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PROCEDURES
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Outline
1. INTRODUCTION: Sampling vs. Census
2. PROCEDURE FOR DRAWING SAMPLE
3. TYPES OF SAMPLING PLANS
4. NONPROBABILITY SAMPLES
5. PROBABILITY SAMPLES
1. SAMPLING VS. CENSUS
ADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING
Ø Time
Ø Cost
DISADVANTAGES
Ø Because only a sample has
been drawn, there is
associated uncertainty (error)
1. SAMPLING VS. CENSUS
Target
Populatio
n
Sample
2. PROCEDURE FOR DRAWING SAMPLE
(slightly different from procedure in your book)
v PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Ø Every member of the population has a
known, non-zero probability of being
selected
v NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Ø The probability of any particular
member being chosen for the sample
is unknown
NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS
CONVENIENCE SAMPLES
Ø Nonprobability samples used primarily
because they are easy to collect
JUDGMENT SAMPLES
Ø Nonprobability samples in which the
selection criteria are based on personal
judgment that the element is
representative of the population under
study
NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS
QUOTA SAMPLES
Ø Nonprobability samples in which
population subgroups are classified on
the basis of researcher judgment
SNOWBALL SAMPLES
Ø Nonprobability samples in which
selection of additional respondents is
based on referrals from the initial
respondents
PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
Ø A probability sample in which every
element of the population has a known
and equal probability of being selected
into the sample
Sample Size
Probability of Selection = Population Size
PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS
v TWO-STEP PROCEDURE:
-- Population is divided into mutually
exclusive and collectively exhaustive subsets
-- A random sample of the subsets is selected
-- In one-stage cluster sampling, all elements in
the randomly selected subsets are included
-- In two-stage cluster sampling, a sample is
selected probabilistically from each randomly
selected subset
MOTIVATION FOR CLUSTER SAMPLING
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
Probability sampling in which the entire
population is numbered. The first number
is drawn randomly. Subsequent elements
are drawn using a skip interval.
Population Size
Skip Interval =
Sample Size
PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHODS