Assertion-reason questions

Directions: Please refer to the following instructions:

A
B
C
D

Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st
statement.
Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of
the 1st statement.
The 1st statement is false while the 2nd statement is true.
Both statements are false.
1st statement
Polythene can be used to make food
wrapping films.

2nd statement
Polythene is flexible and waterproof.

Wash bottles used in the chemistry

laboratory are commonly made of
polythene.

Polythene is thermoplastic.

Thermosetting plastics can be used to

make handles of kettles.

Thermosetting plastics can withstand high

temperature.

Ethene and polythene can decolourize

bromine dissolved in an organic
solvent.

Ethene and polythene belong to the same

homologous series.

Polypropene can be melted by gentle

heating.

There is no cross-link between polymer

chains in polypropene.

PVC is softened by heat.

PVC is a thermoplastic.

Polyvinyl chlorine is acidic.

Polyvinyl chloride gives off acidic gases

when burnt.

Polyvinyl chloride can decolourize

bromine dissolved in an organic
solvent.

The monomers of polyvinyl chloride are

unsaturated.

Styrene and polystyrene have the

carbon to hydrogen ratio.

Styrene is the monomer of polystyrene.

10

Expanded polystyrene can be used for

making lunch boxes.

Expanded polystyrene is a good insulator of

heat.

11

Expanded polystyrene is used as

packaging materials.

Expanded polystyrene is a good shock

absorber.

12

Polystyrene is a condensation
polymer.

Polystyrene can be remoulded.

13

Perspex can be used to make aircraft

windows.

Perspex is an addition polymer.

14

Polyester can be used for making

handles of kettles.

Polyester is a thermosetting plastic.

15

Polyester can be used for making

contact lenses.

Polyester is transparent and smooth.

16

Polyester is formed by addition

polymerization.

Polyester is a thermoplastic.

17

Polyester softens on heating.

Polyester is formed by condensation

polymerization.

18

Nylon is a thermosetting plastic.

During polymerization, the monomers of

nylon join together repeatedly with the
elimination of small molecules.

19

Nylon is commonly used for making

ropes.

Nylon has a high tensile strength.

20

Nylon can be used to make electric

plugs.

Nylon consists of polymer chains with

cross-links.

21

Nylon is a condensation polymer.

Nylon is softened by heat.

22

In the preparation of nylon, protective

gloves should be worn.

Some of the reactants used in the

preparation of nylon are corrosive.

23

When concentrated sulphuric acid is

added dropwise to a solution

Concentrated sulphuric acid oxidizes

methanal to methanoic acid in the process.

containing urea and methanal with

shaking, a thermoplastic can be
formed.
24

Urea-methanal is used to make

electrical adaptors.

Urea-methanal is a plastic.

25

Urea-methanal is used to make

electrical adaptors.

Urea-methanal does not melt on heating.

26

Urea-methanal is an addition polymer.

Urea-methanal has cross-links between

polymer chains.

27

Urea-methanal is a condensation
polymer.

Small molecules are eliminated when ureamethanal is formed from its monomers.

28

Urea-methanal softens on gentle

heating.

Urea-methanal is a condensation polymer.

29

Both nylon and urea-methanal are

thermosetting plastics.

Both nylon and urea-methanal are nitrogencontaining compounds.

30

Compression moulding is usually used

to mould urea-methanal.

Urea-methanal cannot be softened once set

hard.

31
can undergo addition

is unsaturated.

polymerization.
32

All thermoplastics are addition

polymers.

All thermoplastics soften on heating.

33

Thermoplastics can be moulded.

There are strong covalent bonds between

atoms within each polymer chain of
thermoplastics.

34

Thermosetting plastics must be more

expensive than thermoplastics.

Items made of thermosetting plastics cannot

be reused.

35

All condensation polymers are

thermosetting plastics.

Condensation polymers do not soften or

melt on heating.

36

Thermoplastics are biodegradable

while thermosetting plastics are nonbiodegradable.

There are cross-links between polymer

chains in thermosetting plastics.

37

Thermosetting plastics melt only at

very high temperature.

There are intermolecular forces between the

polymer chains of thermosetting plastics.

38

All polymers have low melting points.

Polymers are covalent compounds.

39

In Hong Kong, most plastic waste are

treated by incineration.

Incineration of plastic waste in incinerators

with tall chimneys can reduce the emission
of toxic gases.

40

Landfilling is not an ideal method of

treating plastic waste.

Most plastics are non-biodegradable.

41

In the pyrolysis of plastics, useful

chemicals can be obtained.

In the pyrolysis of plastics, a lot of energy is

required.

42

Recycling of plastics helps conserve

non-renewable energy resources.

The monomers of plastics are derived from

non-renewable energy sources.

43

Detergent is a wetting agent.

Detergent can form an emulsion with a

mixture of water and grease.

44

Soapy detergent is an emulsifying

agent.

Soapy detergent can lower the surface

tension of water.

45

When a detergent solution is added to

oil and then shaken, an emulsion is
formed.

A detergent particle contains an ionic head

and a hydrocarbon tail.

46

Detergent can clean greasy marks on a

cloth by hydrolysis.

The cleaning ability of detergent is due to

its wetting and emulsifying properties.

47

The hydrophilic head of a detergent

particle must be anionic.

The hydrophilic head of a detergent particle

is soluble in water.

48

Soap is a salt of alkanoic acid.

Some alkanoic acids are soluble in water.

49

Sodium ethanoate (CH3COO-Na+) can

act as a soap.

Sodium ethanoate is soluble in both water

and oil.

50

(CH3(CH2)15COO-)Mg2+ can be used as

a soap.

(CH3(CH2)15COO-)2Mg2+ is a metallic salt of

alkanoic acid.

51

CH3(CH2)12OSO3-Na+ is a soapless
detergent.

Particles of all soapless detergents contain a

hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

52

The hydrocarbon tail of a detergent is

hydrophobic.

The hydrocarbon tail of a detergent is

insoluble in water.

53

A detergent should be soluble in both

water and grease.

A detergent can reduce the surface tension

of water.

54

In the preparation of soapless

detergents, petroleum, sulphuric acid
and sodium hydroxide solution.

Concentrated sulphuric acid can react with

sodium hydroxide to give a salt.

55

In the laboratory preparation of soap,

brine is refluxed with oil.

Brine hydrolyses oil to give glycerol and

soap.

56

In the preparation of soap, saturated

sodium chloride solution is added to
the reaction mixture after
saponification.

Saturated sodium chloride solution helps the

precipitation of soap from the reaction
mixture.

57

Soap can be prepared from alkaline

hydrolysis of paraffin oil.

During the hydrolysis of paraffin oil,

glycerol and soap are produced.

58

Most window cleaners contain

ammonia solution instead of sodium
hydroxide solution.

Sodium hydroxide can attack glass.

59

Dilute ammonia solution is used as the

active ingredient in many domestic
glass cleaners.

Dilute ammonia solution is non-corrosive.

60

The prices of soapy detergents are

Soapy detergents are derived from

affected by the price of petroleum.

petroleum.

61

Soapy detergents does not function

well in soft water.

An insoluble salt of alkanoic acid is formed

when a soapy detergents reacts with
magnesium ions.

62

Soapy detergents can function well in

limewater.

Soapy detergent forms soluble compounds

with limewater.

63

Soapless detergents form scum when

added to hard water.

Soapless detergents react with magnesium

irons or calcium ions to give insoluble salts.

64

The hardness of water can be reduced

by adding sodium hydrogencarbonate
solution.

Hard water contains a high concentration of

calcium ions or magnesium ions.

65

Washing soda can reduce the hardness

of water.

Washing soda reacts with calcium ions and

magnesium ions to form insoluble
carbonates.

66

Hydrated sodium carbonate powder is

a water softener.

Carbonate ions reacts with hydrogen ions to

give carbon dioxide.

67

Soapless detergent lathers immediately

when shaken with sea water.

Sea water contains calcium ions and

magnesium ions.

68

When a large amount of soap is

shaken with a few cm3 of sea water, no
latter is observed.

Soap reacts with calcium ions and

magnesium ions in sea water to give scum.

69

Phosphates can increase the cleaning

ability of detergents.

Phosphates may cause algal bloom.

70

Soapy detergent does not cause

pollution problems.

Soapy detergent is biodegradable.

71

Biodegradable detergents cause no

harm to the environment.

Biodegradable detergents can be

decomposed by bacteria readily.

72

All soapy detergents are irritating to

skin.

All soapy detergents are acidic.