord-

be

might

to the tenets

in

257

JOSEPHINE.

tion
making a reconciliabeen
have
with
his wife.
A separationwould
choice bit of scandal
for the ill-disposed
Royalists
not
turn
to their profit. Bonaparte was
yet a
did

Bonaparte

AND

of

glad

find

the

glad,"said
news

we

I did

not

its

perils."

258

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

General," answered

"

made

have

we

in

time

Goliier, they
"

celebrate

to

the

of his

be

sword,

drawn

of its

your

another

"

revives

Gohier

be

Republic !

live the

Long

received."

fraternal

find

to

who

won

had

it

done ?

"

party

decided

endure

the

shouts

of

with
nor

to

had

He

in

the

detests

him."

was

make

to

the
ceived
re-

In

the

his

he had

an

felt that

more

to

has

needed

he

Moreau,

described

dinner

any

fact, during

the

the

their

Bonaparte,

Josephine

Sieyesis

than

The

victories,might be his

When

"

of him.

Gohier

zealous

instinctive

saw

have

drawing-room, "What
Gohier

was

of the Directors,

one

use

invited

Sieyes.

Where

near.

of the moderate

abb^

celebrityby

she asked

Bonaparte

heart

given

Among

reflection he

on

Josephine, and
last-named

General,

'"

Bonaparte ought

neither

the side

on

rival ; he conciliated him.

interview.

shall

Republic

terminated

was

this former

Sieyes. For
repulsion;but
"

he

that

support?

of the moderate

him, and

'

the

is with

of the crisis drew

revolutionists,or
head

Ven-

spiritof brotherlylove.

moment

Bonaparte

25th

touching the

replied:

It

ceremony

embrace, but

in

The

The

your

Frenchman's

in every

glorious feelingof liberty.

'

of

this sword
of

defence

in

except

government."

presence

that

swear

just

visit to the Directory.

Citizen Directors," he exclaimed,

"

and

come

day, the

next

d^miaire, Bonaparte made

never

have

glorious victories

companions-in-arms." The

handle

great,but

You

issue.

happy

were

man

one.

whole

He

the
you'
whom
can't

dinner,

260

straininghimself.

Barras

did,and spoke

he

shattered

of his

General

left Barras's

from

the

ready

for the 18th

Meanwhile

he
for
to

return

the
it.

damp

he

into

he

than

for

and

men

epaulettes,he
destined

to

the

wore

become

his

Gohier,

austere

besides,deceived
lawless
a

every

of the Year

with

III.

as

giving

dressed

He

more

full uniform

the

or

which

overcoat

part of such

Republican, he

gratified

without

was

He

of

eyes

was

affected

versation
literarycon-

or

The

Institute.

naturally credulous, and,

was

the

anxious

less he

by Josephine,refused

agreed

crafty than
things,that
dry climate

of the

out

scientific

colleaguesof

plans on

to

mean

everything

subjectof legend.

who

patriotand
one

of

gray

prefer to anything else

with

Cincinnatus

box.

close

Instead

usual.

Sieyes.

have

more

theatre, it
a

of

those

became

posed

took

going

Brumaire.

tired of

to the

ment.
govern-

before

alone, that

plough, and kept

the

If he went

simply

any

and

agreed to

was

he

person,

of the

public,arousing its curiositythe

notice, and

to

head

rage,

you

20th

was

unknown

quite upset by changing a

one

to

said that

point of breaking out.

went

Bonaparte

ill and

was

it

or

said he

He

ever.

in

with

march," he said,and

the

the

on

rooms

you, and

wholly

at

Luxembourg,

It's with

that

game

of rest, and

Hedouville, put
was

same

unselfishness,his fatigue,his

have

Bonaparte
He

played the

health, his need

resign and

must

"

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

him
the

to
a

man.

self
Him-

imagined

regarding the

holy ark.

believe in

All

that

tion
Constituthis time

BONAPABTE

he

its

his

weaving

was

plan for

AND

mainstay,and

all,but

he said afterwards

not

at

uneasy

guard, and
skill.

carrying

in

gave

what

from

the

of his

one

because

hour

The

displayedmore
promised him the

one

that

dog

when

not

my

plans.

I knew

traps,and

on

my

time

was

made

1792,

the

in France

head

that did

success."
to

in the ninth

of his paper

number

which

Condi's soldiers at Coblentz.

publishedamong
repeat it calmly that the tutelarydeity whom
for my
country is a despot,provided that
man

of

genius.

that I demand

Richelieu

and
territory

be made

It is the absolute

force

nation

silence beneath

to create

empire.

an

again only after

the iron rule of

I invoke

he be

only

France

it has been bowed

severe

"

of a
inflexibility

like that needs

man

be
had

he

steps. Every

I became

party

only
aloof

kept

it

ceived
re-

of the

approaching when there was

which
Suleau
wish, the prediction,

the

but I

one,

every

my

every

Avas

to

agents

was

realized
in

advice

populace

base its hopes

not

was

long-winded constitution;

further

State,there

of the

talking

Directorywas
extremely on my

Siey^s,and

my

make

in

As

The

"

life have

would

into my

ran

of

perhaps

de Rdmusat,
:

as

parte
Bona-

of them.

one

any

of the Jacobins, the

I gave

w^ould
cui'iosity

to

career

my

the Abb^

out

of them,

one

return;

my

the leaders
Bourbons

his

mistaken.

was

to Madame

never

saw

of

use

periodof

this

about

party

of service

to be

not

ing
form-

were

Every party regardedhim

every

make

to

meant

if he

political
plans as

battle.

261

JOSEPHINE.

and

can

in

relentless

262

in

unhappy

my

demand
of
to

This

framed

the

issue

by

an

of

haughty

make

compels

despotism

on

to

was

the

admired

respect

and

reaction

to

since

of

knows

who

brilliant
and
bless

spirit

1795

powers

their
The

was

cruel

how,
of

respected,

appear.

aid

absolute.

utterly

usurper

and

of

union

master,

and

rule,

the

to

come

the

mean

people

about

to

imperious

magnanimous

means

of

jealous

capacity,

call

country,

hands

the

he

When

master.

of

BONAPARTE.

CITTZENESS

by

well,
Cromwhom

subjection."
long
finished.

plot

XXVII.

PROLOGUE

THE

Joseph, at

that

take

they should

ride

and

to

distance

from

sprang

senseless:
breathe
a

few

of

his

pulse

thought

minutes

bones

broken,

horse.

"Oh,

"

what

"

That

was

twelve

the

two

men

him

dead.

no

scratch, no

It

little stone

shattering." It

have

changed

the

me
on

was

Regnault

bruise, and

!"
which
true

not

false alarm.

mounted

his

and

did

himself, with

General," exclaimed
gave

in the
violence

feet.

was

to

came

rocks,

him, findinghim

to

up

the

imperceptible; he

was

near

The

ran

Bonaparte

frightyou
a

that

some

fifteen

or

and

his horse

he

him

hidden

with

the

to

over

stone

general off

the

threw

on

free discussion

d'Ang^ly, of

Jean

together. As

Bonaparte's horse stumbled

sand

for

anxious

galloping wildly by the ponds,

were

of his brother

preparing,he proposed

were

parte
Bona-

Brumaire,

estate

Being

Regnault de Saint

with

In

18th

the

Mortefontaine.

BRUMAIRE.

18TH

to be at the

happened

events

THE

days before

FEW

OF

no

his

companion,

Bonaparte said,

all

our

that

plans came

pebble might

fate of the world.

conspiracy was

organized,and

the end

was

ap-

264

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

preaching. Bonaparte,who
soldier,prepared it with

as

was

and

With

wiliness.

d'etat which

coup

an

had

consented

not

and

Who

the

will

haunted

publicbegan
did

help us

out

of

to

same

evoke

the red

of the middle

To

to be

and

in terror

the end

has

entreated

to

he
j)lied,

seemed

The

iVetat

coup

found

take
to

of

allies and

were

ries
memo-

the blood

worse

some

be

18th

Brumaire

glory. Every

one

thingsyet,

of

"

prevent the

in

was

he

his wife.

to call up

put it, the

"

could

he

and

always made

the guillotine,.
and
proscriptions,

Bonaparte

Italy.

cold.

run

of fear and

union

how

do

impress men's imaginations,and

spectre which

classes

Gohier

to

plained,
com-

won't

from

return

mire '?

he understood

Edgar Quinet

anxious

was

He

Republican society. Josephine and

of the Terror, to

but

For

officers
"

say,

"

the

time

was

to

desire.

The

after his

At

As

heart's

them.

see

their attentions

to

pretendingaversion
his

untiring in
the

skill he anticipated

consummate

was

to

he

than

more

any

tlety
sub-

days the officers in Paris had been tiyingto

opportunityto present their respects,but he

several

get

well

thoroughlyItalian

public opinions,while
the

conspiratoras

that

sure

riots,

no

of 1793".

return

step, and

was

when

he

one

He
com-

yieldingto popular clamor.

parte
the air.
Everywhere Bona-

accomplices.

To

secure

eral
gen-

success.
thing was wanted,
The 15th Brumaire
racy
(the final plan of the conspithat day), Bonaparte
to be determined
on
was
was
present at a subscriptiondinner given him by

approval only

one

"

THE

five
''

PROLOGUE

hundred

six

or

Never

at
"

sentiments."

There

It

Sulpice.
aloud

the

in

by

sanctuary, and

some

watching and
who

sat

of
ill at

the

ease.

the

as

if

as

mutual

given in

was

known

seemed

in his

Gohier

gaiety,no

no

dinner

Victory,otherwise

Councils.

two

moirs,
Me-

expressiongiven to Republican

was

The
of

of the

banquet," says

there less

was

265

BBUMAIBE.

18TH

members

civic

THE

OF

no

Church

if every

Temple
of Saint

dared

one

as

the

gratulations.
con-

speak

to

one

were

gloomy foreboding. Every

knowing that he was watched.

pressed
op-

one

was

parte,
Bona-

at the

dent
righthand of Gohier, the PresiDirectory,appeared out of spiritsand
He
partook of nothing but bread and

wine

he
brought to him by his aide-de-camp. Was
afraid of poison? The official toasts, proposed without
drunk
enthusiasm, were
coolly. Bonaparte did
not

stay till the

even

from

rose
a

few

the

hasty words

to

of

end

the

dinner

table, walked
the

he

denly
sud-

about, uttering

principalguests,and

went

away.

Arnault
house.
with

describes

that

Josephine did

even

than

more

parties were

evening

the honors
her

President

"

the

of the

felt himself

to

be

minister, and

house, it seemed
a

monarch

Minister

Fouch^

Madame

side.
Bonaparte's

arrived and

of all

generals,deputies.

Directory. From

of the

master

Men

grace.

gathered there,
a

general's
drawing-room

of her

usual

Royalists,Jacobins, abbds,

the

at

the
as

lordlyair of
if already he

surrounded
sat down

the

even

by his
on

court.

the sofa

by

266

"

"

"

"

Gohier.

What's

FouchS.

The

Gohier.

But

Fouche.

Always

treat

caught.

time

besides that?

that.

the

idle

same

old

same

rumors.

conspiracy.

thoroughly
had

If there

it's been

signs of

it in the

plain of

Crenelle

been

going to
conspiracy all the
not

am

there

words

these

[At

how

it, Citizen

be

not

de la Revolution

Place
?

me

of, would

talked

I know

But

understand

in

confidence

Director ; have
be

nothing.

Yes, the conspiracy!

FoucM.

"

!
{shrugginghis shoulders).The conspiracy

Gohier

"

Citizen Minister

Oh

news

The

FouchS.

"-

the news,

What?

''Gohier.

to

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

some

the

in

or

burst

Fouch^

laughing.]
Madame
Bonaparte. For shame. Citizen Fouch^ !
Can you laugh at such things?
who
Minister
The
Gohier.
speaks like a man
calm
But
his business.
understands
yourself,Citiout

"

"

zeness

think

; to

they

talk about
will not

government;

do

such

have

to

be

not

done.

be

at

uneasy

is to

ladies

things before

like the

Act
those

rumors.

Sleepquietly."
Bonapartelistened with
The evening passed as
no

took
room.

uneasiness

on

smile.

usual

any

one's

gradually emptied.
leave of Josephine,who
Arnault
with

stayedto the
Bonaparte.

there

withdrew

last and

ing-room
draw-

Her

face.

Fouch^

ment,
excite-

no

was

and
to

had

Gohier
her
this

own

versation
con-

268

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

convoke

cients
LegislativeBody (the Council of Anthe Council
of Five Hundred) outside of

the
and

the

to
capital,

it from

preserve

multitude, and

to

choose

troops destined

to

defend

the

also
this

change

of the

Council

of

the

councils

two

made.

from

forbidden

build.

the

when

voted

was

the

on

by

the

part of

change

which

on

stitution
Con-

moment

until the

the corner-stone

was

command

the

Ancients, all discussion

This

of the

legislature.The

place of meeting

was

influence

general to

that

provided

the

was

the

spiracy
con-

The

allegedpublic perilwas
so-called Jacobin
a
conspiracy,which, accordingto
the
Bonaparte's partisans,threatened
Legislative
to

was

The

Body.

of

should

Council
it

meeting

be

Brumaire

of Ancients

the Council

place

18th

should

Saint

to

assignedthe
be

convoked

always met,

at

eight in

should

take the floor and

so-called Jacobin

for the

vote

of the
at

the

the

the

vote

day when

change the
Bonaparte

troops. The

Tuileries,where

morning;

enlargeon

plot,and,

to

Cloud, and

command

to

was

set

was

the
to

some

one

perilsof

change

carried,the Council of
place of meeting once
Hundred, which did not meet till eleven, would
to submit

But

collect the

troops about Bonaparte

morning

before the vote

he needed

their presence

was

17th

not

War, and

the

Five
have

in silence.

how

The

the

was

had

his orders.
no

and

to

succeed,

at the very

Division,with

under

taken?

in the

command.

its

He

beginning.
headquarters in Paris,
was

How

not
was

Minister
it

of

possible,

THE

PROLOGUE

without
very

THE

269

BBUMAIRE.

18 TH

under

exciting suspicion,to assemble,

of the

eyes

about

OF

overthrow

to

it ?

forces

the

government,
What

the

that

were

pretext could

be

vised
de-

for

gatheringa staff in the house in the rue

la Victoire, and regiments about the Tuileries ?
days the officers of the Army of Paris and
many
National

Guard

had

been

respects to General
he

should

18th

accounted

was

Three

them

at

day.

To

Tuileries

him.

Colonel

the

he

needed

his

the

devoted

most

five in the

morning,

orders from

this mission.

mounted

With

the

at

of Ancients

garrisonof

protect the

; he

Paris and

two

its

that

have

hoi*se-

on

goons
dra-

accepted

once

generals and
by

the

been

receive

should

escort

an

morning

to

change

of

voted

by

command

suburbs, and

Councils, who

sent

hundred

two

followed

would

the

to

S^bastiani,without

moment

should

same

Corsican,

ride in the

would

receive

was

be

to

brilliant staff of

the very

place of meeting

word

at
superiors,

officers,
preceded and

the Tuileries

Council

with

9th.

his

dragoons,Bonaparte

the

invited

of

honor

of the

adherents,

was

regiment,the

the

Victoire
;

was

depart.

to

morning

cavalry escort

the

it

that he w^ould

la

in

which

about

de

rue

Sebastian!,who

at

the

in

that

untimely hour

on

was

sent

was

six

at

this

journey

the

decided

was

house,

and

general

from

go

waiting for

to

by

o'clock

of his

of

his

at

Brumaire

Word

seven

of

one

back

It

For

presentingtheir

regiments of cavalryhad sought

ridingby

to

them

for

that

pretended

of

Bonaparte.

receive

morning, the

desirous

de

the
of

be ordered
sit the

next

270

the

day,
18th

19th,

Barras

at

the

at

would

give

to

all
that

assumed

an

would

go

their
it.

The

fall

into

morrow.

with

and

of

the

approval,
snares

them.

conspirators

were

Every
bade

Five

that

the

If

end.

the

resolved

he

set.

The

preparation
one

another

kept

two

under

Moreau,

for

and
had

It
would

which

revolution,
would

be

to

plished
accom-

Bonaparte

case,

Five

its

head.

its

Hundred

any

the
organize
dis-

but

Avhich

legality,
In

violence.
to

on

General

of

ignation.
res-

of

of

be

Napoleon

Council

appearance

without

heels

government,

new

his

the

would

would

by

plans,

in

consisting

Gohier,

ready,
the

their

oppose

which,

hand
the

on

of

course

Roger-Ducos,

Luxembourg

constitution

hoped

and

the
to

close

following

and

way

In

persuaded

Directory,

the

guard

The

be

Moulins

members,

Cloud.

Sieves

of

resignation

was

Saint

would

This,

not

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENE88

Hundred

proceed

legislature
had
farewell

been

fused
re-

without
to

was

made.
till

the

XXVIII.

THE

AT

of the

9th

eighthundred

surprisedto
no

Do

"

If that's what's

those
and

garden

Bernadotte.

were

Only

At

the

one

he

of the

of

the

in

was

said, "is

you

of the
valiant
let

our

who
pettifoggers

joy,exclaimed,
We

must

the river at once."

was

ments
regi-

he

most

Will

with

ready.

am

six,

military

him, and

speedilyfilled with
one

parte's
Bona-

different

to
to

place

before

"Here,"

Lefebvre, wild

into
pettifoggers

uniform.

are

hands

up,

taken

of

of the country, accept it ?

ruining it ?

with

I carried at the battle

you, who

country perish in the

garden

dragoons,but Bonaparte

disconcerted.

way

the

Victoire.

sent

Sdbastiani's

see

Pyramids.

"

la

saying anything

sabre which

are

de

been

the Turkish

defenders

had

commander

had

colonel

de la Revolution

dragoons

rue

the

Orders

without

in

the

in

occupied

himself

mounted

Lefebvre,

division.

had

Place

He

men.

house

arrived

the

and

hundred

two

was

morning, Sebastiani, the

Dragoons,

Tuileries

of the

with

the

five in

BRUMAIEE.

18TH

citizen's

The

throw
house

officers in

dress; it

Resisting Bonaparte's offers,he

271

full
was

said,

272

"

BONAPARTE,

CITIZENESS

No

! you

no

perhaps I

shall be able to

o'clock

Eight
Madame

this note,

brought by Eugene

breakfast
us

Gohier:

with

there

are

good

like to talk to you

"

"

17th

told

wife

Madame

"

that

When

dear

by, my

fail

should

Gohier.

always

La

Pagerie-Bonaparte."

aroused
You

will

go

that

suspicions. He

Gohier's
but

can't

I shall have

of the

course

Good

wife

not

interesting
thingsI

me

Bonaparte

but
in the

VIII.

your
Do

eight.

"

Sincerelyyours,

early hour
his

received
:

and

you

was

tory.
Direc-

Brumaire, Year

at

about.

"

The

had

husband

Won't

many

Believe

of the

de Beauharnais

to-morrow

us

entered; it

of the President

evening before,her

Dear

where

away

you."
woman

"

"My

going

am

save

struck;

Gohier, wife
The

fail.

will

must

you

accept her

the honor

of

tell

tion,
invita-

seeing her

morning."

Bonaparte

saw

Madame

Gohier

arrive alone,

he frowned.
"

What

"

he exclaimed,

"

isn't the President

com-

ing?"
"

No, General, he couldn't possiblycome."

"

But

and
"

he must

I will

see

come.

Write

that the note

I will write

to

here "who will take

him

line,Madame,

is sent."

him. General, but I have

charge of

the letter."

servants

THE

follows

as
"

did

You

convinces

happen.

had

to

which
with

how

the

note, I

"

Everything you
I

I shall not

which

the wish

establish.

to

thought

Use

do

ment
govern-

By sending

my

you

the

authorized

is

presence

see

your

band,
hus-

yourself reflect

you

influence,I beg

all your

the

that I indicated

When

and
reflect,
been

Gohier

of

of the

members

to

got

planned

President

the

detain you.

I have

that

I had

am

bid him

has

am

going to joinhim, Madame;

superfluoushere."
"

I shall

snare.

to it."

attached

band
hus-

everything

what

sorry

of the

proposes

"

her

to

this note, Madame

said

wants

he

importance I

was

Madame,

you,

who

one

dear

sent

her, and

I can't tell you

be

wrote

possible.*'

as

to

Bonaparte,

son

my

Gohier

came

Directory to

my

to come,

accept the invitation

not

with

soon

indicate

must

did

as

Madame

Bonaparte
see

not

that the invitation

me

When

and

"

well

to you

come

pen

took

Gohier

Madame

273

BRUMAIBE.

18TH

to express

to you.

of you, to induce

on

liim to

come."
Madame

Bonaparte
to

were

What
The

help him
was

Council
took

returned

Gohier

amid

ofiicers

the

in the coup

going

on

of Ancients

the

to the

floor,and

at

cVetat.

the

met

Tuileries
at

began

daggers.Terrorists.
Ancients

does

not

ing
Luxembourg, leavof all grades who

protect the

meanwhile?
net
Cor-

eight o'clock.
to

"If

speak

about

the

Council

country

and

spiracy,
con-

of

liberty

274

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENE88

the greatestdangers that have

from

It will be

it,the fire will spread.

...

stop

The
devouring progress.
Representativesof

its

consumed.

to

cease

This

effect.

who

its skeleton

will

outburst
of

Council

people,ward

publicperil,a change

in

the

fleshless limbs I "

produced

distinct

in the

Article

1.

The

the Commune

Legislative
Body

of Saint

with

of

in case
authorizing,
place of meeting of

Legislative
Body, passed the followingvotes
"

talons

Ancients, in accordance

Constitution

articles of the

will be

disputeits

declamatory
The

the

be

will

the Republic will

or
conflagration,

exist,and

of vultures

impossibleto

country

off this dreadful

threatened

ever

Cloud

"

is transferred

the two

the

Councils

wings of the palace.

there at
They will meet

to

will

sit there in the two

"Article

2.

19th

the
deliberations

forbidden

are

official acts

and

place,before

that

All

Brumaire.
at

any

morrow,
to-

noon

hour.
"Article

3.

General

of this decree.

the execution

is

Bonaparte

The
.

charged with
manding
general com-

militarydivision,the Guard of
Legislative
Body, the stationaryNational Guard,
the 17th

troops of the line

hereby placed under

"Article
the Council

4.
to

of

in the Commune

now

the
the

Paris,are

his orders.

General
receive

Bonaparte
"

copy

is summoned

of this decree

and

to
to

take oath

accordingly."
Scarcelyhad the vote been taken when
de
off to tell Bonaparte in the rue

Cornet

tened
has-

la Victoire.

276

CITIZENESS

Only

deputy

one

mention

made

was

wishing-to
silenced him

and

Bonaparte
reviewed
It

BONAPARTE.

observed

of the

closed

the

down

of Five

The

dent,
Presi-

perjury,

open

into

the

cheered
hour

for the

set

Hundred.

The

meeting

Deputies heard

indignationthe vote of the Ancients, but

President, Lucien
Bonaparte, silenced them.
had

They

Cloud

at Saint

meet

Of

the five

all discussion

imperative;

was

and

garden again
him warmly.

with

Constitution

no

meeting.

o'clock,the

of the Council

this oath

Constitution.

Bonaparte too

went

eleven

in

spare

the troops,who

was

that

do

nothing

to

the next

day.

but

to

their
The
bidden.
for-

was

agree

to

Directoi-s,
two, Siey^s and

Roger-Ducos,
had alreadyhanded
in their resignations
; the third,
and Talleyrand,liad
Barras, at the request of Bruix
justfollowed their example, and had started for his
estate, Grosbois
made

other

final effort.

one

and

found

the

Council

they

; the

Bonaparte

They

the

to

and

After

Moulins,

the

to

went

in the hall of the

of Ancients.

returned

two, Gohier

Tuileries,

Inspectorsof

livelyaltercation,

Luxembourg, having

plished
accom-

nothing.
A
to

Bottot, Barras's

with
peace
in

before,Bonaparte had

few moments

find

defeat !

everywhere
have

that I left

this France
; I

you

secretary :

war

I left you

I left you
ruinous

done

with

so

the

laws

"

the hundred

glory?

victorious

millions
and

of

of

thousand

I left

I find you

Italy;

misery!

thus

you done

have

Wliat
full

spoken

I find

What

Frenchmen

THE

whom

knew, the companions of my

dead

are

This

In

de Stael

Madame

to

for

human

the

from

the French

on

Would

race,

their graves and

if these

Directors

demand

of

for the

boundary of the Rhine

Republic had conquered, an
who

perishedfrom
who

But

Cadiz

the 18th

on

future disasters?
forever

hats

no

lived
du

their

terre

was

of

regime
is what

be General
the

grand

"It

was

by
leries the

forth

The

could

the

foreigner
who

predict these

by

Sdgur,the
:

the

The

grenadiers'

Jacobins

The

terrible

The

career

said, who

had
Club

San-

faubourgshad

had

the

Even

the

diatribes of the

brewer.

aristocrat

young

the

the

military spiritwas

roll of the drum

fascinated

army

which

"

echo.

no

tribunes.

de

rise

account

an

Alps

caps, but

furious

harmless

mere

were
a

The

called

the

to

were

for the

pikes,but bayonets.

calm.

grown
voice

The

red

more

day.

Manage

lesson

great

for the Frenchmen

Brumaire

invincible.

more

make

to

selves
Bonaparte'ssoldiers imagined them-

No

triumphant.

the

account

Moscow

to

Revolution^

Napoleon

and

Paris, and

entered

twice

be

it not

They

In three

worked

Bonaparte

"

says

true.
predictions

his

last.

thingscannot
despotism."

Considerations

her

glory?

of

state

lead

it would

years

277

BBUMAIBE.

18TH

silenced
of

men

of

the

historian of the

old
This

arms.

was

the

day

one

to

exploitsof

"

very

Council

revolution

moment

of

when

Napoleon,

moned
sum-

Ancients, began in the Tui-

of the

haranguing the garrisonof

18th

Brumaire

Paris to

secure

and
it

was

against

278

CITIZENESS

the

other

leaned

Council.

around

ran

garden gate stopped me.

gazed on the memorable
scene.

the

and

sabres in hand, and

with

soldier's blood

I had

boiled

veins.

my

that

regiment

helmets

die.

My
I

moment

maire

de

she

Stael

records

happened

When

this

from

all my

soldier; I thought of
that

at

"gave

way

of

the

first time

the

us

hearing it made
since

in every

it

the

land.
Switzer-

Barras
"

only more

Revolution

Bru-

leagues from
The

of the

news

18th

from

some

city,she heard that the Director

passedby,escorted by gens d'armes.
on,

other career."
the

on

the

she goes

ancestors

determined.

was

to arrive in Paris

changing horses

heads,

advancing on
sight,all the

nothingbut battles,and despisedevery

Madame

dragoons

excitement, the

career

was

trance;
en-

bridge,
draw-

their

on

At

inherited

of

for Saint Cloud, with

the warlike

or

the

near

air of soldiers

to conquer

in

up,

determined

the enemy

gate

they started

rolled

overcoats

fierce and

the

it open.

saw

out, the 9th

From

enclosure, trying every

last I reached

at

their

The

againstit,and

Then

came

BONAPARTE.

had

just

postilions,"

day, and
vivid.

that

one

It

this
was

man's

mouth.

Previouslythey had said :

The
Constituent
Assembly has done this, or the
people,or the Convention ; now
nothing was spoken
name

was

of but this
all.

That

man

who

evening

of the morrow,

was

the

going
citywas

and

desired that

General

the

excited

with

doubtless

peacefulcitizens,fearingthe
then

to take

the

place of
tation
expec-

majorityof

return

of the

Jacobins,

Bonaparte

should

succeed.

THE

fight

had

the

with
He
his

himself,
house

Josephine
preparations

well
in

happy
were

du

Bonaparte
great

battle.

of

the

contented

rue

Jour;
fell

la

complete

asleep

the

day,

All

Tuileries

palace

calmly

as

of

on

returned
he

the

Moreau

the

as

filled

where

Victoire,

confident.

Murat,

triumph

his

with

de

and

but

prophetic."

called

be

the

bloodshed;

Bonaparte's

might

the
of

victory
for

signal

Lannes,

Luxembourg.
Point

the

that

When

momentary

thought

pain

mixed.

were

say,

be

might

nevertheless

me

must

begun,

once

Jacobins

to

feelings,

Mj

279

BRUMAIBE.

18TH

found

military

occupied

the

Serurier,

the

Saint
the

Cloud.

eve

of

XXIX.

THE

revolution

THE

called

Brumaire

19th.

the

the

the conqueror,
chose

The

dare

the 18th

to

The

rise.

no

The

throng

Cloud

noon.

if it

of

The

little before

looked

that

the

19th

the road

saw

all the

more

Councils

o'clock

opposite the palace of

what

on

Paris

from

were

Saint

meet

punctual,

Bonaparte

on

was

Cloud,

thus

It had

excited.
should

at

was

success

yet certain, and

not

Representatives
twelve

not

troops, carriages,and

with

both

did

interestingplay which

wrath.

was

lution.
revo-

an

curiosity. Bonaparte's

public interest
decided

of the

tory,
his-

Paris

were

was

reason

before

faubourgs

of

or

the issue

was

the law

to

himself

the

day

for that

official date

the

crowded

full of

predicted,but
been

as

paid

was

excuse

people

emotion

morning

Saint

the

as

decisive

the

is

18th

the

yet in fact

violated, and

was

night passed quietly;

aroused

to

law

respect

desiring to

happening

was

prelude;
18th

effected

Bonaparte

Brumaire,

mere

the

On

19th

the

on

was

which

18th

the

BRUMAIRE.

19TH

and

at
a

back,
horse-

the head

THE

his

of

decorations, and
;

and

began.
park. It

unfavorable
distinctly

were

That

of the

began with

Gardin

that

of

made
seat

"

"

; we

maison
Five

heard.

free here !

moved

of

in.

The

motion

The

roll

was

was

called

Lucien

letter

called

do

of the

Bonaparte
which

he

brought from

"

Grand-

Council

of

renew

of the Year

great enthusiasm.

member

himself
was

The

arose

compelled to

carried amid

his

frighten

not

clamor

Constitution

for each

from

everything!

once

the

murmurs

out

dictators !

with

pointed
ap-

to be taken

formidable

be at

an

be

Hostile

Bayonets
A

to
fidelity

the Constitution
A

"

with

seven

measures

before

DoAvn

should

Hundred

was

of

that all the members

their oath

turn.

the

Delbel

death

liminaries
pre-

Bonaparte presided.

public safety.

I
dictatorship

No

unimportant

committee

report on

the

or

are

much

opened.

were

Hundred,

Five

Constitution

The

Constitution
us

that

themselves
:

the

impatience.

Councils

Lucien

passion.

make

behalf

the

of

proposed
to

in

Ancients

of

at

Hundred

Five

utmost

of the

outbreak

till tAvo that

the

two, the sessions

orange

Bonaparte. He,

to

repeatedorders,betrayingthe
At

the

delay,kept going and coming, giving

the

annoyed by

that

evident

was

Mignard's

completed

not
not

was

of

the

on

waiting,the deputiesstrolled

While

sessions
in the

it

meet

in

were
prei3arations

appointed hour,

the

Hundred

Five

the

the

but

to

were

Galleryof Apollo, full

first floor in the

house

Ancients

The

troops.

281

BRUMAIRE.

19TH

to

Barras.

to

in

to
fidelity

swore

about

swear

destroy.
Amid

general

282

CITIZENESS

BONAPARTE.

excitement, the secretary read

which

the

Director

ended

thus

return

of the

honor

of

glory

the way,

opening
accorded

the decree

of the

his

it
resignation;
accompanies the

which

I had

distinct marks

the

the

of the

him

by the Legislative
Body, and
National Representatives,
have convinced

that whatever

me

this letter,in

illustrious warrior, for whom

confidence

the

announced

The

"

aloud

public interests

be

may

henceforth

the

part

summon

may

to which

the

me,

and the interests

surmounted
are
dangers to liberty
of the army guaranteed. I return
with
joy to the
ranks of privatecitizens,
happy,after so many storms,
to restore, uninjured and
more
deservingof respect
than

ever,

have

had

This

Of

the
in

destinies

produced

feelingof

five Directors, three

government

dissolved.

was

had

nothing to

the

tribune

the

resignationof

stand

we

that

who

some

First

"

know

in

the

we

said

from

whether

the result of the

which

members

where

Bonaparte

to

know

must

is not

The

resigned.

Resistance

of all,we

Barras

among

had

came

we

are

traordinary
ex-

placed.

present there are

from and whitlier

going."

are

While

thus, what

there

surprise.

angry

Grandmaison

on.

circumstances
I think

of which

Republic

part the care."

letter

the

of the

and

the

session

had

of

the

Five

been

taking place
Bonaparte had just made
had spoken as a master.
he

had

said, "you

Hundred
among

began
the

cients?
An-

his appearance
"

are

Citizen
not

now

resentat
Repin

284

CITIZENES8

of

the pay

in

I shall

me,

BONAPARTE.

should
foreigners,

summon

that I march

left the

taken

note

calm,

Council

he ordered

leavingit

of

the

threshold

when

speakingabout

the afternoon

Bonaparte

the

:
indignation

the tyrant !

"

"

threatened

It was,

of his life.

vais, a Norman

deputy

his assailants
were

soldiers.Grenadier

dagger.
house

was

The

like

He

was

and

sight of

the

long

of

cry

! Down

with

general,
him

daggers and
later,the
saved

most

Beau-

by

who
strength,

brought
his aid.
his

five in

was

they forced

enormous

Thom"^, had
was

said

he

hastening to

tumult
a

of

in

in the

the

meet

brandished

Many

perilousmoment

soldiers,who

to

he crossed

It

Dictator

denouncing him

his life.

d;*ove back

uttered

the

him,

was

At

lit.

were

all rushed

steps back.

follow

alone, hat

Barras's letter.

with

Down

and

forward

Hundred

Five

be

to

Thereupon

Grandmaison

lamps

They

crowding liim
several

the

of passion

outburst

grenadiersto

just

tribune

her

Hundred.

stepped

It

was

of the

and

hand.

he had

told

of the Chamber,

the door

at

he

he

well.

of Five

company

and

which

he heard

time

plied
re-

meeting,and

his soldiers

to

going on

was

same

the

in

returned

of

of Ancients

of the

Josephine in

to

that all

the

At

and

hall

God

ing
accordby respectfully

the honors

Bonaparte

member
Re-

arms.

of the

Council

The

outlawing

in

company

stormy outbreak

to this
to

in the

of war."

and

fortune

companions

my

of

speak

him

One

clothes

to

his

of the
cut

by

indescribable; the orange

battle-field.

THE

It

brother.

Cries

Bonaparte

and

the

vote

time

to

chair.

my

place!

the

Ask

Bonaparte, who

for

under

the

guard

had

of his

assassination.

brandished
say, and

The

Five

Hundred

he

at the

Calvados,

motion

said,

fprce

to protect

inform

their

moment

to

which

have

remind

been

lamentable

the

his

on

general and
a

He, who

utter.

word

to

dispersed,but
knew

no

describes

house

from

direct

Council

excesses.

noble

up
Can

deeds

from

tile
Talet, both hos"

I do

opposition to
but it is

that
so

coming
be-

was

speeches,one

two

began to speak :

brought

forgetsuch

eral
Gen-

house,

got

but

be

[of outlawing Bonaparte];

us

driven

had

had

the other

make

"to

"

narrowly escaped

in the orange

Bonaparte, Lucien

rise," he

lose

us

the orange

would

After

intense.

of

every

Rubicon.

the tumult

more

to

been

to

he

He

to

put

dictator !

confused, like Caesar,as Lucan

Meanwhile

make

hesitated

undecided

Bertrand

that

troops cheered

weapons.

fear,became

duced

armed

an

soldiers,and

their

the

this word

to

I have

just left

horse, tellingthe soldiers

run.
over-

on

of the

outlawry

him

'^

make

Don't

departure." Fregevilleran

my

him,

deputy ;

with

was

steps, denounced

your

vote

desk

His

brother," he said "that

my

from

to

"

Down

him."

outlaw

the

support his

him.

President," said

back

Put

"Tell

accomplices!

his

descended
Go

"

tried to

Outlaw

"

propositionto

Lucien
side.

arose

March,

"

Lucien

that

in vain

was

285

BBUMAIUE.

19TH

the

and

an

the

proper

suspicions

lightlyhave
even

not

pi-o-

illegalstep

important

ser-

286

CITIZEN

vice in behalf

"

Time

of the

These
.

the

shall

and
will

you

without

it

without

measure

that he be called to

become

the

indecent.

violent.

more

order

is

once

Then

lished,
estab-

more

indecorum
extraordinary
yourselves render justicewhere

became

Since

that

violent

so

ceased,

has

due,

it is

could

Lucien

takingoff his toga,and laying

said :
Liberty no longer exists

; so

tribune, he

the

heard, you

"

have

will at

least

of

means

no
see

the

making myself

President,

your

publicgrief,
placing here

of

No," resumed

your

uproar

here.

"

colleaguesare

your

When

face the storm

on

"

cries,

were

passion."

The
not

such

ask

and

insist.

not

rupted
inter-

was

There

vote

of

voice

continue

They

Lucien

unseasonable, interruptionswhich

drown

"

the motion

cannot

General

hearing the

murmurs.

flying; put

is

Lucien, "you

bar.

country

continual

by

BONAPARTE.

ESS

token

in

insigniaof

the

lic
pub-

magistracy."
"

his

It is

thing,"says Edgar Quinet, in

this last Assembly, already

lamentable

Revolution^ "that

its

throat, should

soldier's'

than

arms

oaths,

new

and

deserted

the vain

by

despairand
moments

the
amuses

no

other

such

blunt

have

at the

between

two

swords

which

hour

of

at

against the

weapons,

its last hour.

of indescribable

in the balance

defence

roll-call,
promises

protestswith

nation

with

denounced,

threatened, surrounded,

"

to

science,
con-

die, uproar,

Assembly,
deceives
peril,
an

Then

anxiety,when

were

there

historylay

opposing destinies,liberty

THE

knowing

no

general,averse
After

had

he

of

make

ceased

we

in

loud

sign

the

orange

where

to

house,

he

he

moment

and

after

profound
"

was

roll of the

silence
to

announce

Council

is

at

doubtless

in

general !

Being

of

vote

the

the

be

to

the

live

the

sound
of

daggers,and
from

Republic !

the
"

silent,on
Give

"

of the

one

Leaving

drums

the

me

"

In

dragoons,

followed

was

he

by

soldiers," he said angrily,

the

vast

majority of

intimidated
The

daggers.
desire

pay,

with

the

by

to

this

few

brigands,

outlaw

of the

execution

they

your

are

in

volt,
re-

military. Citizen soldiers,save

representativesof
delivered

soldiers.

open

courtyard,

and

Ancients, against which

appeal
of

his

with

entrusted

the

to

motionless

moment

English

meeting.

horse

armed
representatives

you

plied
re-

the

that

this

orders," he

close

drums, which

you

dent,
Presi-

Citizen

"

Vice-President,

Citizen

"

of his brother.

the

and

the

on

pany
com-

to

by
"

of the

the

saw

follow

will

his brother

shouted,

said,

hastened

horseback, surrounded
horse," he

We

turning

found

he

"

him

to

He

General's

the

by

voice,

Then

passage."
made

here

are

tions,
complica-

edge

the

on

asked

who

the

usurpation."

speaking.
he had

the

to

violent

the officer in command,

To

end

his toga

grenadierswhich

itself,and

save

an

placed

tribune, Lucien

to

putting

to

daring to

not

which

in

way

287

BEUMAIRE.

19TH

the

people

let the

the

majority of

stiletto
To

from

this

tatives
represen-

the Council

by bayonets! Long
cry

the

soldiers

an-

288

swered

with

waving
stab

to

He

Murat

Five

drowned

the

to

The

drums
of

voices

people,as they had

In

hall

the

fled

through

the

the

garden. Only

wished

last he took
Paris

In

rumor

and

outlawed

had

expelled
-de

during
was

Stael

this

at

were

going

to

made

ready

to

I heard

that

leave

wept,
but

not

over

over

the

the

country knows

roar

the

XVI.

to

house

orange
his

seat,

saying
and

him,

at

into

he
at

rest.

he

her
"

Once

different
of

Saint

he told

dame
that Ma-

impressions
friends who

my

Cloud
me

sent

had

again ;

of

that

only shame

the next

triumphed,

and* I

moment

the

soldiers

Representatives,and

National

never

existed

libertywithout
and

me

the Jacobins

everything before them,

France

and

victorious

was

It is thus

One

sittingin

which
liberty,

hope

their

of Louis

voice

of the

Bonaparte

having expelled the

of the

empty, the deputieshaving

describes

carry

Chamber

beaten

Hundred.

hour.

every

general hesitated

the

the

next, that

Five

the

to

representativesof

the

agitatedday :

present

bulletins

the

violence

At
one
impatientlyawaited.
that Bonaparte was
proscribed

ran

the

Lucien,
this sword

does

They laughed

was

the

moment

And

grenadierscommanded

clung

one

"

with

The

were

windows

flightlike
news

"

enter

was

die there.

to

ever

drowned

moment

he

the

Leclerc

Hundred.

swear

ordered

and

"

out,

French

the

Bonaparte

brother, if

own

my

longer.

no

cried

sword,

live

Long

"

libertyof

the

by

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENE88

misery."

in

France,
which

THE

All

Madame

day

had

been
of

Three
and

in

be

anxious,

her children
of

case

when

the definite

the

Theatre

Feydeau,

the

Auteur

dans
the

the stage, and

has
Cloud

screamed
Then

with

Madame
and

theatre

The
All

some

The

At

soldiers of the

to

I want

think

eleven

the whole
of
one

knew

well

how

He

gave

so

masses.

of

la

o'clock
town,

of those

he

but

legality.The

or

his

Saint

secretary:

"

And

showy proclamations which

the
two

coup

an

d'etat

Councils

effect upon
a

had

to

to-morrow,

up
!

at

field.
the battle-

night on

Write

for

the

fear.

about

was

it wakes

me.

o'clock.

to

more

Paris

summoned

when

Saint

them.

who

that

to compose
to

parte
Bona-

Victoire, where

nothing

man

camped

nothing

dictated

de

reassured
had

on

daughters left

her

rue

the

Leclerc

Madame

impossible at

be the First Consul

In

at

half-pastnine

and

Josephine,who

"

was

forward

assassinated

was

the

to

Bonaparte family

Cloud.

"

It

terror.

was

she

given.

stepped

country

Bonaparte

resistance

evening,

theatre, where

was

one

usual

out, "Citizens, General

this

hastened

found

they

manage

just escaped being

to

her

daughters to

her

the fashionable

shouted

traitors

by

with

go

would

three

unknown,

still

was

to

son

play

struggle,

In the

her emotions.

enough

yet courageous

of

in the

engaged

Nevertheless, with

result

calm.

outwardly

Napoleon's failure,all

she concealed

course

general'smother,

though

were

severelypunished.

energy,

the

Bonaparte,

very

289

BBUMAIRE.

19TH

he
he
the

false appearance

justmet

for

290

CITIZENESS

night

absent.
be

to

session.

Most

But

minority was
majority. Bonaparte^ Sieyes,and

it made

taken

for

Roger-Ducos
by

of

"

the

the

itself

serving

born
that

along

till

"

in

of
No

have

with
the

and

confidence

of the French

and

abundance

shine

the

people, listen

its

armies, long the

their shouts
also

the

to

born

sublime

the

in

depths of

'89

the

it

of

the

There
has

fathers

the
is

and

nothing in

succeeded

in

the

on

of

love

of peace

and

factions,and

If

Listen

liberty
been

of Versailles, it has

were

Saint

of

house

fathers

the

world

easier

brilliant colors.

of

the

than
In

of

may

hearts !

your

peacemakers
the

has

manly

its

people

of the Year
Revolution, but the legislators
be

it

convulsive

the smile

posterity!

of

orange

of

Constituents

and

blessingof

voice

of

in turn

has assumed

plaything

the

speech:

lips. Representatives of

at the tennis-court

consolidated
The

the

to

reach

its

on

this

meeting

than

capable
in-

tennis-court

established

you

having

declared

time, the prey

infancy. To-day it
sooner

of

representatives.

immortal

our

trusted
en-

were

Sixty-one

re

as

session

night

Since

were

constitution,

new

guilty

the weakness,
inconsistency,

robes.

was

respected,Ave
of

liberty was

ailments

and

consuls

Hundred,

law

the

dragged
the

Five

ended

Versailles.

Hundred

legislativecommissions.

future

French

Five

difference ; the

no

for the
Lucien

the

preparations of

make

to

of

appointed

the

two

deputies
wished

were

with
aided

BONAPARTE.

Cloud.
of

VIII.

the
will

country."
to set

what

Brumaire,

as

XXX.

EPILOGUE.

BONAPARTE
Paris,
between

having

General

fatiguefollowingso

presentiment of
deeds,which

have

the

would

beaten, he

he knew
would

brother

Lucien,

the way
it

law
an

outlawed

but his

own

he himself

would

have

been

carted

conqueror,

he

swearing

that

the
man

name

of

abuse, he

of

ascend
his

was

been

have

Frenchman.

292

to hear

this

been

the

queror,
con-

Beaten, he

the

to

the

the

steps

to

gibbet. As
the

capitol,
quered,
Con-

vile Corsican, unworthy

As

songs

dust, and

country'ssaviour.

conqueror,

destiny,the protectinggenius.
was

it

apostate,a renegade,a wretch

dragged in

he would

he

as

will.

been

to

and

Was

Had

have

he

was

physical

his laurels would

was

he

reflections he must

of fortune
been

have

been

have

morning,

emotions?

many

What

turns

no

in the

All

Was

to

busying the imaginationof

were

character?

on

Cloud

ture
future, the thought of his fu-

the

great historical
made

his

Gardanne.

absorbed, thoughtful,silent.
moral

four

him

carriagewith

in the

Sieyds,and

and

three

Saint

from

returned

of

praise,and

he

was

Instead
to

see

the
of
the

293

EPILOGUE.

partieslaying down

old

their

joininghim
enthusiastically
the

and

army

cheers

populace rending

churches,
of

outburst

same

know

d'Stat
them

well

are

hero

ridiculous

truth

one

people is

back

Victoire, which
he

and

where

the

success

had

of the

before

kissed

He

danger he

had

been

jestingabout

man

of action, felt when

whom

had

which

greet

that

their

how

and

vain

The

next.

How

traitor.

tain
uncer-

universal
What

voice

is

of the

few

and

the

de la

rue

him

happiness,

returned

for

Italy

victorious,
of

d'Stat^the origin of his

preme
su-

Josephine tenderlyand

told

day, passing rapidlyover

through in

the

spoken.
"

in the

he started

he had

the orange

embarrassment

which

compelled to speak.

hours, and woke

of Paris

marched

house

felt confident

of the

and

Fate

the coup

and

are

you

always

coup

her all the incidents

the master

make

the

trifles. Succeed, and

in the

he

days

two

who

always brought

whither

power.

he rested

everywhere

success,

married, whence

was

Egypt,

the

forum,

the voice of God.

not

Bonaparte was
where

the

like
history! Posterity,
alteringits judgment.

of

is false the

year

their

air with

find

judgment,

forever

is
suffrage,

the

their

fail,and

the

the ovations

the merest

on

is human

the verdict

and

that

flag;

in

those

Royalists

young

the tricolored

to

was

Yet

joy.

very

depends

you

"

he

"

depend solelyon

success

under

priestssinging hymns

the

camp,

arms

up

in the

house,
he,

Then

morning,

of France.

Who
God

could
of

resist the

fortune

and

with

man

of

"

war

294

CITIZEN

This

is what

is said

by Edgar Quinet,
describes

writer, who
the

whole

BONAPARTE.

ESS

This

the

the

ocratic
great dem-

passiveadhesion

of

imagine,the greatest
of liberty
in France ;
griefof the last representatives
after which
all griefis but a jest. They imagined
that they were
followed
by people whose souls they
owned.
For
days they were
going here' and
many
people :

"

there, peering into the

Where

the

were

uplifted,and

the

the

of

Where

their

was

few

often

and
force,incredulity,

in

shade

with

anger?

Roman

hearts

silence.

tion?
indigna-

have
The

All

seemed

years,

mere

fallen in
Five

faces, sudden

themselves

they

moment;

wild

answered.

only astonished

to

the

the

often

pikes so

of fourteen

driven

great

echo

the bar of the

at

which

Where

those

No

oaths

nation

pride?

could

years ?

found

so

public places.

forests of

the

repeated

had

How
so

Where

magnanimous

master

and

cross-ways

magnificentorators

old assemblies

and

was,

dred
Hun-

conversions

dissipated

Avas

to be

pursuing

vision."
The

time

was

was

to

etiquetteof

in the
was
an

to

plicity
drawing nigh when republicansimgive way to the formal and refined
who
guished
lanmonarchy ; when the woman

prisonof

be surrounded

Asiatic

congratulatehimself,as
into

taken

the

crowd

of

in tow

by

For, he goes

on,

and

splendorof

the pomp
Lucien

who

Bonaparte

he said,that

princes and

all the
"

the Terror,

with

when

queen;

the Carmes, under

"

princesseswho

renegades of
knows

he had

whether

to

was

not

got
were

Republic."
the example

the

295

EPILOGUE.

apostasiesmight

of all these

pervertedmy

have

not

sentiments?"
and philosophic
political
The
it is.

forth

one

The

illusions

smile

history,the

studies

more

If

the

forever
what

to

And

be?

heart?

of their

epoch

nounced
an-

would

what

the

end

what

did

the

Republicans, formerly
of

arrogant, think

France

has

their

paid a high price for

of

dint

apostasies.By
adored, and

had

one

them

and

haughty

if any
officers,

and

admirers

his

only

can

unhappy humanity
Bonaparte have said,

would

What

turns.

the efforts,
we

it.

circle in which

the vicious

lament

; not

before

abyss yawning

the results and

compare

ism.
absolut-

itself immortal

thinks

before its fall,sees

we

about
liberty,

about

Every government
one,

peoples indulge call

in which

illusions

"

depressing

more

these

has

she

what

burning

of

sant
inces-

she has burned, she has

adoringwhat

distrustful of her

change

so

come
be-

glories,
ready to destroy

own

legends of centuries,to scoff at

royalty,imperialism,and the republicin turn, and
to get rid of ideas, enthusiasms, and
principlesas
the most

illustrious

readilyas
It
was

an

done.

was
no

The
were

many

to

of

be

called

existed

Republic
gone.
was

queens

title of

One
more

man

possess

only

worn

new

dress.

position. She
Bonaparte, but

was

in

regime, until

old

Empress

alone

than

Citizeness

like the ladies of the

bear the

Consul

gets rid

Josephine had

more

Madame,
should

actress

and

name

left:

Your

Majesty.

its institutions

Bonaparte as

constitutional

less influence

she

and

First

sovereign,and
prestigethan

296

did his wife.

period of

Yet

the whole, the

on

their lives

Brumaire
his

All

that

wife

would

served

with

it

of Barras, and

Milan

she

the interests of her

attained

such

was

who

secured

had

him

made, when
of

useful

as

was

aristocratic

the

to him

made

herself

Republicans;
she

covered

laid

note

morning

sword

with

irresistible ;

was

her

Aftej
liberal
and

Madame

18th

cities

during

the

Directory,
Royalists and

both

of the

18th

flowers,and

Brumaire,
in her perfumed

The

movement

smiles

pleted
com-

work.

He

was

into

turn

never

believed

Lucien

that he had

sure
a

still nourished

equal, now

your

sincere

and

say, he deceived

ardent
us

by

the

Republic

and

sincerely

liberty. Later, he

saved

Gouvion
C}^" to General
acknowledge,dear General, that
once

that

monarchy,

Saint

my

at

the

Bonaparte's

Brumaire

Lafayette.

Italy;

hopes,like Daunou, Cabanis, Gr^goire,Carnot,

would

was

twenty-six,

of

for Gohier.

snare

husband's

the

to

the

on

his

welcome

support

iating
Paris, by concil-

in

as

the

but

Army

both

societyin

wonderful

for him

Directory,she allayedthe jealousyof

and

bitious
am-

great intelligence. Without

commander-in-chief

the

soldier of

liberty,
truly patrioticwoman.

hardly have

She

results.

for

counted

time, she had

reallyrepublican

happiestportion. Before

deemed

was

husband
he

the

was

Bonaparte

and

her

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

your

"Will

you

knew

Emperor,

Republican ?
deceived

you

not

this soldier,

when

No, you

false appearances.

part, I will say that he

said at

he
will

Well, for

himself

for

297

EPILOGUE.

long

or

you

General

time

He

me.

served

such
of

character
whom

we

it

sort of court

Bonaparte

was

grew

up

any

Caesar.

he still hoped to
and

to

to receive

Directors

yourselfin

such

The

dent
indepen-

mountaineers

among

proceeded

had

all

should

as

be

detected
to

himself
the

the consent

treat

in

the

body
every-

that

Napoleon

18th

Brumaire

of the two

illegality.Who
a

ladies-in-

be treated."

evening of

consented

him

Madame

by prefectsand

that he

secure

and
yet thirty,

not

you

could

The

avoid

the Directors

as

Tuileries, and

the

at

everybody desired to
possiblyin spite of

was

became

sturdy

change

master's mind, and

as

to do
.

surrounded

was

waiting,that

and

dared

tion
Conven-

and

saw,

you

like

taught him to respect human

ship
only when the temporary consulby the consulate for life,when a

succeeded

was

of the

Republic

population.

the

Republican

born

were

dignity; and

was

which

not, perhaps,have

land, amid

It

the

ardor

all the

with
would

Bonaparte

to lower

knows

If

the limit of age,

colleague,although

the Constitution

cils
Coun-

he

was

required that

the

forty years old, the coup d'etat

what
have happened. On
might never
things the
fate of republicsand empires depends I
At

first,Bonaparte
a

became
make

us

uniform
to

the

be

was

Republican, and

phine
Jose-

Legitimist.As Emperor and Empress they

Imperialists. But royal splendors cannot
forgetthe Republican period. The modest
of the hero of Arcole was
perhaps preferred
gorgeous

coronation

robes, and

more
,

than

298

BONAPARTE.

CITIZENESS

beneath

once,

the

golden hangings of

palaces,Josephine regrettedthe

the

modest

house

de la Victoire, the sanctuary of her

rue

of the South

brightsun

first rays of dawn.

could not

Like

Imperial

make

in the

love.

her

France, she lost

The

forgetthe
in liberty

she

what

gained in grandeur. A life of almost

absolute independence was
followed by all the slavery
of the highestrank.
She was
alreadya queen except
in

de
it

she left her

When

name.

la Victoire
was

But

take

to

few

enough for
They went

of

Maria

few

and

was

Madame
the
of

Lucien, the

King and Queen

unwitting promoter of

to

he

of

Tuileries

regret,as

Consular

put it,

"

Republic could

monarchical

been

so

to

was

that the

have

which

XVI.,

Brumaire,

the

large

not

Bonaparte.
place in

the

France, and

Empire,

Constitution

been

be called the

may
power,

Louis

to

the

to what

had

days

rue

Luxembourg.

take

in the

18th

de' Medici

the First Consul

in

after the

her quarters in the

up

the residence

days

little house

was

of the

ficed
readilysacriof the
personification
so

in the person

of the unfortunate

the

best-meaningof sovereigns,
parte
Bonabarbarouslydestroyed."Madame
be compelled to part company
with Madame

Tallien and several of her best friends of the society

of the

of Barras, once
Directory. Even the name
obscure and forgotten
in his estate of
so
powerful,now
to be uttered.
Grosbois, was
never
Bonaparte could
not

bear to be
on

who

were

reminded

that
to

once

Already the

man.

form

that

the

consular

he
herd

had

been

pendent
de-

of flatterers,

court, had

begun

to

INDEX.

Aboukir, the battle of, 242.

Abrantes, Duchess
of, her account
the
of
reception of the captured

battle-flags,15
conduct
to

of

describes

Madame

de

the

Damas

Josephine, 223.
Duke

Abrantes,

of, 91;
of

Aides-de-camp
Egypt, 240.

Junot.

see

Bonaparte

In

Alvinzy, advance
of, 67, 71.
of the, to vote to
Council
Ancients,
the
place of meeting,
change

of Napoleon's
Barras, a witness
to Josephine, 1 ; conciliated
marriage
ens
by Josephine, 109 ; threatLavalette, 140 ; speech of, at
Bonaparte's reception in Paris,
178 ; at the end of his tether, 213 ;
Bonaparte's
disgust with, 260;
resignation of,276, 281.
Beauharnais,
Eugene
de, taken
into Bonai)arte'sconfidence, 238 ;
affection
Bonaparte's
for, 240;
wounded
Saiut Jean
at
d'Acre,

the departure of
at Saint
268; does so, 274; meets
240; describes
from
Cloud, 280.
Egypt,
244;
Bonaparte
phine,
Arcole, battle of, 80.
pleads with Bonaparte for Jose256.
of,
Army, the, of Italy,enthusiasm
25 ; the poverty of, 30 ; swiftness
Beauharnais, Hortense
de, acts in
and
Esther
before
success
of, 03; discouragement
Bonaparte, 195.
of, 72 ; heroism
of, 78 ; wild
Beauvais, a Norman
deputy, saves
its
with
284.
triumphs. 111;
Bonaparte,
joy over
ardent
regard Bonaparte as an
Bonaparte, marries the Viscountess
of Beauharnais, 1 ; deeply in love,
Republican, 131.
describes

Arnault

effect

the

of Josephine's
4, 35

beauty, 17; quoted, 39,

; his reminiscences

43, 105

for
leaves
Paris
seq.;
affectionate
letters
his
Italy, 2;

of Talleyrand, to

et

his

wife, 3, 6, 9, 11, 40, 48, 49

61, m, 73, 87, 89, 98, 100;

184; with Bonaparte at

the
Talleyrand's ball, 190; on
Egyptian expedition, 200; sails

et seq.,

with

swift

the

for

army

Egypt, 207;
Bonaparte

conversation
about

of, with
the 18th Brumaire,

Augereau
sent

win

counsels

to

Paris

by

the confidence

135;

267.

of the
the

command

of

Italy, 5; his
successes,

Republican,

crats,
Demo-

of

Army

18 ; effect of

his victory

Lodi, 18;
Milan,
agination,
of striking the imhis
hold
his
on
28;
his resignasoldiers, 29; sends
tion
enters

27 ; his power

ary
reaction-

deputies, 138.

the

victories, 10; his

14; passes for a

at

lighting, 59;
Bonaparte to

arrests

takes

to

lack

the

Directory, 32;

his

of

heart, 34; his affection

her to
Josephine, 35; urges
join him, 39 ; takes her with him
for

Ball, Talleyrand's, in

Bonaparte,

188 ; cost

honor

of, 192.

of

on

his

campaign, 47;
SOl

sentimen-

302

INDEX.

tal

in

chord

inspired by
50;

his

love

character, 30;
and

in

announces

patriotism,
advance

tlie

defeat

of

Wurmser

at Castiglione,GO, and
Tyrol, 63 ; impatient with

in the

Wurmser,

the Directory, 67;

of his devotion

58;

Carnot

assures

retreat, 72 ; confesses

forced

to

he had

lost

hope, 75 ; his despairing letter to

the
Directory, 76; his peril at
the bridge of Arcole, 80; victory
in his
of Arcole, 81 ; his faith
his
83;
disposition to
destiny,
and
fers
melancholy, 84; sufrevery
from
physical disorders, 87 ;
his

demeanor

Milan

at

cole,
after Ar-

of

the

Directory to
Italy,159 ; smashes
porcelain and declares

revolutionize

Cobenzl's
with

war

Austria,

1(50 ;

signs

the

treaty of Campo

Formio, 161 ; has

deputies arrested
ceives
brought before him, 163; re-

the

Venetian

and

Republic,

the

to

anxieties, 70;

68; his

defeats

commands

letter

from

congratulating

him

Talleyrand
the peace,

on

his return
on
to
\VA; sets out
165
his
Paris,
journey a series of
;
ovations, 168; arrives in Paris,
his

168 ;

at

171 ; public
the Luxembourg,

popularity,

reception to, at
172; pleased by Talleyrand's
flatteries,
175; his speech
the
reception, 177; attends
ball

Talleyrand's

DO; his aides-de-camp, 90;

happy in his wife's society, 93;
ill of a fever, 95 ; wins the battle
of Rivoli, 9() ; signs the treaty of
Tolentiuo, 99; his letter to the

189 ; elected

109 ; his contempt

222; his calculation

in

his

honor,

of the

member

stitute,
In-

not
to
194; determines
Paris, 197; visits the
northern
ports, 198; determines
the Egyptian expedition,198;
on
100
defeats
the
Archduke
Paris secretly, 202 ; his esleaves
cape
Pope,
;
and enters
Charles
from a serious accident, 203 ;
Germany, 102;
with
makes
Austria
and
clares
deat
Toulon, 204 ; sails from Toulon,
peace
207 ; his faith in his fortune, 209 ;
war
against Venice, 104;
his court
in the Serbelloni
Palace
proclamation of, to his men, 210 ;
105
in Milan,
contempt of the Legitimists for,
; pleases all parties,

109 ;

his court

loyal

for the

at the

tory,
Direc-

Josephine, 110 ;

to

castle

of Monte-

declares

bello, 115;
Josephine's
tutes
dog, Fortune', his rival,121 ; instia grand military festival at
his soldiers,
Milan, 124 ; happy among
127 ; reveals
to

Melito,

first for

at

134 ; his double

a

own

game,

141;

accuses

the

at

Egyptian expedition on the

Parisians, 232 ; his gigantic plans,

233; his melancholy, 235; talks

of a divorce, 236; is calmed
by
discusses
with
Bourrienne, 237;

135 ; makes
to his

240

; his

Passeriano,

143;

Venice
149; decides to abandon
Austria, 151; his situation
critical, 158; gains Talleyrand

by

sympathy

158 ; refuses

phine's
Jose-

at

to

and

obey

fidence,
con-

the

proclamation

241; his
Cairo, 242
army

at

to return

destroys

; his

march

to

Turkish

the

Aboukir, 242 ; determines

to France, 243; the Egyptian
of service

246; his
246

to his army,

wonderful

campaign

to

of

Beauharnais

Republican
advantage.

Directory of injustice,
letter
to
147;
of,
Talleyrand,

letters

de

Eugene

unfaithfulness, 238 ; fails

Saint Jean
cusses
d'Acre, 240; dishis plans with Bourrienne,

Republican proclamation

army,

effect

of the

of the

his real intentions

132 ; a

his

in

stay

skilful

perilousreturn

to
use

to

parte,
Bonaof it,

France,

at Corsica,
seq. ; arrives
249 ; lands at Frejus, 251 ; arrives

247

et

303

INDEX.

sephine,
Joto see
ia Paris, 254 ; refuses
duct
conBonaparte, Pauline, frivolous
witli
the
handsomest
255 ; is reconciled
of, 118;

lier,250 ; decides to ally himself

MoSieyes, 258, 260 ; meets
dent
259; his craft, 260; accireau,
duct
to, while
riding, 263; concivic
of, at the
banquet,
with

265

d'etat of
coup
269
et seq.;
Brumaire,
Madame
Goliier to summon
the

; arranges

in Paris, 228.
woman
Bottot, Barras'
secretary, sent to
at
Bonaparte
Passeriano,
147,
that
the
to
Bonaparte
protests
admire
and
love
him,
Directory
150.

Bourrienne, in the secret of Napoleon's

bids
Egyptian expedition, 200;
calms
her
fore
beBonaparte's jealous rage,
husband, 272; appears
Council
of
237.
the
Ancients,
Directory Boyer, Christine, wife of Lucien
275; reproaches the
and
ruinous
laws
with
Bonaparte, 227.
misery,
with the course
276 ; well content
Brumaii-e, the
18th, 263 et seq. ;
18th

the

of

279;

events,
Ancients

the

appears

and

master,

282;

of Five

Hundred

speaks
the

enters

the 19th, 280.

among
as

the, fate of, 156.

Bucentaur,

Council

is assailed, Carnot, his speech

and

tary
celebratingmili-

21 ; opposes

ter
rand's
Talleyglory,
284; his proclamation, 290; masinto the ministry,
entrance
of France, 293; possibly a
186.
Caesar in spiteof himself, 297.
defeated
Charles, the Archduke,
Bonaparte, family, the, at Monte115.
102.
bello,
by Napoleon,
See
with
phine. Cobenzl, Count, his intercourse
JoseBonaparte, Citizeness.
144
lent
Bonaparte,
; Bonaparte's viotua,
Letitia, at
scene
with, regarding ManBonaparte, Madame
to Bonaparte's
160 ; accedes
Genoa, 116; character
of, 226;

resided

with her son

Joseph, 228 ;
proposition,161.
maire, Contades, Madame
the 19th Bruself-posse'3sion

her

289.

Caroline,

Bonaparte,

228;

tious,
ambi-

229.

Bonaparte,
Bonaparte,

Elisa, 228.
character
Jerome,

of,

hatred

of Bonaparte, 223.
to the Council
Cornet, his address
of Ancients, 273; informs
parte
Bonaof the action of the Council,
275.
Council

228.

de, her

of Five

Hundred,

tion
indigna-

at Saint

of,276;
Cloud,
to Bonaparte,
280; unfavorable
persed
281, 284; uproar
in, 285; disof, 226.
by the Grenadiers, 288.
Bonaparte, Louis, aide-de-camp to
hostile
phine,
Joseparte,
to
Croissier,
aide-de-camp to BonaBonaparte, 92;

Bonaparte,

leon
Joseph,
by Napoter
Directory,12 ; charac-

meet

sent

to the

93.

228.

Bonaparte, Lucien,

character

career

of, 227; elected

of

Council

the

and

president Damas,

Madame

de, her refusal

to

meet
Ancients,
Josephine, 223.
ional
253; silences the Deputies, 276, Dandolo, at the head of the provis151 ;
in Venice,
by the Depugovernment
281; denounced
ties,
285

296.

of

; cherishes

the

liberal

hopes,

speaks

courageously
for lis country,

and
163.

quently
elo-

304

INDEX.

Desaix, Greneral, visits

at Passeriano, 14(;.

Bonaparte

Holland, King

Louis

of, see

parte,
Bona-

92.

Directory, the, glorify Napoleon,

15; celebrate
and

Gratitude

Festival

"

the

of

the Victories,"

of

Bonaparte's plans, but

use
him, 136; suspicious

19; detect

Junot,

Paris

to

sent

with

the

tured
cap-

ter
12, 16; characbattle-flags,
of, 90; tells Bonaparte that

Josephine is unfaithful, 23"),

hope to
naparte,
Boof Bouaparte, protest friendship, Josephine, her marriage with
fascinated
taken
149; no
longer
by, but
1;
seriously,
213 ; the resignation of, 270, 276.
not in love with, her husband, 4 ;
her appearance
at the festival of
Duroc, Bonaparte's aide-de-camp,
the
92.
reception of the captured
parte,
flags,15; her feelings for BonaEgyptian expedition starts from
; dislikes to leave Paris,
poleon,
37 ; criticised for not joining NaToulon, 206; useful to Bonaparte,
'^

of rashness
and
240; made
up
risks, 247.
Elliot, Bonaparte's aide, killed at
Arcole, 82, 86.
"

Festival

of Gratitude

and

Victories," celebration

of the

of, 19.

Fortune, Josephine's dog, 121.

of, with
Fouche, conversation
hier, 266.

Go-

38 ; goes

Marquis

Bonaparte,

145.

Admiral,

Rear

Gantheaume,

by
takes

Bonaparte on his ship, 243.

Genoa, Bonaparte's ultimatum

to,

110.

to

meet

Mantua, 57 ; longs for Paris, 64 ;

letter of, to Hortense, 05; stays
tion
insurrecat Milan
to prevent an
by the
there, 75 ; entertained
holds
parte
Bonaof
Genoa,
88;
city
on

of, snubbed

Milan

Bonaparte
Bonaparte, 44; saves
leave
him
to
Brescia,
by inducing
from
55; in peril,55; fired on

is

Gallo,

to

lap while his

painted by Gros, 93

letters

her

to

Bonaparte

101 ; her
Serbelloni
Palace

not

court

in

in

portrait
; her
preserved,
the

Milan, 107

of great service to Napoleon, 108 ;

conciliates
Barras, 109; her personal
and
charm,
appearance
and

kindness

of, 120;
parte's
grand reception given to, by the
213; disturbed at Bonaprinciples,
naparte, Venetians, 157 et seq. ; her happiarrival, 253 ; receives Boness
to
of,
complete, 195; wishes
258; conversation
phine's
Josewith Fouche, 266 ; declines
to
Bonaparte
Egypt,
accompany
invitation, 272; protest
206; views the departure of the
of, 276.
fleet,210; accident to, at Plomtivated bieres, 220;
Gohier, Madame,
friendshipof, culbuys Malmaison,
M.,

Gohier,

by
her

Josephine, 231;

husband

partes'plot,272.
Goncourts, the, on
the

Republican

to

true

of the

the

forms
in-

Bona-

worship

of

214.
Theophilanthropists,

Grassini's

interview

with

leon,
Napo-

111.

Gros,

paints
Bonaparte,

the
93.

first

portrait of

110;

tact

221 ; hurt

by the ridicule of the

Legitimists, 222; her relations
with
them, 224; her salon, 225;
exercises diplomacy with the Bonapartes, 225, 229 ; often short of
229; her kindly disposition,
money,
Madame
230; cultivates
Gohier's
out
friendship, 231; withher

aid

Bonaparte would

not

305

INDEX.

have

become
Gohier's

at M.

253;
denied

meet

him

the

; is reconciled

apartment,255
him, 256; her
great service
in

to

starts

road, 253;
wrong
admittance
to Bonaparte's

takes

and

Emperor, 231 ; hears

of Bonaparte's arrival,

the

tact

skill

of

of

the

18th

Bru-

with
his

him

at

real

concerning
ideas, 132.
Mersfeld, General

Milan,
and

plans

Austrian

von,

plenipotentiary

with

Bonaparte, 259;

to

secret

and

conversation

Passeriano,

at

146.

Metternich

says

that

Napoleon

was

99.
irreligious,
Michelet, quoted, 50.
not

volve Milan,
into
entrance
into,
Napoleon's
maire, 267; her attempt
of
soldiers
the Gohiers, 273 ; her presthe
comfort
the
25;
tige
tories
and influence, 295 ; takes up
in, 31 ; society in, after the vic112 ; grand
her quarters in the Tuileries,298.
of Bonaparte,

military Republican
Lanfrey, M., describes
for

attachment

Festival

at,

124.

Josephine's
Montebello,
Napoleon, 35.

Bonaparte's

court

at

the castle of, 114 ; Austrian

potentiaries
pleniLannes, General, heroism
of, at Ar86.
cole, 81,
at, 115; description
camp,
aide-deLavalette,
of, 118.
Bonaparte's
naparte
93; sent to Paris by BoMurat, sent to Paris by Napoleon,
to

135;

act

on

the

with

Royalists,

threatened

the

draft

of

the

armistice,

12.

by Barras,
timony
Bonaparte, 140 ; his teswith
his
regarding the intrigues Nelson
guarding Toulon
of Bonaparte's
fleet when
brothers
the Egyptian expedition
against
sailed, 209.
Josephine, 170.
Lavalee, Theophile, quoted, 212.
the
Lebrun, the poet, his hymn at the Paris, under
Directory, 37 ;
fickleness
23.
of, 212; not conspicuous
Republican banquet,
for morality, 214 ; all parties
naparte,
Lefebvre, General, won
over
by Boto
271.
prepared
play Bonaparte's
218.
camp,
Lemerrois,
Bonaparte's aide-degame,
92.
Pope, the. compelled by Bonaparte
tory,
cede territo pay a subsidy and
Lodi, the battle of, 18; festival
19.
100.
the
of,
celebrating
victory
Luxembourg,
public reception to
Quinet, Edgar, quoted, 83, 139, 264,
Bonaparte at, 172.
286, 294.
turns
re-

to

describes
the entry into
Marmont,
of.
tion
Ragusa, Duke
Milan, 27; Napoleon's conversaMadame
of, 91 ; Remusat
with, 28 ; character
his

account

tebello,119

; on

the
the

stay

at

at

signing of

no

his affection

the

Marmont.

de, says
for

40, 74, 101; describes

Malmaison, 221.
Rivoli, the battle of, 96.
Sardinia, armistice
Saint

Jean

leon
Napo-

li^art, 34; but

161 ; describes

the way
to Egypt, 208.
Melito,Miot de, relates Bonaparte's
on

had

Mon-

Campo Formio,
cape
esBonaparte's narrow
describes
203
at Roquevaire,
;
perils of the Egyptian expedition

treaty

the

of

See

mits
ad-

Josephine,
a

visit

to

with, 12.

d'Ange'ly,Regnault de.

306

INDEX.

accident

to

Bonaparte

while

ing
rid-

Stendhal, his anecdote

of M. Robert,

30 ; of the French
111.

in Milan,
with,
army
Scott, Walter, calls Napoleon fiery
in love as in war,
Suleau, prediction of, 261.
42; describes
the
reception of Josephine at Sulkowski,
Bonaparte's aide-doher honors
92.
Genoa, 88; describes
camp,
in Italy, 117.
naparte
Sebastiani, Colonel, ordered
Theophilanthropists, the worship
by Boto guard the Tuileries,
of, 214.
269, 271.
Talleyrand, plays the part of a
General
his
of
fanatical
account
Segur,
de,
Republican, 141; his
the
Tuileries
letter to Bonaparte on the events
the
scenes
at the
18th Brumaire, 277.
of 18th Fructidor, 142; Bonaparte
phine
JoseSerbelloni, Duke
of, meets
gains him by letters of confidence
at the
of
and
to
Milan,
45;
sympathy,
158; writes
gate
203.

his

palace
at

the

residence

of Bonaparte

Milan, 46,

Sieyes, Abbe,

Bonaparte

refuses

speak to him, 259; in league

with him, 260 ; resignationof,276.
Admiral
Smith,
Sidney, checks
Bonaparte at Acre, 241; sends
to

him

news

of French

Stael, Madame

reverses,

de, discovers

Bonaparte congratulating him on

the peace of Campo
Formio, 164

speech of, at Bonaparte's reception

in Pjiris,175; his transformation
from
tun

to

et seq.

243.

the

Citizen

; tries to overreach

187 ; gives

that

Bishop of
Talleyrand,
a

grand

honor, 189.

Au-

185

parte,
Bonaball in

Bonaparte's
16.
Tallien, Madame,
Republic was
only a means
for Bonaparte's ends, 136 ; affects
phine
a
passion for Bonaparte, 137 ; in Venice, grand reception to Jose138
decadence
151
the
17th
et
Fructidor,
at,
hiding,
;
seq. ;
efforts to get Talleyrand into the
of, 155.
parte,
Ministry, 186 ; presented to Bonafashions
under
tory,
the Direcand
questions him, 191; Women's
216.
her anecdote
of Bonaparte and
marches
to relieve
tua,
ManBarras, 197; quoted, 204; her Wurmser,
Consideratlo)is
French
54 ; defeated
the
at Castiglione,
on
and
in
the
Revolution
277
her
60,
Tyrol, 63; takes
quoted,
;
impression on the 19th Brumaire,
refuge in Mantua, 65 ; surrender
the

of, 97.

288.

Typography by J. S. Gushing
Presswork

by Berwick

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Co., Boston.

Smith, Boston.

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MEMOIRS

OF

BONAPARTE

NAPOLEON
By

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