EE334 - Transient Bounce Diagrams

13 Lecture:

pp 92-96

2-11

Transients:
Rs

t=0
+

Vo

Vs

Zo

Z
L

At t = 0 a switch is thrown, what is the voltage across ZL if L goes to zero?

V0 =

VS Z L
RS + Z L

When L is not zero, if we leave the switch closed long enough, this should be the
ultimate voltage across the load impedance.

What does this mean in a transmission line problem?

When we close the switch a voltage will begin to travel toward the load at the phase
velocity of the transmission line.
V 1+
u

What is that voltage V1+ , the first transient traveling in the positive direction.

13-1

Its magnitude is as calculated from the source voltage and impedance and the line
impedance, (it only sees the line impedance, it doesnt know there is a load at the end
of it)
Rs
+

Vo

Vs

Zo

V1+ =

VS Z 0
RS + Z 0

I 1+ =

VS
RS + Z 0

What happens at the end if the load impedance does not equal the line impedance?
(Reflection)

z=L

z=L

Transmitted
to the load

V +1 + V 1V +1

V +1
V 1u

t<t

t>t

Once the step reach the end of the line t equals the delay time some of the energy gets
transmitted to the load and some of the energy (V1-) reflects. The reflected voltage
adds to the initial step that is already there and travels in the opposite direction
towards the source.
V1 = LV1+
when this negative traveling step reaches the source it will reflect if the generator
impedance does not match the line impedance

V2+ = S V1

13-2

At steady-state the switch has been left on for a long time so there has been infinite
reflections, then:

V = V1+ + V1 + V2+ + V2 K
= V1+ + LV1+ + L S V1+ + L2 S V1+ + K

= V1+ 1 + L + L S + L2 S + K

= V1+ (1 + L ) 1 + L S + L2 S2 + K
This last series is a binomial series

1
= 1 + x + x2 + x3 + K
1 x
1

V = V1+ (1 L )

1 L S

apply the refection coef. in terms of impedances:

L =

Z L Z0
ZL + Z0

S =

ZS Z0
ZS + Z0

and simplify
V =

VS Z L
ZS + ZL

similarly

I =

which is the equivalent to no transmission line effect (as it should)

VS
V
=
ZL ZS + ZL

We need a method to keep track of the transients as they reflect in the transmission line,
the method we will use is the bounce diagram

13-3

RS

L,u

ZL

VS

z=0

z=L

position in TL (z)

t1

time
V
t2
2
t3

= V

+
1

L/u=
Time to cross
line
Slope of line is
the velocity

3
t4
4
t5
5
t6
6
z1

to find what is happening at any given position of the transmission line, draw a vertical
line at the position, each time a bounce crosses the position line the corresponding
reflected magnitude is added to the potential at that position.

13-4

V
V
V (z1,t)

t1

t2

V1+

V ( z1, t ) = V1+ (1 + L )

V1+ (1 + L + S L )

t3

t4

t5

t6

0 < t < t1
t1 < t < t 2
t 2 < t < t3
t3 < t < t 4
M

EXAMPLE: Find Vs(t) and VL(t) and plot

RS =Zo/4

Vo

Vs

Zo,

z=0

Open circuit

z=L

(1)

Calculate the reflection coefficients

Z0
3
Z0
Z Z0
3
= 4 = = 0.6
S = S
= 4
5
5
ZS + Z0 Z0
+ Z0
4
4
Z Z0 Z0
L = L
=
=1
ZL + Z0 + Z0

(2)

CalculateV1+

V1+ =

V0 Z 0
V
4
= 0 = V0 = 0.8V0
1
RS + Z 0
5
+1
4

13-5

(3) Use these values to fill in the bounce diagram:

s = -0.6

=1
L

V+1 = 0.8Vo

V1- =

0.8Vo

2
V +2= -.48Vo

3
V 2-=

-.48Vo

4
V 3+= -.288Vo

VS
= 0.8
V0
= 0.8 + 0.8 0.48 = 1.12
= .8 + .8 .48 .48 + .288 = .928

0 < t < 2
2 < t < 4
4 < t < 6

13-6

Vs/Vo
1

VL
=0
V0

0 < t <

< t < 3
3 < t < 5

= 0.8 + 0.8 = 1.6

= .8 + .8 .48 .48 = 0..64

V /Vo
L

What if we have a pulse?

We can think of a pulse as the sum of a positive step and a time delayed negative step

13-7

V1 (t ) + V2 (t ) = V (t ) = V0 u (t ) V0 u (t )

EXAMPLE
Rs = 900

1V
200ps pulse

S =
V1+ =

RS Z 0 900 100
=
= 0.8
RS + Z 0 900 + 100

Zo = 100
t = 400ps

L =

R = 25
L

Z L Z 0 25 100
=
= 0.6
Z L + Z 0 25 + 100

V0 Z 0
(1V )(100) = 0.1V = 100mV
=
RS + Z 0 900 + 100

13-8

G = 0.8

G = -0.6

V(0,t)

V(L,t)

100
200ps

100mV
-100mV
100-60

400ps
600ps

-60mV
60mV

800ps
-60-48

-48mV

1000ps
48mV

-48+28.8

1200ps
28.8mV

1400ps

-28.8mV

1600ps
28.0+23.0

23.0mV

1800ps

23.0mV

Junctions in transmission lines or cascaded transmission lines

If lines not matched there will be reflections at the junctions
Rs = 50

Vo=1.5V

Za = 50
= 500ps

S =

RS Z a 50 50
=
=0
RS + Z a 50 + 50

ab =

Z b Z a 25 50 25
1
=
=
=
Z b + Z a 25 + 50
75
3

Zb = 25
= 200ps

R =100
L

13-9

ba =

Z a Z b 50 25 25 1
=
=
=
Z a + Z b 50 + 25 75 3

L =

Z L Z b 100 25 75
=
=
= 0.6
Z L + Z b 100 + 25 125

V1+ =

V0 Z a
(1.5)(50) = .75
=
RS + Z a
50 + 50

We now need to calculate the transmission coefficient.

1
=
3
1
ab = 1 + ab = 1 =
3

ba = 1 + ba = 1 +

4
3
2
3

or we can remember that the total voltage on the left has to equal the total voltage on the
right of the connection between lines.
=0

=-1/3

ab

=1/3

L = 0.6

ba

V=.75
V = .5
V=-.25
1.0 ns

.7 ns

V=.3
V =.1

1.1 ns

V =.4
V=.06

1.4 ns

V = .02
V = .08

1.5 ns

1.8 ns

we can always calculate the steady-state potential and compare the load and source
voltages. They should converge to the steady-state values.
VSS = V =

VS Z L
1.5(100 )
=
= 1V
RS + Z L (50 )(100 )

13-10

V(0,t)
0.9V

0.75V

.098V

0.5V

V(L,t)
0.8V 0.96V 0.99V

13-11