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ChangestoIncorporate2LRefrigerants
PhillipJohnson,P.E.
ASHRAEMember
McQuay International
McQuayInternational
Staunton,VA
San Antonio, Texas
2012 Annual Conference
LearningObjectivesforthisSession
DescribethechangestoASHRAEStandard15thatareunderconsideration
toallowtheuseof2Lrefrigerants.
DescribethechangestoISO5149andEN378thatareunderconsideration
to allow the use of 2L refrigerants
toallowtheuseof2Lrefrigerants.
DescribethechangestoULStandardsthatareunderconsiderationtoallow
theuseof2Lrefrigerants.
Provide a comparison of the approaches being proposed in the US and the
ProvideacomparisonoftheapproachesbeingproposedintheUSandthe
EUrelativetotheapplicationofmildlyflammablerefrigerants.
ProvidewellinformedcommentsonproposedchangestoASHRAE,ISO,and
y
p
ULStandardswhentheyarecirculatedforpublicreview.
Describetherisksof2Lrefrigerantsrelativetoclass2and3refrigerants.
ASHRAEisaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems.
Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ASHRAE Records for AIA members.
CreditearnedoncompletionofthisprogramwillbereportedtoASHRAERecordsforAIAmembers.
CertificatesofCompletionfornonAIAmembersareavailableonrequest.
ThisprogramisregisteredwiththeAIA/ASHRAEforcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoes
notincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofany
materialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,ordealinginany
y
g,
g,
g,
g
y
materialorproduct.Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedat
theconclusionofthispresentation.
Seminar11
St d d D l
StandardsDevelopmentfor2LFlammableRefrigerants
t f 2L Fl
bl R f i
t
1. ASHRAEStandard15:ProposedChangesto
Incorporate2LRefrigerants
2. ISO5149,IEC60335240:ProposedChangesto
Incorporate2LRefrigerants
3. UL'sEfforttoHarmonizeProductSafety
RequirementsforA2L,A2,andA3Refrigerants
Introduction
Environmentalconsiderationsarereducingthenumberofchemicals
thatcanbeusedasrefrigerants.TheHFCswereintroducedtoreplace
ozonedepletingCFCsandHCFCs,buttheyaregreenhousegasesandare
subjecttouserestrictionsinsomecountries.Asaresulttheindustryis
evaluatingchemicalswithverylowglobalwarmingpotential.Someof
thesechemicalsaremildlyflammableandhavebeenassignedtoanew
flammabilitysafetyclassification,2L,inASHRAEStandard34.Thisseminar
providesinformationonthechangestostandardsthatspecify
requirementsfortheuseof2Lflammablerefrigerants.
Type of standards
Refrigeration Safety
Classification
y
Safetyy
System
Equipment Safety
US
ASHRAE 34
UL 2182
ASHRAE 15
UL 207
UL 250
UL 471
UL 474
UL 484
UL 984
UL 1995
UL 60335-2-34
UL 60335-2-40
Europe
International
---
ISO 817
EN 378
ISO 5149
EN 60335-2-34
EN 60335-2-40
IEC 60335-2-34
IEC 60335-2-40
What Are 2L
WhatAre
2L Refrigerants?
Refrigerants?
Asafetygroupclassification
A
safety group classification
usedbyseveralrefrigerant
designationstandards:
ASHRAEStandard342010
ISO817:201x
(draft,FDISregisteredforformalapproval,
(d
f FDIS
i
df f
l
l
willreplaceISO817:2005)
from:ASHRAEStandard342010
Flammability Classifications
FlammabilityClassifications
from:ASHRAEStandard342010
Subclass
2L
Class 2
Class2
Class3
Heato
ofCombustion
(kJ/kg)
19000
Low
werFlammabiliityLimit
(kg/m)
0.1
What Are 2L
WhatAre
2L Refrigerants?
Refrigerants?
Exhibit
Exhibitflame
flame
propagationwhen
testedat60C
LFL>0.10kg/m
HOC<19000kJ/kgg
SU 0.1m/s
0.1
MaximumBurningVelocity
(m/s)
Current 2L
Current
2L Refrigerants
Refrigerants
PerASHRAE34
Per ASHRAE 342010
2010,Addendumh,Addendumi:
Addendum h Addendum i:
A2L
B2L
R32
R717
R143a
R 1234yf
R1234yf
R1234ze(E)
Futurepossibilityofblends(R4xxorR5xx)or
othersinglecomponentrefrigerants.
Brief History of 2L
BriefHistoryof2L
Initiated
InitiatedbyISO817(firstproposalstarted1999)
by ISO 817 (first proposal started 1999)
RemovedfromfinaldraftofISO817:2005(insufficient
consensusatthattime))
ContinuedtodevelopwithinISO(817and5149)and
ASHRAE
ASHRAE342007Addendumak (2009publicreview,published2010)
ASHRAE342010includedSubclass2L
ASHRAE342010Addendahandi establishedfive2Lrefrigerants
ISOFDIS817:201xwillincludeSubclass2L(tobe
published 2012 or 2013)
published2012or2013)
Probabilityofaneventoccurring:
refrigerantleakorreleaseintoair:LFL UFL,LOC(range
Fuel:
offlammablelimits);sizeofflammablevolumeorregion
Oxidant:
thatmaychangesizeandlocationversustime
Ignitionsources:presence,quantity,energylevel(MIE,AIT);maybe
electricorthermal
l ti
th
l
Severityofaneventwhenitoccurs:
Energyrelease:
Energy release:
Quantity:HOC
Rate:SU (chemicalreactionrate);LEL UEL(rangeof
explosion limits)
explosionlimits)
Pressurerise
Increasing
probabilit of a
probabilityofa
combustionevent
Subclass
2L
Class 2
Class2
Heato
ofCombustion
(kJ/kg)
19000
Low
werFlammabiliityLimit
(kg/m)
0.1
Class3
0.1
MaximumBurningVelocity
(m/s)
Increasing
severityofa
combustion event
combustionevent
SSPC15nowworkingtodeterminewhatcanbe
relaxedtosafelyallowmorebroaduseof2L
l dt
f l ll
b d
f 2L
refrigerants
SSPC15notformallyadheringtoGuide51,but
takingasimilarapproach
ASHRAEStandard15Overview BasisofStandard
RefrigerantSafetyClassification
Class1Nonflammable
ClassALowerToxicity
Class2LowerFlammability
ClassBHigherToxicity
Class3HigherFlammability
OccupancyClassification
Institutional
Largemercantile
Publicassembly
Industrial
Residential
Mixed
Commercial
RefrigeratingSystemClassification
Direct
Highprobability
Indirect(openorclosed)
LowProbability
InstallationRestrictions
DesignandConstructionofEquipment&Systems
OperationandTesting
mustaddresseach
possiblecombination
ofclassifications
Risk Management
RiskManagement
Riskassessment
Risk assessment
Quantitativeanalysisbecomesveryspecificto
each application each scenario each equipment
eachapplication,eachscenario,eachequipment
type
SSPC
SSPC15hasreviewedquantitative
15 has reviewed quantitative
flammabilitytestdataandsomeCFD
modeling but has taken more of a qualitative
modeling,buthastakenmoreofaqualitative
approachtoriskassessment
Complexityduetothescopeofthestandard
Complexity due to the scope of the standard
Safety Factor
SafetyFactor
RCL=min(ATEL,ODL,FCL)
FCL
FCL =25%
25% LFL
Refrigerant
RCLSource
R32
FCL
R143a
FCL
R717
ATEL
R1234yf
R
1234yf
FCL
R1234ze(E)
FCL
SafetyFactor=4relativetoLFL(margintolimit)
Standard15methodologyassumescatastrophic
releaseoflargestrefrigerantcircuitintoavailable
volume of occupied space with instantaneous
volumeofoccupiedspacewithinstantaneous
mixing
Doesnotdirectlyconsiderflammablevolume
y
versustimeorleakrate,soeventprobabilityis
notzero
Standard 15 Approach to 2L
Standard15Approachto2L
Standard 152010
Standard15
2010Addenduma
Addendum a
SSPC15issuedadraftofrevisionstoobtain
commentsandfeedback
t
d f db k
SSPC15nowworkingtoaddressseveralissues
UpcomingslideswillshowselectionsfromtheAPR,
Upcoming slides will show selections from the APR
butnotmorerecentrevisionsnowinprocess
Standard152010
ingeneral,itisveryrestrictive
includes2L,because2Lis
subclassofclass2
thisexceptionallows
thi
ti
ll
smallselfcontained
systems,withsome
restrictionsonwhereit
maybelocated,seenext
page
Class2&3Restrictions
ingeneral,itisveryrestrictive
socurrentrevisionallowsuseofA2orA2Lrefrigerants
inselfcontainedsystemswithlessthan3kgor10kg,
dependingonlocationinthebuildinganddepending
p
g
g
p
g
ontheoccupancy(usage)ofthebuilding
seenextpagefordefinitionsofvariousoccupancies
butthismeanssplitsystemsaregenerallynotallowed
duetofieldinstalledrefrigeranttubing/piping,with
exceptionforuseofcompanionorblockvalves
OccupancyDefinitions
whereA2orA2Liscurrentlyallowed
y
ornotallowed
insomeformorfashion(i.e.withrestrictions)
(Class3ismuchmorerestricted)
Class3Restrictions
ingeneral,itisveryrestrictive
intentistoallowA1and
A2Lforhumancomfort,
with restrictions as shown
withrestrictionsasshown
onnextpage
Additional Issues
AdditionalIssues
changingStandard15is
onlythefirststep,next
stepischangingmodel
t i h
i
d l
buildingcodes,afterthat
nextstepisstateandlocal
p
codesmustadoptmodel
codesand/orStandard15
withoutchangestoULstandards(suchas
UL1995,UL984,UL60335234,pending
draftUL60335240,etc.),toclearlyidentify
eq ipment design req irements for lass 2L
equipmentdesignrequirementsforclass2L
fluids,itwillbedifficulttoreceiveproduct
safetylistingfromULorETL,withoutlisting
labelontheequipmentitisdifficultto
persuadethelocalcodeofficialtoallowthe
installation
InstitutionalOccupancyIssues
buildingswithinstitutionaloccupancy
aregenerallyplaceswherepeople
haverestrictedabilitytomoveby
themselves,thuspreventingthem
fromescapingincaseofemergency
becauseofincreasedriskfor
prolongedexposure,intheeventofa
refrigerantrelease,therefrigerant
chargequantitylimitsforinstitutional
h
i li i f i i i
l
occupancyisreducedtohalfthe
normallimit
sosection7.2.1isanexceptionto
7.5.1.1,andthisexceptionmakesit
morerestrictiveforinstitutional
occ panc (total from 500kg to 250kg
occupancy(totalfrom500kgto250kg,
andfrom100%RCLto50%RCL)
Timeline
SSPC15Activities
SSPC 15 Activities
21-Jun-2009
2009 ~ 2011
29-Aug-2011
22-Jan-2012
Feb~Apr 2012
24-Jun-2012
To Be Determined
Change Cycles
ChangeCycles
Standard152010isContinuousMaintenance
anyonecansubmitchangeproposalsatanytime,
SSPC15 committee reviews and can modify
SSPC15committeereviewsandcanmodify,
accept,orreject
consensusbasedwithapublicreviewprocess
addendapublishedoncontinuousbasis
dd d
bli h d
ti
b i
every3yearspublishanupdatededition,
y y
p
p
,
includingalladdendaapprovedsincetheprior
edition
Standard 152010
Standard15
2010
ttheStandardisreferencedby,oradoptedin
e Sta da d s e e e ced by, o adopted
part/whole,orcopiedintovariousbuildingcodes
Nationalmodelbuildingcodesthatarethen
adoptedbyindividualjurisdictions,suchas:
d t d b i di id l j i di ti
h
InternationalMechanicalCode(IMC)
InternationalFireCode
(IFC)
UniformMechanicalCode
Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC)
( UMC )
developedbyICC
de eloped b IAPMO
developedbyIAPMO
Statebuildingcodes
Localbuildingcodes,whereapplicable
M
Modelbuildingcodesarepublishedonceevery
d l b ildi
d
bli h d
threeyears,followingafixedprocessduringeach
code change cycle
codechangecycle
ICC=InternationalCodeCouncil
IAPMO=InternationalAssociationofPlumbingandMechanicalOfficials
Cycle 2
Cycle2
Cycle 3
Cycle3
Cycle 4
Cycle4
future ?
future?
future ?
future?
Std15
IMC
UMC
IFC
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Codechangecycleforthe2015editionstarted
deadlinesforchangeproposalsubmission
d dli
f
h
l b i i
IMC
3Jan2012
IFC
3Jan2013
UMC
3Jan2013
DuetorevisedprocessbyICC,ASHRAEisnotcorrectlysynchronized
p
y
,
y y
withICCschedule.ASHRAECISconsideringhowtorespond.
39
Bibliography
ANSI/ASHRAEStandard152010,SafetyStandardfor
RefrigerationSystems,AmericanSocietyofHeating,
f
f
RefrigeratingandAirConditioningEngineers,Inc.,Atlanta,GA
30329.
ANSI/ASHRAEStandard342010,DesignationandSafety
ANSI/ASHRAE St d d 34 2010 D i
ti
dS f t
ClassificationofRefrigerants,AmericanSocietyofHeating,
RefrigeratingandAirConditioningEngineers,Inc.,Atlanta,GA
30329.
30329
ISO/IECGuide51:1999,Safetyaspects Guidelinesfortheir
inclusioninstandards.
ISOGuide73:2009,Riskmanagement
ISO Guide 73:2009 Risk management Vocabulary.
Vocabulary
ISODIS817,Refrigerants Designationandsafety
classification,InternationalOrganizationforStandardization,
2010.
2010
Q
Questions?
i ?
PhillipJohnson
phillip.johnson@daikinmcquay.com
h ll
h
d k