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the subject matter. It also aids the teacher on what method to use and
where to start the subject matter. Forms of tests used are aptitude test,
readiness test, inventories and observations.
2. Formative evaluation an integral part of the teaching-learning
process that is done frequently to determine if students have or have not
mastered the learning tasks. It identifies learning errors that need to be
corrected and likewise provides feedback on the result achieved.
Possible reinforcement or remediation can be designed to improved
performance of students. For teachers, formative evaluation provides
information for handling errors properly, for making remediation more
effective and likewise a means to predict the result of summative test.
3. Diagnostic evaluation used to detect students learning
difficulties which are not revealed by formative tests or checked by
remedial instruction and other instructional adjustments. It also
discloses the underlying causes of learning difficulties. Diagnostic tests
are therefore more comprehensive and detailed. Silent Reading Test is
an example of this test.
4. Summative evaluation aims to assess the learners
achievement at the end of the teaching-learning process, for instance, at
the end of the unit. It measures the learners attainment of specific
objectives at the end of a given period. It is used in assigning marks or
grades, used to compare outcomes of different groups and it also
provide feedback to students. Techniques used include: oral reports,
projects, term papers, themes, and teacher-made achievement test.
Tests and Its Uses
Tests are devices used to obtain information needed for
evaluation purposes. Tests provide teachers with information that can
aid them in improving instruction. They also provide students with
information that aid them in understanding themselves better. Tests
likewise provide parents with information about their children that can aid
them in educational and vocational planning. Finally, tests provide
Guidance Uses
Useful in predicting an individual success in a field of study thus aid
him in choosing an appropriate course of study.
Types of Test
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respond to the test items. Tests are usually verbal tests unless otherwise
specified.
Non-verbal test also paper and pencil test or oral tests but
words are not used in giving meaning or responding to the test items.
The tests may involve numbers, drawings or physical objects.
6. Informal Tests and Standardized Tests
Informal tests are those constructed by classroom teacher
(teacher-made test).
Standardized tests constructed by test experts, administered
and scored under standard condition and interpreted with the use of
standards. Such tests have been tried out with representative groups to
evaluate the effectiveness of the items in terms of difficulty and
discriminatory power, and to establish norms. Norms are statistical
measures which provide basis for interpreting test scores.
7. Supply Tests and Selection Tests
Supply tests require examinees to recall and supply the answer,
like completion type of test and essay tests.
Selection tests require the examinees to recognize and select
the correct responses. Example of these are multiple-choice and
matching type.
8. Criterion-Referenced and Norm-Referenced Tests
Criterion-referenced test described what an individual can do
without reference to the performance of others. It describes the
performance of an individual directly, such as spelled 60 English words
out of 100 words given
Norm-referenced test determines how an individuals
performance compares with that of others. Describes performance of
examinee in terms of the relative position held in a group, such as
spelled better than 75% of the class.
Summary