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Laboratory Module
EXPERIMENT 3A
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT METHOD
1.0 OBJECTIVES
1.1 To learn fundamental temperature measuring techniques using
i. Mercury-glass thermometer
ii. Thermocouple (type K)
iii. Thermistor
iv. Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
v.Bi-metal thermometer
2.1 To compare the accuracy of the various temperature measurement devices.
2.0
EQUIPMENTS / APPARATUS
qty
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Equipment apparatus :
qty
Thermocouples Type K & lead
1
wires
1
Mercury in glass thermomerters:5 to 105 Deg C
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Mercury in glass thermomerters:-5 to 360 Deg C
1
Platinum resistance thermometer
1
Bimetallic temperature indicator :
0-400 Deg C.
Laboratory Module
Equipment Note
This Temperature Measurement Bench (Model: HE 151) has been designed to
demonstrate the fundamental temperature measuring techniques using thermocouples,
mercury in glass thermometer, resistance temperature detector (RTD), thermistor,
bimetallic temperature indicator and etc. Temperature measurement is used to measure air
temperature, boiling water temperature, ice-point temperature and wet or dry bulb
temperature. Temperature can be measured via a various ranges of sensors. All of these
sensors infer temperature by sensing changes in physical characteristics. Thermocouples
consist essentially of two wires made of different metals that joined at one end. Resistance
temperature detector devices capitalize on the fact that the electrical resistance of a metal
changes as a result of temperature change. Thermistors are based on resistance change
in ceramic semiconductor where the resistance drops nonlinearly with temperature rise.
Bimetallic devices take advantage of the difference in rate of thermal expansion between
different metals.
3.1
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3.2
Thermocouples
Thermocouple (figure 2) is a temperature measurement sensor that consists of two
dissimilar metals that joined together at one end (a junction) that produces a small
thermoelectric voltage when the junction is heated. Thermocouple thermometers
interpret the change in thermoelectric voltage as a change in temperature.
Thermocouple is available in various types with different combinations of dissimilar
metals. The most common types are: Type J, K, T and E. For example, Type K
Thermocouple is ranged between -249.75C to 1373.625C and Type J
Thermocouple is ranged between -189.81 C to 999C.
Exposed junction thermocouple is fast responding but the thermocouple itself is
unprotected and subject to corrosion from the environment. Also, the smaller the
probe sheath diameter, the faster the response. Often the thermocouple is located
inside a metal or ceramic shield that protects it from a variety of environments.
Metal-sheathed thermocouple is also available with many types of outer coating,
such as polytetrafluoro ethylene for trouble-free use in corrosive mediums.
Laboratory Module
3.3
Thermistor
Thermistor (figure 3) is a thermally sensitive resistor and has, according to type, a
negative (NIC) or positive (PTC) resistance/temperature coefficient. Thermistor
thermometry is based on the principle that metal oxides change resistance with a
change in temperature. Resistance decreases as the temperature decreases. The
meter where it is converted and displayed as a temperature reading detects this
resistance change. Thermistor has excellent accuracy over biological or ambient
temperature ranges when compared to RTDs or Thermocouples. Response time is
generally faster than RTDs.
3.4
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3.5
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Procedure
PART 1 : Ambient air temperature measurement
Take out the mercury-glass thermometer, close inspection will reveal a column of
mercury protrude from the bulb. Temperature measurement is achieved by relating
the length of this column to an engraved scale on the glass.
Read the
temperature indicated by the column at ambient air temperature.
Take out the bi-metal thermometer, close inspection will reveal a metal rod at the
end of the indicator. Temperature measurement is achieved by transferring heat to
the metal rod.
Take out a Type K thermocouple. Connect the blue and yellow plugs to the
corresponding sockets of the Type K thermocouple temperature indicator. Place
the thermocouple on the baseboard and allow the readings to stabilize at the
ambient air temperature. Read the temperature indicated on the temperature
indicator.
Take out a resistance temperature detector (RTD). Connect the RTD plugs to the
corresponding sockets of the RTD indicator. Place the RTD on the baseboard and
allow the readings to stabilize at the ambient air temperature. Read the
temperature indicated on the RTD temperature indicator.
Take out a thermistor. Connect the thermistor plugs to the corresponding sockets
of the thermistor indicator. Place the thermistor on the baseboard and allow the
readings to stabilize at the ambient air temperature. Read the temperature
indicated on the thermistor indicator.
Take out the vapor pressure thermometer. Place the vapor pressure thermometer
on the baseboard and allow the readings to stabilize at the ambient air
temperature. Read the temperature indicated on the indicator
PART 2 : Ice-point temperature measurement
Half fill the vacuum flask with a mixture of crushed ice and pure water
Insert the bulb of the thermometer into the water-ice mixture; stir gently to ensure
intimate contact with the mixture. Observe the reading on the thermometer.
Insert the metal rod of the bi-metal thermometer into the water-ice mixture; stir
gently to ensure intimate contact with the mixture. Observe the reading on the
bimetallic temperature indicator.
Insert the thermocouple probe into the water-ice mixture; stir gently to ensure
intimate contact with the mixture. Observe the reading on the thermocouple
temperature indicator
Insert the RTD probe into the water-ice mixture; stir gently to ensure intimate
contact with the mixture. Observe the reading on the RTD temperature indicator.
Insert the thermistor probe into the water-ice mixture; stir gently to ensure intimate
contact with the mixture. Observe the reading on the thermistor temperature
indicator.
Insert the metal rod of the vapor pressure indicator into the water- ice mixture; stir
gently to ensure intimate contact with the mixture. Observe the reading on the
indicator.
PART 3 : Boiling-point temperature measurement
Half fill the water heater jug with clean water and connect the power cord.
Swicth ON the water heater jug. wait until water is boil .
Be careful to the hot water.
Insert the bulb of the thermometer into boiling water. Observe the reading on the
thermometer.
Insert the metal rod of the bimetalic indicator into boiling water. Observe the
reading on the bimetallic indicator.
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Name :
Laboratory Module
Insert the thermocouple probe into boiling water. Observe the reading on the
temperature indicator.
Insert the RTD probe into boiling water. Observe the reading on the resistance
indicator.
Insert the thermistor probe into boiling water. Observe the reading on the
thermistor indicator.
Insert the metal rod of the vapor pressure indicator into boiling water. Observe the
reading on the thermometer.
______________________________
Date : ______________
Matrix No :
Laboratory Module
______________________________
Temperature device
Mercury-glass thermometer
Bi-metal thermometer
Thermocouple Probe (type K)
RTD probe
Thermistor probe
Vapor pressure indicator rod
Temperature device
Mercury-glass thermometer
Bi-metal thermometer
Thermocouple probe (type K)
RTD probe
Thermistor probe
Vapor pressure indicator rod
Temperature device
Mercury-glass thermometer
Bi-metal thermometer
Thermocouple probe (type K)
RTD probe
Thermistor probe
Vapor pressure indicator rod
Name :
Matrix No :
______________________________
______________________________
Date : ______________
Laboratory Module
7.0
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
Explain any unusual difficulties or problems which may have led to poor results
(5%)
- Gives 3 problems in your experiment
7.4.
Offer suggestions for how the experimental procedure or design could be improved.
(5%)
- Give 3 suggestion how to improves your results
7.5.
7.6 Why there are differences in temperature readings among measurement devices?.
89 C
to
Kelvin
ii)
iii)
and F
10
iii)
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Name :______________________________
C , K and F
Date : ______________
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Matrix No :______________________________
8.0
CONCLUSION
- Make an intelligent conclusion of your experiment base on data and discussion
- Give examples in industrial application
- Is this result a kind of contribution to knowledge?
8.0
REFERENCE (2%)
- Gives at least 2 reference
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