ANALYSIS OF DETERMINATE

STRUCTURES FRAME

CHAPTER 4b

OUTLINE

Shear force and bending moment diagram of frame, inclined frame

and frame with hinge
Method of superposition

EXAMPLE 1
Draw shear force and bending moment diagram of the frame
P
B

L/2

L/2

Find the reactions (method similar to beam: equilibrium equations)

P
Ax

Ay

L/2

L/2

= 0;

= 0

= 0;

= 0
2

= /2
= 0;

+ = 0
= /2

Cy

Find internal reactions in each member. Ensure they are in equilibrium.

P
0

P/2
M=0

M=0
N=0

M=0
V=0

V=P/2
N=P/2

P/2

P/2

Draw SFD & BMD.

SFD
P
A

P/2
0

+P/2
0
0

P/2

P/2

P/2

- P/2
0

P/2

Draw SFD & BMD.

BMD
P
A

P/2
0

+PL/4
0
0

P/2

P/2

P/2
0

P/2

Draw SFD & BMD.

AFD
P
A

P/2
0

0
0

P/2

P/2

P/2
0

-P/2

P/2

EXAMPLE 2
Draw shear force and bending moment diagram of the frame
25 kN
4.5 m

B
1.5 m

15 kN
1.8 m
A

Find the support reactions

25 kN
4.5 m

1.5 m

Cy=5 kN

15 kN
1.8 m
A

Ay=30 kN

Cx=15 kN

Draw the FBD of each member & joint

25 kN
5

15
22.5

15
30

30

4.5 m

15

22.5
5

22.5
15

1.5 m

15 kN
1.8 m

30 kN

5 kN

15 kN

Draw the SFD & BMD

4.5 m

15

25 kN

22.5
5

15

5 kN

22.5

15
30

SFD (kN)

30
22.5
15

1.5 m

15 kN
-15

1.8 m
A

30 kN

15 kN

Draw the SFD & BMD

4.5 m

15

25 kN

15 kN

22.5
5

15

5 kN

22.5

15
30

BMD (kNm)

30
22.5
15

1.5 m

15 kN
1.8 m
A

30 kN

-22.5

-22.5

Usually these diagrams are drawn on the same graph. However, it is

up to you!

SFD (kN)

BMD (kNm)

-22.5
-22.5
-15

EXAMPLE 3
Draw the SFD & BMD of the frame
30 kN/m

80 kN

4.5 m
6m
D
A
9m

EXAMPLE 4
Draw the SFD & BMD of the frame
30 kN
12 kN/m
B
A

3m

2m

1.5 m C

1m

12 kN

2m
D

20 kNm

EXAMPLE 5
Draw the SFD & BMD of the inclined frame.
80 kN
40 kN/m

2m
A

4m

2m

3m

Draw FBD and find the support reactions.

80 kN
40 kN/m

2m
3m
120 kN

2.5 kN

4m

2m

82.5 kN

Internal forces (shear and axial force) have to be along the inclined
face of the member.
To ease calculation, transform UDL & support reactions along the
inclination.
Member A-B;

40 kN/m

BV
3
4

120 kN

2.5 kN

Distributed load on inclined member:

40 kN/m

120(3/5)
=72kN

3
4

120(4/5)
=96kN

120 kN

Repeat for the support reactions at A. The final FBD as shown:

80 kN
B

82.5 kN
A

97.5 kN

70 kN

Next, calculate INTERNAL FORCES for EACH MEMBER. Finally, draw the SFD
& BMD.

Fine the internal forces for each member. Ensure the joint is in equilibrium.

80 kN
B

97.5 kN

82.5 kN
70 kN

80 kN

Draw the SFD & BMD.

170 kNm

170 kNm

1.5 kN
2 kN
2.5 kN

82.5 kN

SFD (kN)
2

70 kN

2.5
170.1

170
82.5

70
170

SFD (kN)

BMD (kNm)

BMD (kNm)

165

Usually the diagram of each member is combined for the frame.

SFD (kN)
2.5

82.5

170
BMD (kNm)

170.1

170

165

EXAMPLE 6
Draw the SFD & BMD of the inclined frame.

3 kN/m

3m
B

3m

3m

EXAMPLE 7
Draw the SFD & BMD of the hinged frame
50 kN
1.5 m
B
4m

40 kN
2m

1.5 m
C

6m

A
D

15 kN/m

EXAMPLE 8
Draw the SFD & BMD of the hinged frame
20 kN
5m

B 2m

30 kNm A

2m
D
1m

5 kN/m

4m

METHOD OF SUPERPOSITION
On a linear elastic structure, the combined effect of several loads
acting simultaneously is equal to the algebraic sum of the effects of
each load acting individually
Assumptions:
Small deformation
Linearly elastic material

EXAMPLE
Draw the SFD & BMD using method of superposition.
5 kN/m

20 kNm

12 m

40 kNm

M
(kNm)

5 kN/m

20 kNm

12 m

40 kNm

60.3

-20

-40

5 kN/m

90

30 kN

30 kN

20 kNm

1.67 kN

1.67
kN

-20

+
40 kNm
3.33
kN

3.33
kN

-40

QUESTIONS?