UNIT 1

1.1 Macedonian language and alphabet

1.2 The Letters of the Macedonian alphabet
1.3 Pronunciation
-The pronunciation of the vowels
- The pronunciation of the consonants
1.4 The Greetings
UNIT 2
2.1 Dialogue I
2.2 Dialogue II
2.3 Personal Pronouns
2.4 The verb (to be)
2.5 The Plural of Nouns
2.6 Accent
2.7 Vocabulary
UNIT 3
3.1 Text I
3.2 Text II
3.3 Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives
3.4 Demonstrative Pronouns
3.5 Definite Article
3.6 The preposition (Na)
UNIT 4
4.1 Numerals
4.2 Telling Time and Date
-What time is it?
-Time expressions
-Days
-Months
UNIT 5
5.1 Interrogative sentences with the interrogative pronouns
5.2 Questions with , , and
5.3 The affirmative and the negative
5.4 Verb Tenses
UNIT 6
6.1 General
6.2 Family and relatives
6.3 City, Country
6.4 Geographic Terms and Natural Phenomena
6.5 Food and Drink
6.6 Some Verbs
6.7 Country names

UNIT 1

1.1 MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE AND ALPHABET

Macedonian, the official language of the Republic of Macedonia, is an Indo-European language from
the family of Slavic languages belonging to the South-Slavic group. At the same time, it is a Balkan
language. It was proclaimed the official language of the Republic of Macedonia at the First Session of
the Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia, held on August 2, 1944. Macedonian Standard
is based on the central variants of the western dialects.
Macedonian shares a set of grammatical features that set it apart from all other Slavic languages
except the Bulgarian language:
a suffixed definite article that comes after the noun, the adjective or the possessive pronoun (kniga
- book; knigata - the book);
the loss of case forms, except the vocative form in some situations (zemja - land; zemjo moja you, my land);
analytic declination - in Macedonian, as in English, prepositions have replaced cases as a way of
showing the grammatical relationships between different parts of a sentence (Daj mu ja knigata na
deteto! - Give the book to the child!; Knigata za deteto. - The book about the child.);
three-syllable accent (the accent always falls on the third syllable from the end in words of three
syllables or more) and the clear pronunciation of unaccented vowels; (pla-ni-na ; pla-ni-na-ta ; plani-na-ri-te);
double object (Jas ja sakam nea. - I love her.; Jas go sakam nego. - I love him.);
constructions with ima / nema - has / hasn't (Imam videno... - I have seen...; Nemam videno... - I
have not seen...);
constructions with sum (to be) + verb-adjective (Ne sum jaden utrovo. - I didn't eat this
morning.), etc.
The Macedonian language uses the Cyrillic alphabet. There are 31 sounds in the Macedonian
language. In the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet, there is one symbol for each sound, that is, there are
as many letters as sounds (31), making it completely phonetic. Spelling in Macedonian does not
present any difficulties since there is one symbol for each sound. Thus, Macedonian is surely one of
the easiest languages to learn to read and write

1.2 THE LETTERS OF THE MACEDONIAN ALPHABET

The Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet has 31 letters (5 vowels and 26 consonants).
The Letters of the Macedonian alphabet are:

, , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , .

1.3 PRONUNCIATION
THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE VOWELS
The vowels , , , , are pronounced like their English equivalents in the following words:
Macedonian
Cyrillic

Latin
equivalent

Pronunciation

A
E
I
O
U

- tatko - father ... like a in father

- metal - metal ... like e in metal
- ima - has ... like i in image or ee in see
- oko - eye ... like o in cold
- utre - tomorrow ... like oo in food

NOTE: The consonant (latin equivalent: R) in some positions in a word has a vowel function. In
some of those positions, when a word begins with or when there is a vowel before the , then the
letter is writen using the sign " ' " before it: '. When (latin equivalent: r) has a vowel function it
sounds much like the middle sound in the English words girl, bird or serve:
For example, the consonant has a vowel function in these words:
/prst/ - finger > pronunciation: something like perst (pirst) ; like ir in English first
/prv/ - first > pronunciation: something like perv
/drvo/ - tree > pronunciation: something like dervo
/chetvrtok/ - Thursday > pronunciation: something like chet-ver-talk
' /'rzh/ - rye > pronunciation: something like erzh
' /'rbet/ - back, backbone > pronunciation: something like erbet
' /za'rzhi/ - to start neighing > pronunciation: something like zah-er-zhee *green
is the accent
The vocal schwa [] that appears in some dialects and words is written using the sign '`': `
[ksmet], ` [sska], ` [fstak], ` [tnka], ` [tga], ` [Vlkov] etc.

THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE CONSONANTS

The consonants ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, are pronounced like their
English equivalents in the following words:
Macedonian Latin
Cyrillic
equivalent

Pronunciation

B
V
G
D
Gj
Zh
Z

Dz

- buka - beech ... like b in book

- vera - faith ... like v in very
- gora - wood ... like g in go
- da - yes ... like d in dust
- lugje - people ... like gi in give
- zhaba - frog ... like sio in vision
- za - for ... like z in zoo
- dzid - wall ... like z in italian zero; pronounce d and z
together > d-z > dz

J
K
L
Lj
M
N

Nj

P
R
S
T
Kj
F
H
C / Ts
Ch

- jas - I ... like y in yacht

- kama - dagger ... like c in camera
- luk - garlic ... like l in look
- ljubov - love ... like lio in million
- mi - me ... like m in me
- no - but ... like n in no
- dinja - melon ... like ni- or ny- in onion or canyon; the
spanish

Dzh
Sh

- pat - path ... like p in path

- rob - slave ... like r in robot
- son - dream ... like s in son, sun
- tuka - here ... like t in too
- kjup - vessel ... like cu in cute
- fakt - fact ... like f in fact
- himna - anthem ... like h in him
- car / tsar - tsar ... like ts in tsar
- chaj - tea ... like ch in much
- dzhin - giant ... like j in jungle
- shuma - forest ... like sh in shop

1.4 THE GREETINGS

Here are the Macedonian greetings and their English equivalents. The most common greeting
expression is ! /zdrvo/ - Hello!.
Here are other greetings:
! /dobr utro/ - Good morning!
! /dbar den/ - Good afternoon!
! /dobrvecher/ - Good evening!
! /dbra nkj/ - Good night!
! /prjatno/ - Have a nice day! ; Good bye!
! /dovidvanje/ - Good bye!
! /zbgum/ - Farewell!
? /kko ste/ - How are you? ; How do you do?
! /mngu dbro/ - Very well!
! /blagdaram/ - Thank you!

UNIT 2
2.1 Dialogue I
- ! (Hello!)
* Jana Zdravo!
- ! (Hi!)
* Aleksandar Zdravo!
- . . , ? (I am a
Macedonian. My name is Jana Petrova. What is your name, please?)
* Jana - Jas sum makedonka. Moeto ime e Jana Petrova. Koj ste vie, ve molam?
- . . (I am a
Macedonian. My name is Aleksandar Markovski)
* Aleksandar - Jas sum makedonec. Moeto ime e Aleksandar Markovski.
- , ? (And who is he?)
* Jana - A, koj e toj?
- . . (He is an American, his name is
John Smith)
* Aleksandar - Toj e amerikanec. Se vika Dzhon Smit.
- ? (Is she an American as well?)
* Jana - I taa e amerikanka?
- , . . (Yes, she is an
American too, her name is Anna Brown)
* Aleksandar - Da, i taa e amerikanka. Nejzinoto ime e Ana Braun.
- , ? (And who are they?)
* Jana - A, koi se tie?
- . (They are English)
* Aleksandar - Tie se anglichani.
2.2 Dialogue II
: ! (Hello!)
* Ana: Zdravo!
: ! (Hi!)
* Dzhon: Zdravo!
: (Are you English?)
* Ana: Vie ste anglichanec?
: , , . . ,
? (No, I am not English, I am American. My name is John Smith. What
about you, are you American?)
* Dzhon: Ne, ne sum anglichanec, jas sum amerikanec. Moeto ime e Dzhon Smit. A, vie
amerikanka ste?
: , . . (Yes, I am an American as well.
My name is Anna Brown.)
* Ana: Da, i jas sum amerikanka. Moeto ime e Ana Braun.

2.3 PERSONAL PRONOUNS

The personal pronouns in Macedonian are:

Singular - Plural -
- I

- we

- you

- you

- he
- she
- it

- they

Note: 2nd person singular is the familiar form, used when

addressing a close friend, a child, or a member of one's
family. The polite form of address is 2nd person plural .

2.4 THE VERB (TO BE)

Present Tense of the verb (To Be)
Singular -

Plural -

- I am

- we are

- you are

- you are

, , - he, she, it is - they are

Past Tense of the verb (To Be)

Singular -

Plural -

- I was

- we were

- you were

- you were

, , - he, she, it
was

- they were

Future Tense of the verb (To Be)

Singular -

Plural -

- I shall be

- we shall be

- you will bw

- you will be

, , - he, she, it will

- they will be

be
Samples:
. - I am Macedonian.
. - You are a Macedonian.
. - We are Macedonians. ...
. - I was in Macedonia.
. - You were in Macedonia.
. - She was in Macedonia. ...
. - I shall be a teacher.
. - He will be a teacher.
. - She will be a teacher.

2.5 THE PLURAL OF NOUNS

There is a grammatical gender in Macedonian. The three grammatical genders into which all
Macedonian nouns fall are the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter. There are two numbers: the
singular and the plural. Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, definition, and number.
In most cases:
- the singular masculine nouns have a consonant in the end of word, for example:
(mazh), (moliv), (kompjuter), (chovek), (uchitel), (grad),
(stol), (kluch), (Vardar - river in Macedonia)...
- the singular feminine nouns have the ending:
-a or -ja , for example: (zhena), (devojka), (kniga), (masa),
(svadba), (Bitola - city in Macedonia), (Makedonija - Macedonia),
(lekcija), (organizacija)...
- , for example: (milost), (chesnost), (vernost),
(hrabrost), (doblest)...
- there are some feminine nouns that have a consonant in the end of word, for example:
(ljubov), (prolet), (esen), (sol), (var)...
- the singular neuter nouns have the ending: -or -, for example: (selo), (pismo),
(Tetovo - city in Macedonia), (pile), (kuche), (tele), (dete),
(momche), (devojche), (Skopje - the capital of Macedonia)...

Forming of Plural
- The plural of masculine nouns is formed by adding - or -, - to the singular:
- ; - ; - ... (mazh - mazhi, moliv - molivi, kompjuter
- kompjuteri...)
- ; - ; - ... (stol - stolovi, grad - gradovi, kluch - kluchevi...)
If there are two objects the plural of masculine nouns is formed by adding -to the singular:
1 - 2 ; 1 - 2 ; 1 - 2 ...
- The plural of feminine nouns is formed by adding - to the singular without -a or -:
- ; - ; - ... (zhena - zheni, kniga - knigi, masa - masi...)
- ; - ... (lekcija - lekcii, organizacija - organizacii...)

 - ... (doblest - doblesti...)

- The plural of neuter nouns is formed by adding - or - to the singular without the last vowel:
- ; - ; - ; - ... (selo - sela, pismo - pisma, pile pilinja, kuche - kuchinja...)

2.6 ACCENT
The accent is a characteristic feature of the Macedonian literary standard language. There is threesyllable accent (the accent always falls on the third syllable from the end in words of three syllables or
more). Unaccented vowels are clear pronounced.
Sample: /Makednija/ - Macedonia > pronunciation: mah-keh-doh-nee-yah *green is
the accent
/vropa/ - Europe > pronunciation: eh-vro-pah
In two-syllable words the accent falls on the second syllable from the end in word.
Sample: /zhna/ - a woman > pronunciation: zheh-nah
but, /zhnata/ - the woman > pronunciation: zheh-nah-ta ; see lesson 3: Definite
Article
In some foreign origin words the three-syllable accent rule is not used.
Sample: /renom/ - reputation > pronunciation: reh-no-meh
/kultra/ - culture > pronunciation: cool-too-rah
2.7 Vocabulary
/me/ - name
/kj/ - who
/ve mlam/ - please
/me/ - my
/se vka/ - its name is
/makdonec = makdonets/ - Macedonian (man)
/makdonka/ - Macedonian (woman)
/makdonski/ - Macedonian (like adverb or adjective)
/amerkanec/ - American (man)
/amerkanka/ - American (woman)
/njzino/ - her
/vo/ - in
/chitel/ - a teacher
/uchtelka/ - a teacher (woman)
/mazh/ - man
/mliv/ - penpencil
/kompjuter/ - computer
/stol/ - chair
/grad/ - town, city
/kluch/ - key
/zhna/ - woman
/knga/ - book
/msa/ - table
/lkcija = lktsija/ - lesson
/organizcija/ - organization
/slo/ - village,country

 /psmo/ - letter
/ple/ - chicken
/kche/ - dog
Note: The vocabulary words are listed not by alphabetical order, but in order of their appearance in the
text.

UNIT 3
3.1 Text I
. - This is mine.
. - Take my book.
. - This book is mine.
. - Take my pencil.
. - This pencil is mine.
3.2 Text II
. - I have a new book.
. - The book is very interesting.
. - The book is mine.
. or . - This is my book. ; This book is mine.
. or . - That is my book. ; That book is mine.
. - This is your book.
. - Take this book.
. / . - Take that book.

3.3 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

The possessive pronouns and the possessive adjectives in Macedonian have the same form. They
are:
Singular -

Plural -

, , , - my / mine

, , , - our / ours

, , , - your / yours

, , , - your / yours

, , , - his / his
, , , - her / hers
, , , - its / its

, , , - their / theirs

Note:
, , , , , , go with singular masculine nouns
, , , , , , go with singular feminine nouns
, , , , , , go with singular neuter nouns
, , , , , , go with plural nouns of the three grammatical
genders
Sample:
- masculine noun - key :

 . - This key is mine.

. - This is my key.
- feminine noun - book :
. - This book is mine.
. or . - This is my book.
. - These books are mine.
. - These are my books.
- neuter noun - dog :
. - This dog is mine.
. - This is my dog.

3.4 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

gender -

Singular

masculine

-he
- this
- that

feminine

- she
- this
- that

neuter

- it
- this
- that

Plural -

- they
- these
- those

3.5 DEFINITE ARTICLE

The Suffixed Definite Article is a characteristic feature of the Macedonian literary standard language.
There are three forms for each gender in singular and plural.
For example:
- Singular:
- (kniga) - singular feminine noun, meaning a book
(knigata), meaning the book
(knigava), meaning the book near me
(knigana), meaning the book over there
- Plural:
- (knigi) - plural feminine noun, meaning books
(knigite), meaning the books
(knigive), meaning the books near me
(knigine), meaning the books over there

gender -
masculine

Singular

Plural -

-
-

-
-

feminine

neuter

-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-

Sample 1:
. (Ima kniga na masata.) - There is a book on the table.
. (Knigata e na masata.) - The book is on the table.

Sample 2:
- masculine noun - key :
. - The key is mine. / That key is mine.
. - This key is mine.
. - That key is mine. ...
- feminine noun - book : . - The book is mine. / That book is mine.
. - This book is mine.
. - That book is mine.
. - The books are mine. ...
- neuter noun - dog : . - The dog is mine. / That dog is mine.
. - This dog is mine.
. - That dog is mine.
. - These dogs are mine.
. - Those dogs are mine.
Note: When adjective or possessive pronoun is used before the noun then the Definite Articles go to
the adjective or to the possessive pronoun.
Sample 3:
- noun - dog ; - noun,plural - dogs
- adjective - white ; - adjective,plural - white
- possessive pronoun - my, mine
. - The dog is mine.
. - The white dog is mine.
. - This dog is mine.
. - This white dog is mine.
. - These white dogs are mine.
. - My dog is white.

3.6 THE PREPOSITION (NA)

The most used preposition in the Macedonian language is the preposition (NA). This preposition
has a lot of grammatical functions and meanings:
a) . (Jana e na uchilishte.) - Jana is at school.
a) . (Na Bozhik.) - At Christmas.
a) . (Na masata.) - On the table.
b) . (Toa go kazhav na shega.) - I said it as a joke.
c) . (Kje odam na plivanje.) - I will go to swim ("to take a swim").
d) . (Ova e kolata na Georgi.) - This is the Georgi's car (the car of Georgi).
e) ? (Na kogo mu go kazha toa?) - To whom did you tell it?
f) . (Mu kazhav na Gerogi.) - I told (to) Georgi.

UNIT 4
4.1 NUMERALS
The cardinal and ordinal numbers in Macedonian are:

number

ordinal numbers

cardinal numbers
masculine

feminine

neuter

0 /nula/

/eden/ m.
1 /edna/ f.
/edno/ neut.

3 /tri/

4 /chetiri/

5 /pet/

6 /shest/

7 /sedum/

8 /osum/

9 /devet/

10 /deset/

11 /edinaeset/

12

13

/dva/ m.
/dve/ f. neut.

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

30

31

32

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

101

102

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

999

1000

1001

2000

1000000

4.2 TELLING TIME AND DATE

What time is it?
? - What's the time? ; What time is it?
. - It is nine oclock. - 09.00
(). - It is a quarter past nine. - 09.15
. - It is half past nine. - 09.30
(). - It is twenty five minutes past ten. - 10.25
. - It is forty minutes past eleven. - 11.40
. - It is a quarter to twelve (a.m.). - 11.45
. - It is ten minutes past twelve. - 12.10
. - It is now midday.
. - It is now midnight.
. - In one hour (An hour later).
. - In ten minutes.
. - Now.
. - It is still early.
. - It is late.
, ? - What time is it, please?
. - My watch has stopped working.
. - My watch is fast.
? ; ? - At what time?
? - When?
(). - At one oclock.
. - At ten oclock in the evening.
2 1903 . - / / - August 2, 1903
> pronunciation: vto-ree aav-goost ili-yah-dah de-vet-sto-teeny ee trae-ta go-dee-nah *green is
the accent
Time expressions:
/den/ -day
/msec = mesets/ - month
/gdina/ - year
, /vek, stoltie/ - century
/chas/ - hour
/mnuta/ - minute
/skunda/ - second
/tro/ - morning
/pldne/ - noon
/vcher/ - evening
/nokj/ - night
/prlet/ - spring
/lto/ - summer
/sen/ - aumtumn
/zma/ - winter
Days:

 /ponedelnik/ - Monday
/vtornik/ - Tuesday
/sreda/ - Wednesday
/chetvrtok/ - Thursday
/petok/ - Friday
/sabota/ - Saturday
/nedela/ - Sunday
Months:
/januari/ - January
/fevruari/ - February
/mart/ - March
/april/ - April
/maj/ - May
/juni/ - June
/juli/ - July
/avgust/ - August
/septemvri/ - September
/oktomvri/ - October
/noemvri/ - November
/dekemvri/ - December

UNIT 5
5.1 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES WITH THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
Some interrogative sentences are formed using the interrogative pronouns: (Who) , (What)
and (Whose), and placing the subject after the linking verb , for example:
- /masculine singular/ , /feminine singular/, /neuter singular/, /plural/ - Who
. - I am John Smith.
? - Who am I?
. - He is Aleksandar Markovski.
? - Who is he?
. - She is Jana Petrova.
? - Who is she?
. - They are my friends.
? - Who are they?
- , , - Who / Whom / To whom
? - Who are you waiting for?
? - Whom/Who did you see?
? - Who/Whom did you give it to?
? - To whom did you give it?
- - What
. - Aleksandar is Macedonian.
? - What is Aleksandar?
. - Jana is Macedonian.
? - What is Jana?

 . - Anna Brown is an American.

? - What is Anna Brown?
. - Aleksandar is a teacher.
? - What is Aleksandar?
. - John Smith is a journalist.
? - What is John Smith?
Note: ? is used when asking about profession, nationality etc.
- /masculine singular/ , /feminine singular/, /neuter singular/, /plural/ - Whose
. - This key is mine.
? or ? or ? - Whose key is this?
. or . - These books are mine.
? or ? - Whose books are these?

5.2 QUESTIONS WITH , , e, and

- - Why
? - Why is she late?
- - When
? - When are you coming back?
- - Where
? - Where is she going?
- - How
? - How old is she?
- - How
? - How are You?

5.3 THE AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE

The affirmative in Macedonian is expressed with the help of word (yes), for example:
? - Are You Macedonian?
, . - Yes, I am Macedonian.
? - Are they American?
, . - Yes, they are American.
? - Is he a journalist.
, . - Yes, he is a journalist.

The negative in Macedonian is expressed with the help of word (no , not), for example:
? - He is American?
, . - No, he is not merican.
? - You are a journalist?
, . - No, I am not a journalist.

5.4 VERB TENSES

The verb has three elementary tenses: present, past, future and a large variety of verb tenses
including the witnessed and nonwitnessed forms. Here are the elementary Verb tenses in the
Macedonian language:
- THE PRESENT TENSE
building: verb in 3rd person singular (present tense) + -, -, /, -, -, -
sample: - read
Singular -

Plural -

+ = - I read ; I'm reading

+ = - We read ; We are
reading

+ = - You read ; You are

reading

+= - You read ; You are

reading

- He, She, It reads ; He, She, It is

reading

+ = - They read ; They are

reading

Samples: - speak
. or . - I speak macedonian.
. - I speak Macedonian very well.
. - I am speaking about it (now).
. - You speak Macedonian very well.
. - You are speaking about it (now).
. - They speak Macedonian very well.
. - They are speaking about it (now).

- THE PAST TENSE

building: verb in 3rd person singular (present tense) + -, -, -, -, -, -

sample: - read
Singular -

Plural -

+ = - I was reading

+ = - We were reading

+ = - You were reading

+= - You were reading

+ = - He, She, It was

reading

+ = - They were reading

- THE FUTURE TENSE

building: + verb in present tense
sample: - read
Singular -

Plural -

+ = - I shall read

+ = - We shall read

+ = - You will read

+= - You will read

- He, She read ; He, She, It will

read

+ = - They will read

UNIT 6
6.1 General
! /da/ - Yes!
! /ne/ - No!
/ i / - and
/ili/ - or
/no/ - but
or /ni, nitu/ - neither; nor
! /zdrvo/ - Hello!; Hi!; Hello there!
/pzdrav/ - Regards
! /chao/ - Bye!
! /te skam/ - I love you!
! / jas te skam/ - I love you too!
! /te mlam/ - Please!
! /zvini/ - I am sorry! ; Sorry!

 ? /kko ste/ - How are you?

! /dbro/ - Very well!
! /blagdaram/ - Thank you!
? /kko se vkate/ - What is your name?
... or ... /js se vkam ; meto me e/ - My name
is ...
? /od kde ste/ - Where are you from?
.../jas sum od/ - I am from ...
? /kde dish/ - Where are you going?
? /kde e ta/ - Where is it?
.../mjot drgar/ - My friend ...
.../pochtuvan/ - Dear ...
/gspodin/ - Mr.
/gspogja/ - Mrs.
! or ! /srekjen bozhik ; chestit bozhik/ - Merry
Christmas!
! /srkjna nva gdina/ - Happy New Year!
! /srkjen rdenden/ - Happy birthday!

6.2 Family and relatives

/majka/ - mother
/tatko/ - father
! /mamo/ - mummy!
! /tato/ - daddy!
/sin/ - son
/kjerka/ - daughter
/brat/ - brother
/sestra/ - sister
/dedo/ - grandpa
/baba/ -grandma
/vnuk/ - grandson
/vnuka/ - granddaughter
/soprug/ - husband
/sopruga/ - wife
/bebe/ - baby

 /dete/ - child ; kid

/deca = detsa/ - children ; kids
/momche/ - boy ; boyfriend
/devojche/ - girl ; a little girl
/devojka/ - girl ; girlfriend
, /prijatel, drugar/ - friend
/mazh/ - man ; husband
/zhena/ - woman ; wife
/mashko/ - male
/zhensko/ - female
/chovek/ - man ; person
/lugje/ - people ; folk
/narod/ - people ; nation

6.3 City, Country

/drzhava/ -state
/grad/ - town, city
/glaven grad/ - capital
/prestolnina/ - metropolis
/selo/ - village
/granica/ - border
/pretsedatel/ - President
/republika/ - republic
/vlada/ - Government
/pat/ - path; road
/semafor/ - traffic lights
/ulica/ - street
/avenija/ - avenue
/most/ - bridge
/centar/ - center

 /prodavnica/ - store; market

/kino/ - cinema
/teatar/ - theater
/biblioteka/ - library
, /kafule, kafeana/ - caf
/uchilishte/ - school
/univerzitet/ - university
/crkva/ - church
/banka/ - bank
/poshta/ - post office
/bolnica/ - hospital
/policija/ - police
/hotel/ - hotel
/telefon/ - telephone
/pari/ - money

6.4 Geographic Terms and Natural Phenomena

/reka/ - river
/ezero/ - lake
/more/ - sea
/okean/ - ocean
/vodopad/ - waterfall
/ostrov/ - island
/poluostrov/ - peninsula
/rid/ - hill
/shuma/ - forest
/planina/ - mountain
/vrv/ - top; summit; peak
/zemja/ - land; country
/zemja/ - Earth
/planeta/ -planet
/dzvezda/ - star
/nebo/ - sky

 /oblaci/ - clouds
/veter/ - wind
/vozduh/ - air
/dozhd/ - rain
/sneg/ - snow
/mraz/ - ice
, , /vinozhito, dzunica, bozhilak/ rainbow

6.5 Food and Drink

/voda/ - water
/leb/ - bread
/meso/ - meat
/zelenchuk/ - vegetables
/ovoshje/ - fruit
/riba/ - fish
/maslo/ - oil
/kiselina/ - vinegar
/sol/ - salt
/shekjer/ - sugar
/jabolko/ - apple
/sliva/ - plum
, /piperka, chushka/ - pepper, paprika
/domat/ - tomato
/grav/ - bean
/sirenje/ - cheese
/kashkaval/ - kashkaval, yellow cheese

 /mleko/ - milk
/jogurt/ - yogurt
/sok/ - juice
/chaj/ - tea
/kafe/ - coffee
/pivo/ - beer
/rakija/ - brandy, plum-brandy
/viski/ - whisky
/vino/ - wine

6.6 Some Verbs

/sakam/ - I like; I love
/sakash/ - you like; you love - singular
/saka/ - he/she/(it) likes; he/she/(it) loves
/sakame/ - we like; we love
/sakate/ - you like; you love - plural
/sakaat/ - they like; they love
/te sakam/ - I love you
/me sakash/ - you love me - singular
? /dali me sakash/ - Do you love me?
/ja sakam/ - I love her
/go sakam/ - I love him
/ne sakam/ - I don't like; I don't love
/ne te sakam/ - I don't like you; I don't love you
/mi se dopagjash/ - I like you
/ne mi se dopagjash/ - I don't like you
? /dali ti se dopagjam/ - Do you like me?
/te mrazam/ - I hate you
/odam/ - I go; I am going
/odish/ - you go; you are going

 /odi/ - he/she/(it) goes; he/she/(it) is going

/stojam/ - I stay
/sedam/ - I sit down
/ucham/ - I study; I am studying
/pishuvam/ - I write; I am writing
/chitam/ - I read; I am reading
/zboruvam/ - I speak; I am speaking
()? (informal)
/Dali zboruvash makedonski (angliski)/ - Do you speak Macedonian
(English)?
()? (formal)
/Dali zboruvate makedonski (angliski)/ - Do you speak Macedonian
(English)?
/imam/ - I have
/imash/ - you have - singular
/ima/ - he/she/(it) has
/prashuvam/ - I ask/question; I am asking
/odgovaram/ - I answer/reply
/se vikam/ - my name is; I call myself (name)
/se vikash/ - your name is - singular
/se vika/ - his/her/(its) name is
/se vikame/ - our name is
/se vikate/ - your name is - plural
/se vikaat/ - their name is

6.7 Country names

Country name
in English
Albania
Algeria
America (USA)
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Byelorussia
Bosnia
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
China
Croatia
Cuba

Country name in
Macedonian

()

Nationality

Czech
Denmark
Egypt
England
Estonia
Europe
Finland
France
Germany
Great Britain
Greece
Hungary
India
Iraq
Iran
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kenya
Korea
Macedonia
Mexico
Morocco
Netherlands
Nigeria
Norway
Pakistan
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Scotland
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Turkey
Ukraine