Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Programme:
DATE:
DURATION:
TIME:
3 HOURS
Instructions to Candidates
1. This paper has 11 pages and 17 questions.
2. You are required to answer and submit ALL questions on the question paper.
3. All charts required for these questions have been supplied.
4. Please note that some questions are worth more marks than others so you should allocate
your time accordingly.
5. Submit your answers on the question paper.
6. Material that is foreign to that allowable or provided in the examination room is prohibited.
7. You must return the question paper along with other writing paper to the Invigilator at the
end of the examination.
Page 1
Student Number______________________
Show all working to gain full marks. Use additional sheets as necessary.
Your student number and the question number(s) must be shown clearly on all
additional sheets which should be stapled to the question paper.
WHEN SUBMITTING YOUR PAPER PLEASE PLACE THE QUESTIONS IN NUMERICAL
ORDER FROM 1 TO 17.
Page 2
Student Number______________________
(TOTAL 20 marks)
1. Which type of resistivity tool can be used in a well which has been drilled with oil-base mud?
(Circle one)
(2 marks)
Laterolog
Induction
2. Circle two of the following which can cause the resistivity of a rock to increase:
(2 marks)
(a)
(b)
A decrease in tortuosity
(c)
3. Generally with resistivity tools the greater the spacing between the measuring electrodes
the greater the depth of investigation. True or False.
(2 marks)
True
False
4. Which of the following indicate that a rock is permeable? (Circle all that apply).
(2 marks)
Low gamma-ray
SP deflection
Low resistivity
High porosity
5. The density porosity tool responds to the total formation porosity not effective porosity.
(Circle one)
(2 marks)
a) True
b) False
Page 3
Student Number______________________
6. Which of the following is correct with respect to the effect of the presence of shale and gas on
the Compensated Neutron tool?
(2 marks)
a)
They have the similar effects, each causing the tool to read high porosities.
b) They have similar effects, each causing the tool to read low porosities.
c)
They have opposite effects, shale causing the tool to read high and gas causing
it to read low porosities
(2 marks)
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same.
8. You are given the Gamma-Ray log on a well which has been drilled through a siliciclastic
sequence. The Gamma-Ray reading of a clean sand is 20 API units and the shale baseline
has a reading of 120 API units. The Gamma Ray Shale Index of a formation is 0.25. The
Gamma Ray reading across f this formation is?
(2 marks)
25 API units
35 API units
45 API units
9. The response of the gamma ray tool is unaffected by the presence of hydrocarbons.
(Circle One)
(2 marks)
True
False
10. You are working with porosity logs the header indicates that the logs are recorded on a
limestone matrix and fluid density is 1.0 g/cc. The density porosity reading is 15% and the
neutron porosity reading is 8%. What is the most likely lithology of the formation?
The only choices are: Sandstone, Limestone, Shale, Dolomite.
(2 marks)
______________________________________
Page 4
Student Number______________________
(TOTAL 40 marks)
0.81
___________
Page 5
Student Number______________________
_______________
13. In a clean hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone formation the neutron and density logs read 10 and
38 sandstone porosity units, respectively. The shallowest resistivity reading is 10 ohm-m
across the hydrocarbon-bearing formation and the resistivity of mud filtrate at the temperature
of the formation is 0.075 Ohm-m. The residual hydrocarbon saturation in the flushed zone is
0.65. What is the in situ hydrocarbon density? Estimate the effective porosity of the formation.
Assume that a=0.81, m and n = 2 in Archies equation. (8 marks)
Show working below:
__________________________
14.
An interval transit time of 90 sec/ft was measured in a sandstone reservoir. The
acoustic velocity of the matrix was 18000 ft/sec.
(6 Marks)
a. What is the interval transit time of the matrix?
Show working below
Page 6
Student Number______________________
b. Assume a fluid transit time of 189 sec/ft. Calculate the porosity in the sandstone reservoir
using Wyllies time average equation.
Show working below:
Lithology
Porosity
16. The table below shows the porosity values in limestone porosity units which were obtained
across two formations. Identify the lithology and the effective porosity of each formation.
(8 Marks)
Formation
A
B
Density
Porosity
14
-12
Neutron
Porosity
27
1
Lithology
Effective
Porosity
Page 7
Student Number______________________
(TOTAL 40 marks)
a. Based on a review of the SP log indicate which of the following is correct. (Select one).
(2 marks)
Rmf > Rw
Rmf = Rw
Rmf < Rw
b. Indicate the depth of the top of the hydrocarbon bearing interval in the well and provide
the gross thickness of the hydrocarbon bearing interval in the well.
(6 marks)
____________________
Page 8
Student Number______________________
(3 marks)
_____________________
d. Calculate the resistivity of the formation water in the well, Rw, using the sand @ 6048
6054. Assume that the value of Vsh in the interval = 0.23. The porosity logs should be
corrected for shale in determining the effective porosity
(5 marks)
(3 marks)
Page 9
Student Number______________________
f.
Calculate the value of Vsh at 5910 given that the value of Vsh at 6053 is 0.23. You
should assume a simple linear relationship between Gamma Ray Shale Index and Vsh.
(5 marks)
Show all work below
(6 marks)
You should use the average of the corrected neutron and density porosity values as the
porosity value in calculating the hydrocarbon saturation.
Show all work below
Page 10
Student Number______________________
(4 marks)
i. Determine the in-situ hydrocarbon density at 5910 and based on this determine whether
the hydrocarbon bearing interval contains oil or gas.
(3 marks)
Page 11
Student Number______________________
(3 marks)
END OF EXAMINATION
Page 12