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dure
Xrays
Description
A beam of x-rays is
directed through the
patient. Bone and
different tissue types
allow the x-rays to
pass through to
varying degrees. An
image is formed on a
photographic plate as
a series of shadows.
Bones absorb more xrays than soft tissues.
On radiograms, bones
show up at white
against a darker
background.
CT
A series of x-ray beams
scan is directed through the
patient from various
angles in a plane.
Computers take the
information and build-
Advantages
Disadvantages
Why use it
- Relatively simple to
use
- Cheapest imaging
technique
- Lots of simple x-ray
machines available
- Shows structure but
not the function of
the organ being
scanned
- Resolution much
better than
conventional x-rays
- Creates a crosssectional image of
the viewed organ
- 3D images can be
up a picture of a slice
generated
of the particular organ. This can be displayed
on a TV screen or on a
photographic plate.
PET
MRI
Radiopharmaceutical is
injected/ingested/inhal
ed. Radioisotope emits
positrons, which
annihilate with
electrons in the patient
and emit gamma rays
which are detected by
a camera.
The patient is placed in
a strong magnetic
field, which tends to
align some of the
atomic magnets in
the molecules. Pulses
of radio frequency (RF)
electromagnetic waves
evaluating
stroke
- Technique of
choice for
imaging the
brain and
CNS
- Non-invasive, low
discomfort, no
ionising radiation
- safest
- Higher frequency
ultrasound produces
images with better
resolution, but has
poorer penetration
through tissues
- Relatively cheap and
- Cannot be used on
bones
- Cannot be used to see
structures surrounded by
bone or air eg. In lungs,
brain
- Harder to interpret than
an x-ray image
- Difficult to produce clear
images in obese patients
- Soft tissues
and organs
- Foetal
development
- Doppler
(flow
movement)
- Bone density
- 2D, 3D, 4D
End
ocsc
opy
quick
Endoscopes are
- clear colour
thousands of coherent
images of inside
bundles of optical
the patient with
fibres that allow the
only a small
doctor to see inside a
incision. This
patient. Making the
greatly decreases
orientation of the fibres
the recovery
is the same throughout
time.
the length of the
- Minimally
endoscope.
invasive
- Real time images
in true colour.
- Diagnose
tumours,
ulcers,
damaged
cartilage and
ligaments,
view lungs,
ears,
reproductive
organs
- biopsy