SPRING 2015 EE162A PROJECT

DATE:
DUE DATE:
SUBJECT:

MAY 27, 2015

2:00 PM, Monday JUNE 8, 2015
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LINKS AND ANTENNAS
EE162A
INSTRUCTOR: Prof. Yahya Rahmat-Samii
TA:
Joshua Kovitz

Project Title: Development and Comparison of Yagi-Uda and Planar Patch-Array

Antennas

Array Design Part 1: 13 dBi Arrays

The goal of this project will be to familiarize yourself with the design process for Yagi-Uda and
patch- array antennas. The first part of the project is to design a Yagi-Uda antenna and the
second part is to design a patch-array antenna with the following requirements:
Polarization: Vertical linear polarization
Frequency: 1GHz
Gain>13 dBi (10.85 dBd)
Size: as small as possible!
Patch-Array ONLY: Assume 1 dB loss in your beamforming network before the antenna
(you can treat this like conductor losses)
Required Steps for Designing
Yagi-Uda Antenna
Use the same procedure shown in Example 6-1 of the 3rd edition (Example 5-1 in the 2nd
edition) where you start by designing the boom length using Table 6-3 in the 3rd edition
(Table 5-4 in 2nd edition).
Use the design curves in Fig. 6-25 of the 3rd edition (Fig. 5-37 in the second edition) to
determine the length for your chosen diameter of elements. Note that you choose the element
diameter based on how you would build the Yagi-Uda antenna. Are you going to use coathangars or copper pipe to make the reflector and director elements? Whatever material you
choose to use, you must list what diameter you are using and make sure that it is reasonable.
We have attached a large version of Fig. 6-25 at the end of the document so that you can
print it out and draw on the plot.
Adjust your lengths for a metallic supporting boom if necessary.
Compute the radiation patterns assuming that the driven, reflector, and director elements
have magnitudes of 1, 0.8, and 0.2, respectively, and that each element radiates similarly to a
/2 dipole. The progressive phase between each director can be assumed to equal ,
where is the distance between director elements, as shown in the Fig. 1. The phase on the
reflector can be assumed to be relative to the driven element, where is the distance
from the reflector to the driven element.

(a)
(b)
Fig. 1. Geometries of the two antennas being designed in the project. (a) Yagi-Uda antenna of
linear dipole antenna elements. (b) Patch-array antenna.
Patch-Array Antenna
Determine substrate for use in the patch design (you can find some possible substrates with
their dielectric constants at http://www.rogerscorp.com/ under Printed Circuit Materials).
Choose a thickness that available for that substrate (make sure to convert it to mm).
Determine rectangular patch element geometry based on dielectric constant of the substrate
in terms of its width, length, and feed position (assuming 50 ohm line)
Use far-field approximation formula to calculate the element pattern (Hint: the formula in
equation 11-5 of the 3rd edition or equation 5-73a of the 2nd edition corresponds to the
coordinate system of Fig. 1(b), where x-axis is along the length L of the patch antenna)
Determine the element spacing and number of elements for a square array configuration with
equal distances between elements in the x and y directions, i.e. =
- A minimum of ~0.2 (free space ) clearance is needed between the edges of two adjacent
patch elements.
Determine the element phase and amplitudes for meeting the required directivity.
Plot the final array radiation pattern including the array and element factor.

Patch-Array Design Part 2: Circularly-Polarized Arrays (Graduate Students

Only)
To give things a twist, we want also to design the same patch-array antenna that was developed
under Part 1 to make a circularly polarized array. This can be accomplished by using multiple
probes to excite the patch with the proper excitation. The final array must satisfy the following
requirements:
Polarization: RHCP
Frequency: 1GHz
Gain>13 dBi
Size: as small as possible!
Assume 1 dB loss in your overall beamforming network
Some Guidelines
Using the same substrate used in Part 1, design a circularly-polarized patch antenna by
applying multiple probes. Make sure to denote the phase and amplitude excitations of the two
probes. Hint: you can assume zero interactions between the two probes.

Determine the element spacing and number of elements for a square array configuration with
equal distances between elements in the x and y directions, i.e. =
- A minimum of ~0.2 (free space wavelength) clearance is needed between the edges of two
adjacent patch elements.
Determine the element phase and amplitudes for meeting the required directivity.
Plot the radiation patterns of the CP element. With the CP element patterns known, plot the
radiation pattern of the array by using the array factor.
Compute the directivity numerically to demonstrate that this antenna meets the requirements.

Project report requirements:

Use attached two-column IEEE template for your report. Make sure to put your names on the
author list. The outline shown in the attached IEEE template should be used to write your final
report. If you do not use this format then points will be taken off.
Other Required Files
The Matlab files used to generate the report. All files should be written with enough comments.
Teaming requirements:
Maximum TWO undergrad students can form a team working on the matlab coding. Each group
need only submit one report. Please indicate your team member's name in the final report. No
teaming for the Graduate students.

Submission:
The project is to be submitted electronically in pdf format via email. The email should be sent to
both Prof. Rahmat-Samii and Joshua Kovitz at rahmat@ee.ucla.edu and jmkovitz@ucla.edu.
You MUST send the email using the following subject line:
EE162A: Project Report for XX
where XX is replaced with the last names of the students in the group. Please do not put student
id numbers within the email or subject lines. The submission must be received by the
Due date and time: No later than Monday June 8, 2015 at 2pm PST.
Grade:
The project is 10% of your overall course grade.
PS: It is assumed that you will work out the problem to your best ability. Reference any sources
that you use.