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V100R001C10
Product Description
Issue
01
Date
2013-11-30
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Website:
http://www.huawei.com
Email:
support@huawei.com
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Version
V100R001C10
iManager U2000
V200R001C00
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
l
Familiarity with the basic knowledge related to digital microwave communication technology
will help you apply the information in this document.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol
Description
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
ii
Symbol
Description
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, may result in minor or
moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation
which, if not avoided, could result in
equipment damage, data loss, performance
deterioration, or unanticipated results.
NOTICE is used to address practices not
related to personal injury.
Calls attention to important information, best
practices and tips.
NOTE is used to address information not
related to personal injury, equipment damage,
and environment deterioration.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention
Description
Boldface
Italic
Courier New
Change History
Changes between document issues are cumulative. The latest document issue contains all the
changes made in earlier issues.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
iii
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
This issue is the first release for the product version V100R001C10.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
iv
Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii
1 Product Introduction.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Network Positioning.......................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Basic Features.................................................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Site Configurations.........................................................................................................................................................5
1.3.1 1+0 Sites......................................................................................................................................................................5
1.3.2 2+0 Sites......................................................................................................................................................................6
1.3.3 1+1 Sites......................................................................................................................................................................8
1.3.4 Multi-direction Sites..................................................................................................................................................10
3 Product Structure.........................................................................................................................35
3.1 System Architecture.....................................................................................................................................................36
3.2 Service Signal Processing Flow...................................................................................................................................38
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Contents
6 Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................63
6.1 RF Performance............................................................................................................................................................64
6.1.1 Radio Working Mode................................................................................................................................................64
6.1.2 Frequency Bands.......................................................................................................................................................65
6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity...................................................................................................................................................65
6.1.4 Distortion Sensitivity.................................................................................................................................................66
6.1.5 Transceiver Performance...........................................................................................................................................67
6.1.6 Channel Configuration..............................................................................................................................................68
6.1.7 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem.........................................................................................69
6.2 Predicted Reliability.....................................................................................................................................................69
6.2.1 Predicted Equipment Reliability................................................................................................................................69
6.2.2 Predicted Link Reliability..........................................................................................................................................70
6.3 Ethernet Port Performance............................................................................................................................................70
6.4 CPRI Port Performance................................................................................................................................................71
6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance........................................................................................................72
6.6 Integrated System Performance....................................................................................................................................73
7 Accessories....................................................................................................................................75
7.1 Indoor Power Injector...................................................................................................................................................76
7.1.1 Functions and Features..............................................................................................................................................76
7.1.2 Ports and Indicators...................................................................................................................................................77
7.1.3 PI Labels....................................................................................................................................................................81
7.1.4 Technical Specifications............................................................................................................................................83
7.2 Outdoor Power Injector................................................................................................................................................85
7.2.1 Functions and Features..............................................................................................................................................85
7.2.2 Ports and Indicators...................................................................................................................................................85
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Contents
7.2.3 PI Labels....................................................................................................................................................................90
7.2.4 Technical Specifications............................................................................................................................................93
7.3 Optical Splitter..............................................................................................................................................................94
7.3.1 Functions and Features..............................................................................................................................................95
7.3.2 Ports...........................................................................................................................................................................95
7.3.3 Labels.........................................................................................................................................................................99
7.3.4 Technical Specifications..........................................................................................................................................100
7.4 Hybrid Coupler...........................................................................................................................................................100
7.4.1 Types.......................................................................................................................................................................100
7.4.2 Functions and Features............................................................................................................................................101
7.4.3 Ports.........................................................................................................................................................................101
7.4.4 Labels.......................................................................................................................................................................102
7.4.5 Technical Specifications..........................................................................................................................................104
7.5 Antennas.....................................................................................................................................................................105
7.5.1 Types.......................................................................................................................................................................105
7.5.2 Functions and Features............................................................................................................................................106
7.5.3 Working Principles..................................................................................................................................................106
7.5.4 Antenna Diameters..................................................................................................................................................107
7.5.5 Technical Specifications..........................................................................................................................................107
7.6 USB Flash Drives.......................................................................................................................................................108
8 Cables...........................................................................................................................................110
8.1 OptiX RTN 380 Power Cables...................................................................................................................................111
8.2 PI Power Cables..........................................................................................................................................................111
8.3 P&E Cables.................................................................................................................................................................113
8.4 OptiX RTN 380 PGND Cables..................................................................................................................................115
8.5 PI PGND Cables.........................................................................................................................................................116
8.6 RSSI Cables................................................................................................................................................................116
8.7 Optical Fibers.............................................................................................................................................................117
8.8 Outdoor Network Cables............................................................................................................................................118
A Appendix....................................................................................................................................122
A.1 Port Loopbacks..........................................................................................................................................................123
A.2 Photographs of Parts and Cables...............................................................................................................................123
A.3 Compliance Standards...............................................................................................................................................133
A.3.1 ITU-R Standards.....................................................................................................................................................133
A.3.2 ITU-T Standards.....................................................................................................................................................135
A.3.3 ETSI Standards.......................................................................................................................................................136
A.3.4 CEPT Standards......................................................................................................................................................139
A.3.5 IEC Standards.........................................................................................................................................................139
A.3.6 IETF Standards.......................................................................................................................................................141
A.3.7 IEEE Standards.......................................................................................................................................................142
A.3.8 Other Standards......................................................................................................................................................142
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Contents
B Glossary......................................................................................................................................145
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viii
1 Product Introduction
Product Introduction
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
1 Product Introduction
The OptiX RTN 380 operates at 71-76 GHz or 81-86 GHz frequency bands. It features
large capacity, low inter-site interference, and rich frequency spectrum resources, as
compared with radio equipment that operates at 6-42 GHz frequency bands. Therefore,
OptiX RTN 380s can form a backhaul network for base stations densely deployed in a city
and provide large-capacity backhaul links for aggregation sites. In addition, the OptiX RTN
380 can provide high-bandwidth microwave links for transmitting Ethernet services on a
metro optical Ethernet in areas where optical fibers are difficult to lay out.
As compact full outdoor radio equipment, the OptiX RTN 380 integrates all functions in a
chassis and does not need an extra installation site. Therefore, it allows carriers to construct
and operate networks at lower costs than traditional split radio equipment.
On a mobile communications network, OptiX RTN 380s are mainly used to:
l
Provide large-capacity backhaul microwave links for 3G/LTE base stations especially those
that are densely deployed in urban areas. See Figure 1-1.
Provide large-capacity aggregation links for 3G/LTE base stations and implement multidirection aggregation when working with OptiX RTN 900s. See Figure 1-2.
Provide microwave links between BBUs and RRUs in a distributed base station system to
transmit CPRI signals to achieve longer transmission of RRUs. See Figure 1-3.
RNC
Regional Backhaul Network
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1 Product Introduction
1+1
cascading
cable
1+1
BSC
1+1
cascading
cable
Regional Backhaul
Network
RNC
Radio chains
and/or radio
sub-rings
Figure 1-3 RTN 380Longer transmission solution replacing optical fibers between BBUs and
RRUs
RRU
BBU
CPRI link
1 Product Introduction
Front side
Rear side
Description
Dimensions (H x W x D)
265 mm x 265 mm x 80 mm
Service ports
RF configuration modes
l 1+0 configuration
l 2+0 configuration
l 1+1 configuration
l Multi-direction configuration
NOTE
l In 1+1 or 2+0 mode, two OptiX RTN 380s are
required for each site.
l In multi-direction mode, multiple OptiX RTN
380s are cascaded or network with OptiX RTN
900s.
l The 1+1 mode is not supported when CPRI
services need to be transparently transmitted.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
1 Product Introduction
GE
P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
PWR
Fiber
To NodeB
To a power injector
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
1 Product Introduction
Figure 1-6 Typical configurations at a 1+0 site for transmitting CPRI services (direct mounting)
GE
P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
PWR
Fiber
To BBU or RRU
P&E
cable
To a dock
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
1 Product Introduction
Figure 1-7 Typical configurations at a 2+0 site for transmitting Ethernet services (direct
mounting)
2
1
3
Hybrid coupler
GE
P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
PWR
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P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
PWR
Fiber
Fiber
GE service
GE
To a power
injector
GE service To a power
injector
1 Product Introduction
NOTE
For CPRI services, two RTN 380s each receive/transmit one channel of CPRI services through the COMBO
port.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
1 Product Introduction
Figure 1-8 Typical configuration for a 1+1 site (only OptiX RTN 380s)
2
1
1
3
Hybrid coupler
GE
P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
PWR
GE
P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
PWR
P&E cable
To a power
injector
To a power
injector
Outdoor fiber
access terminal
To GE service
equipment
1+1 Site Consisting of OptiX RTN 380s and an OptiX RTN 900 IDU
Two OptiX RTN 380s can work with an OptiX RTN 900 IDU or an LACP-supporting UNI-side
device to implement 1+1 protection. The main and standby OptiX RTN 380s exchange 1+1
protection protocol packets using a 1+1 cascade cable. When working with an OptiX RTN 900
IDU, the OptiX RTN 380s can connect to the power-over-Ethernet ports of an EG4P board on
the IDU using P&E cables, which carry both power signals and Ethernet service signals. See
Figure 1-9.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
1 Product Introduction
Figure 1-9 Typical configuration for a 1+1 site (OptiX RTN 380s working with an OptiX RTN
900 IDU)
2
1
1
3
Hybrid Coupler
GE
P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
GE
PWR
P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
PWR
3/P1
4/P1
3/P1
STAT
SRV
L/A1
L/A2
L/A3
L/A4
P1
P2
EG4P
OUT2/IN2 1
STAT
SRV
L/A1
L/A2
L/A3
L/A4
P1
P2
OUT1/IN1
EG4P
STAT
SRV
L/A1
L/A2
L/A3
L/A4
P1
P2
EG4P
P&E cable
OUT1/IN1
OUT1/IN1
OUT2/IN21
3/P1
4/P1
OUT2/IN21
3/P1
4/P1
4/P2
3/P1
4/P2
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1 Product Introduction
P&E
GE
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
GE
PWR
P&E
COMBO
USB/RSSI/NMS
PWR
Fiber
P&E cable
To a power
injector
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
P&E cable
To a power
injector
11
1 Product Introduction
NOTE
For CPRI services, two RTN 380s each receive/transmit one channel of CPRI services through the COMBO
port.
When multiple OptiX RTN 380s work with an OptiX RTN 900 IDU to form a multi-direction
site, the maximum number of radio directions is equal to the number supported by the IDU.
During installation, an OptiX RTN 380 can connect to the power-over-Ethernet port of an EG4P
board using a P&E cable, which carries both power signals and Ethernet service signals.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
12
1 Product Introduction
Figure 1-11 Typical configurations at a multi-direction site (OptiX RTN 380s working with
RTN 900)
P&E
4/P1
STA
TSR
L/A
V
1
L/A2
L/A
L/
3
A4
P1
P2
3/P1
OUT1/IN
1
ST
SR
AT
L/A
V
1
L/A2
L/A
L/
3
A4
P1
P2
EG4
P
P&E cable
EG4
P
STA
TSR
L/A
V
1
L/A2
L/A
L/
3
A4
P1
P2
EG4P
OUT2/IN 1
2
OUT1/IN1
3/P1 4/P2
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
P&E
P&E
P&E cable
OUT1/I
N1
P&E cable
OUT2/I 1
N2
3/P1
4/P1
OUT2/IN1
2
3/P1
4/P1
4/P2
3/P1
13
14
OptiX RTN 380 provides protection schemes for microwave links and Ethernet networks.
2.10 Network Management
OptiX RTN 380 supports multiple network management modes and provides comprehensive
management information exchange solutions.
2.11 Zero Footprint Installation
OptiX RTN 380 supports zero footprint installation.
2.12 Configuration-Free Deployment
OptiX RTN 380 can be quickly deployed and commissioned using a USB flash drive.
2.13 Easy Maintenance
OptiX RTN 380 adopts easy-to-manage and easy-to-maintain architectures in hardware and
software design, and provides a variety of maintenance methods.
2.14 Security Management
OptiX RTN 380 works with its network management system (NMS) to prevent unauthorized
logins and operations, ensuring equipment management security.
2.15 Energy Saving
OptiX RTN 380 reduces the amount of energy consumed by using:
2.16 Environmental Protection
OptiX RTN 380 is designed to meet or exceed environmental protection requirements. The
product complies with restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) and waste from electrical and
electronic equipment (WEEE) directives.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
15
2.1 Capacities
This section provides the air interface capacity and Ethernet service switching capacity of OptiX
RTN 380.
When transmitting CPRI services, OptiX RTN 380 supports one channel of 1.25 Gbit/s or
2.5 Gbit/s CPRI services.
When transmitting Ethernet services, OptiX RTN 380 supports approximately 2.5 Gbit/s
throughput at most.
OptiX RTN 380 supports Ethernet frame header compression at air interfaces. It can increase
air-interface capacity when the equipment uses a low-order modulation scheme or when the
channel spacing is 250 MHz.
NOTE
6.1.1 Radio Working Mode provides air interface capacities in various working modes.
2.2 AMAC
Adaptive modulation and adaptive channel space (AMAC) is a technology that automatically
adjusts the working mode based on channel quality. AMAC includes the AM and AC functions.
AM
When AM technology is enabled and the same channel spacing is used, the radio service
bandwidth varies according to the modulation scheme. The higher the modulation efficiency,
the higher the bandwidth of the transmitted services. With quality of service (QoS) technology,
packet services are groomed to queues with different priorities. Services in different queues are
then transmitted to the microwave port after the queue-scheduling algorithm has been run. Under
all channel conditions, the service capacity varies according to the modulation scheme.
l
When conditions for channel quality are favorable good (such as on sunny days), the
equipment uses a higher-order modulation scheme to transmit more user services. This
improves transmission efficiency and spectrum utilization of the system.
When conditions for channel quality are unfavorable (such as on stormy or foggy days),
the equipment uses a lower-order modulation scheme to ensure that higher-priority services
are transmitted first. If some lower-priority queues become congested due to a lack of
available bandwidth, some or all interfaces in these queues are discarded. This method
improves the anti-interference capabilities of a microwave link and ensures link availability
for high-priority services.
The AM technology used by the OptiX RTN 380 has the following features:
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
16
Uses QPSK Strong, QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM modulation schemes. Compared
with QPSK, QPSK Strong, using different parameters in forward error correction (FEC)
coding, has stronger error correction capability, and therefore has better receiver sensitivity.
It has, however, less air interface bandwidth.
Can configure both the lowest-order modulation scheme (also called reference scheme or
modulation scheme of guaranteed AM capacity) and the highest-order modulation scheme
(also called nominal scheme or modulation scheme of full AM capacity).
Can switch modulation schemes without changing the transmit frequency, receive
frequency, or channel spacing.
AC
AC is the enhancement of AM. If the lowest-order modulation scheme is set to QPSK Strong,
the AM function downshifts the modulation scheme to QPSK Strong when channel quality
deteriorates. Then, the AC function downshifts the channel spacing. The equipment uses the
available bandwidth to transmit high-priority services, reducing the impact of channel quality
deterioration on service signals.
l
Channel spacing shifting is supported only when the modulation scheme downshifts to the
lowest-order modulation scheme QPSK Strong.
When conditions for channel quality are unfavorable (such as on stormy or foggy days),
the equipment downshifts the channel spacing, which reduces the impact of channel quality
deterioration on service signals.
AC features hitless shifting. When the channel spacing is downshifted, low-priority services
are discarded while high-priority services are not affected. Shifting is successful even when
100 dB/s channel fading occurs.
AMAC Diagram
Figure 2-1 shows the step-by-step shifting of the modulation scheme and channel spacing caused
by weather changes and the impact of the shifting on service throughput and reliability.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
17
64
QAM
32
QAM
16
QAM
QPSK
QPSK
Strong
QPSK
Strong
QPSK
Strong
AC
AM
@500M
QPSK
16
QAM
32
QAM
64
QAM
AM
@500M
@250M
Receive Signal
Availability
64 QAM
99.92%
32 QAM
99.96%
16 QAM
16 QAM Strong
99.99%
Low-priority
service
Low-priority
service
QPSK
99.995%
99.998%
High-priority
service
QPSk Strong
99.999%
Time
If the RSL is 2 dB or more than 2 dB less than the value halfway between the upper and
lower ATPC thresholds, the receiver instructs the transmitter to increase transmit power so
that the RSL does not deviate more than 2 dB from the halfway value.
If the RSL is 2 dB or more than 2 dB greater than the value halfway between the upper and
lower ATPC thresholds, the receiver instructs the transmitter to reduce transmit power so
that the RSL does not deviate more than 2 dB from the halfway value.
Figure 2-2 shows the relationship between the RSL and the transmit signal level (TSL).
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
18
TSL
Up-fading
Value halfway
between the ATPC
upper and lower
thresholds
2dB
RSL
2dB
Down-fading
One PI can power only one OptiX RTN 380. See Figure 2-3.
Figure 2-3 Working with a PI
P&E port
P&E port
Power
injector
Injecting
-48 V
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
GE signal
19
NOTE
Besides power signals, network management signals can also be carried on the P&E cable that
connects an OptiX RTN 380 to a PI, eliminating the need to climb up the tower for maintenance.
An OptiX RTN 380 can work with the EG4P board, which supports power over Ethernet,
on an OptiX RTN 900 IDU. An EG4P board can power a maximum of two OptiX RTN
380s. See Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4 Working with the OptiX RTN 900
P&E port
P&E port
GE and -48 V
signal
EG4P
CSHx
OptiX RTN 900 IDU
Description
Service port
Port attribute
l The GE electrical port supports 10M fullduplex, 100M full-duplex, 1000M fullduplex, and auto-negotiation.
l The GE optical port supports 1000M fullduplex and auto-negotiation.
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20
Item
Description
VLAN
QinQ
MAC address
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QoS
Traffic control
21
Item
Description
ETH OAM
Synchronous Ethernet
Supported.
NOTE
l OptiX RTN 380 supports a maximum of 64 E-Line services. The supported E-Line services fall into the
following types:
l Port-based E-Line services
l Port+VLAN-based E-Line services
l Port+QinQ-based E-Line services
l OptiX RTN 380 supports only one E-LAN service. The supported E-LAN services fall into the following
types:
l IEEE 802.1D bridge-based E-LAN services
l IEEE 802.1Q bridge-based E-LAN services
2.6 QoS
OptiX RTN 380 supports quality of service (QoS), including traffic classification, traffic
policing, queue scheduling, and traffic shaping.
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Egress
Queue traffic
shaping
Congestion
avoidance
Complex traffic
classification
Traffic
monitoring
Flow
... ...
DiffServ
... ...
Simple traffic
classification
Queue scheduling
Buffer queue
Threshold
Forwarding
Port shaping
...
... ...
Mapping
CAR
CoS x
...
CoS z
Token
bucket
Drop
Scheduling
...
Token
bucket
QoS Features
Table 2-2 QoS features
Feature
Performance
Traffic policing
Congestion avoidance
Queue scheduling
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23
Feature
Performance
Traffic shaping
2.7 CPRI
OptiX RTN 380 supports transparent transmission of common public radio interface (CPRI)
services.
OptiX RTN 380 can substitute for optical fibers to transmit CPRI services between the baseband
control unit (BBU) and remote radio units (RRUs) in a distributed base station system, as shown
in Figure 2-6.
Figure 2-6 Replacement of optical fibers to transmit CPRI services between the BBU and remote
RRUs
RRU
BBU
CPRI link
The COMBO port functions as a CPRI port and transmits only CPRI services.
The transmission rate 1.25 Gbit/s is supported in 16QAM/500MHz working mode, and the
transmission rate 2.5 Gbit/s is supported in 64QAM/500MHz working mode.
NOTE
The accurate CPRI service transmission rate is 1.2288 Gbit/s or 2.4576 Gbit/s.
24
Item
Description
l Tracing
l Holdover
l Free-run
l Microwave link clock
Clock source
Protection Scheme
Microwave link
Ethernet network
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Uses the iManager U2000 Web LCT to manage one local NE or one remote NE on a perNE basis.
25
Uses the iManager U2000 to manage Huawei OptiX RTN NEs and Huawei optical
transmission products in a centralized manner. The iManager U2000 is also able to manage
transport networks in a unified manner.
Uses SNMP to query alarms, performance events, and some configuration data of OptiX
RTN 380s on IP networks.
Specifications
Data
communications
channel (DCC)
bytes
Network
One NMS port
management
system (NMS) port
Inband
DCN
Microw
ave link
GE port
Network
management
protocol
HWECC protocol
Supported
IP protocol
Supported
L2DCN protocol
Supported
26
When deploying and commissioning an OptiX RTN 380 NE, you only need to insert a USB
flash drive storing the NE's configuration data into the USB port. The NE then automatically
imports data from the USB flash drive. You do not need to configure data onsite.
Figure 2-7 Deployment process
Start
End
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27
Description
Perform network
planning
Network planners work out network plans, which are archived in the
network management center (NMC).
Obtain a blank
USB flash drive
Hardware installation personnel obtain the USB flash drive with the
scripts from the customer' NMC. A USB flash drive contains the script
for only one NE.
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28
Description
Management and
monitoring
Diagnosis tests
Packet OAM
Database
management
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29
Function
Description
Software
management
Function
Description
End-to-end
service
configuration
End-to-end packet
service
configuration
Automatic
deployment of
alarm
management
Service
connectivity test
Service
performance test
Acceptance test
Port monitoring
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30
OAM Stage
Function
Description
Service loop
check
Intelligent fault
diagnosis
Performance
monitoring
Microwave ports: The FEC encoding mode is adopted and the adaptive time-domain
equalizer for baseband signals is used. This enables the microwave ports to withstand strong
interference. An interceptor cannot restore the content in a data frame if coding details and
service configurations are not obtained.
Modular design: Control units are separated from service units and service units are
separated from each other. In this manner, a fault on any unit can be properly isolated,
minimizing the impact of the fault on other units in the system.
CPU flow control: Data flow sent to the CPU for processing is classified and controlled to
prevent the CPU from being attacked by a large number of packets. This ensures that the
CPU operates properly under attacks.
USB port control: The USB port is disabled when the USB port is not used, to avoid invalid
access.
31
OptiX RTN 380 processes two categories of data: O&M data and service data. The preceding
data is transmitted over independent paths and does not affect each other. This enables services
running on OptiX RTN 380 to be processed on two planes:
l
Management plane
Data plane
The management plane provides access to the required equipment and management functions,
such as managing accounts and passwords, communication protocols, and alarm reporting.
Security features on the management plane implement security access, integrated security
management, and all-round security audits. The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) features provide
security access to the required equipment. The Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
(RADIUS) feature implements centralized security authentication for the equipment on the
entire network. The Syslog feature implements offline storage of more security-related logs for
audits.
The data plane processes the service data flow entering the equipment and forwards service
packets according to the forwarding table. Security features on the data plane ensure
confidentiality and integration of user data by preventing malicious theft, modification, and
removal of user service packets. These features ensure stable and reliable operation of the
forwarding plane by protecting forwarding entries against malicious attacks and falsification.
The data plane provides:
l
Methods for controlling and managing ingress and egress bandwidth of the equipment to
ensure reliable operation, such as flow control and quality of service (QoS).
Table 2-8 lists the security functions provided by OptiX RTN 380.
Table 2-8 Security functions
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Plane
Function
Description
Management plane
Security log
Operation log
Records non-query
operations are recorded.
Syslog management
32
Plane
Data plane
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Function
Description
SSL/TLS encryption
communication
Simple Network
Management Protocol
(SNMP)
Flow control
Discarding of incorrect
packets
Loop prevention
33
Plane
Function
Description
Service separation
Low-power components
OptiX RTN 380 complies with compulsory packing restrictions that limit the size of the
package containing the equipment and accessories to three times that of the equipment
dimensions.
The product is designed for easy unpacking. In addition, all hazardous substances contained
in the package can decompose quickly.
Every plastic component that weighs over 25 g is labeled according to the standards of ISO
11469 and ISO 1043-1 to ISO 1043-4. All components and packages of the equipment are
provided with standard labels for recycling.
Plugs and connectors are easy to find and can be operated using standard tools.
All the accompanying materials (such as labels) are easy to remove. Certain types of
identifying information (such as silkscreens) are printed on the chassis.
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34
3 Product Structure
Product Structure
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35
3 Product Structure
Block Diagram
Figure 3-1 Block diagram
OptiX RTN 380
SHUF3
Power
unit
-48 V
Supplies power
to other units
NMS signal
-48 V
PI
FE/GE signal
GE signal
P&E signal
Ethernet
GE signal switching
Ethernet
unit
access
unit
CPRI signal
Antenna
MUX
unit
Modem
unit
RF
processing
unit
CPRI signal
Control signal
Standby
RTN 380
NMS signal
Clock
signal
Supplies
clock signals
to other units
Clock unit
NMS port
System
control unit
1+1 cascade
signal
Standby
RTN 380
USB port
RSSI port
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36
3 Product Structure
Function Units
Function Unit
Description
RF processing unit
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37
3 Product Structure
Function Unit
Description
SCC unit
Clock unit
Power unit
FE/GE
service
signal
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Ethernet
access
unit
Service
bus
Ethernet
switching
unit
RF
signal
38
3 Product Structure
Function Unit
Processing Flow
Ethernet switching
unit
Baseband processing
unit
RF processing unit
Function Unit
Processing Flow
RF processing unit
Baseband processing
unit
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39
3 Product Structure
St
ep
Function Unit
Processing Flow
Ethernet switching
unit
3.3.1 Ports
An RTN 380 has one GE port, one COMBO port, one P&E port, one USB port, RSSI/NMS port,
and one antenna port (RSSI is short for received signal strength indicator and NMS for network
management system).
Port Positions
Figure 3-3 Port positions
6. PGND
ground point
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
7. Antenna port
40
3 Product Structure
Port
Description
Connector Type
Cable
GE
GE optical port
Small form-factor
pluggable (SFP)
optical module:
supports
1000BASE-SX,
and 1000BASELX.
8.7 Optical
Fibers
COMBO
SFP module:
l GE optical
port: supports
1000base-LX
and 1000baseSX.
l GE optical
port/1+1
cascade
port: 8.7
Optical
Fibers
l 1+1 cascade
port: supports
1000Base-SX.
l CPRI port:
8.7 Optical
Fibers
l GE optical port
l 1+1 cascade port
l CPRI port
NOTE
When transmitting CPRI services, GE and P&E
ports cannot receive/transmit Ethernet services.
P&E
P&E connector
8.3 P&E
Cables
PWR
Waterproof power
connector
RSSI port/NMS
port: RJ45
connector
NOTE
The P&E port and DC power port cannot supply
power at the same time.
USB/RSSI/
NMS
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41
3 Product Structure
No.
Port
Description
Connector Type
Cable
PGND point
M5 screw
Antenna port
153IEC-R740,
which can be
connected to a
UG387/U-R740
NOTE
l On the NMS, a P&E port that functions as an Ethernet service port is displayed as a GE1 port, a COMBO
port that functions as an Ethernet service port is displayed as a GE2 port, and a GE port is displayed
as a GE3 port.
l Unused ports must be capped.
GE Optical Port
A GE optical port receives/transmits Ethernet services using an SFP optical module.
An SFP optical module provides one TX port and one RX port. For details, see Figure 3-4, in
which TX represents the transmit port and RX represents the receive port.
Figure 3-4 Ports of an SFP optical module
RX
TX
Table 3-4 lists the types of SFP optical modules that the GE optical port supports.
Table 3-4 SFP optical modules supported by the GE optical port
Part Number
Module Type
Wavelength and
Transmission Distance
34060321
1000BASE-SX
34060290
1000BASE-LX
1310 nm, 10 km
COMBO Port
A COMBO port is a versatile composite port and can be configured as a GE service port, 1+1
cascade port, or CPRI port.
l
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
If a COMBO port is configured as a GE optical port, it supports the same types of SFP
optical modules as the GE optical port.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
42
3 Product Structure
If the COMBO port is configured as a CPRI port, RTN 380 and the interconnected BBU/
RRU must use the same type of SFP optical module. Table 3-5 lists the supported SFP
optical module types.
Table 3-5 Types of SFP optical modules
BOM Number
Rate
Wavelength and
Transmission Distance
34060286/34060321
1.2288 Gbit/s
34060290
34060365
1310 nm, 10 km
2.4576 Gbit/s
34060327
1310 nm, 2 km
34060336
1310 nm, 15 km
P&E Port
A P&E port is a power-over-Ethernet port and can simultaneously receive GE electrical signals,
-48 V power signals, and NMS signals. It is either connected to a power injector (PI) or an EG4P
board on an OptiX RTN 900.
A P&E port has 12 pins, as shown in Figure 3-5.
Figure 3-5 Front view of the P&E port
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Pin No.
Signal
Function
BIDA+/BGND
BIDA-/BGND
43
3 Product Structure
Pin No.
Signal
Function
BIDB+/-48 V
BIDB-/-48 V
BIDC+/BGND
BIDC-/BGND
BIDD+/-48 V
BIDD-/-48 V
TX+
10
TX-
11
RX+
12
RX-
PWR Port
A PWR port supplies -48 V power signals to an RTN 380. It must be used if the RTN 380 is
more than 100 meters away from a power supply device.
Figure 3-6 Front view of the PWR port
USB/RSSI/NMS Ports
The USB and RSSI/NMS ports are independent from each other but share one protective cap.
For details, see Figure 3-7.
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3 Product Structure
USB port
RSSI/NMS port
The RSSI port and the NMS port share an RJ45 connector. Table 3-7 provides the pin
assignments.
Table 3-7 Pin assignments for the RJ45 connector on the RSSI/NMS port
Pin No.
Signal
Ground
Reserved
Reserved
NOTE
The NMS port inside the P&E port and the NMS port inside the RSSI/NMS port physically share the same
port, so use only the P&E port or the RSSI/NMS port as an NMS port at one time. The RSSI/NMS port is
used as an NMS port only when no 12core P&E cable is available to connect the equipment to the NMS
for service commissioning or maintenance.
3.3.2 Indicators
An RTN 380 has one GE optical port indicator, one COMBO port indicator, one USB port
indicator, and one system indicator.
The indicators are located inside ports, and indicate the operating status of equipment during the
installation, commissioning, and maintenance processes.
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3 Product Structure
Status
Meaning
Steady green
Blinks green
Off
Steady green
Blinks green
Off
Steady green
COMBO port
indicator
GE optical port
NOTE
The status and
meaning of the
COMBO port varies
according to its
function.
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3 Product Structure
Indicator
CPRI port
Status
Meaning
Blinks green
Off
Steady green
Off
Steady green
Backing up or
recovering data is
complete.
Steady red
System indicator
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Off
Software is being
loaded during the
power-on or resetting
process of the
equipment.
Software is in the
BIOS boot state
during the power-on
or resetting process
of the equipment.
47
Indicator
3 Product Structure
Status
Meaning
Steady green
l The upper-layer
software is being
initialized during
the power-on or
resetting process
of the equipment.
l Software is
running normally
during the
operating process
of the equipment.
Steady red
Off
NOTE
After you load data to an RTN 380 using a USB flash drive, the RTN 380 automatically resets. All the
indicates are off during the reset. After the reset is complete, observe the system indicator to learn about
the status of the RTN 380.
3.4 Labels
Product nameplate labels, qualification card labels, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection
labels, radiation warning labels, grounding labels, high temperature warning labels, and other
types of labels are affixed in their respective positions on the chassis. Adhere to any warnings
or instructions on the labels when performing various tasks to avoid any personal injury or
damage to equipment.
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3 Product Structure
Label Positions
Figure 3-9 Label positions
Product nameplate label
Bar code
MAC address label
ESD protection label
ESD
Radiation warning label
High temperature
warning label
Grounding label
Label Description
Table 3-9 Label description
Label
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Label Name
Description
Product nameplate
label
Indicates the
product name
and certification.
Bar code
Uniquely
identifies a
chassis.
MAC address
label
Indicates the
equipment's
MAC address.
49
Label
3 Product Structure
Label Name
Description
ESD protection
label
Radiation warning
label
High temperature
warning label
Grounding label
Indicates the
ground position
of a chassis.
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3 Product Structure
Parameter
Parameter
Meaning
Product name
Product name
ITEM
Identifies a product
type.
T/R SPACING
Indicates a T/R
spacing (GHz).
1: TX high/low site
TX
Content Example
l Transmit
frequency of the
TX high site:
81.086.0 GHz
l Transmit
frequency of the
TX low site:
71.0-76.0 GHz
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51
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52
Large-capacity microwave links use 2+0 configuration, so two OptiX RTN 380s must be
installed at one site.
Microwave
chains and/or
microwave
sub-rings
Ethernet ring protection switching (ERPS) can be configured to protect Ethernet services
on the ring network.
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53
RNC
Regional Backhaul Network
OptiX RTN 380s can transmit CPRI services between a BBU and an RRU, as well as
between two RRUs.
RRU
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BBU
CPRI link
54
For important links, OptiX RTN 380 can work with OptiX RTN 900 to provide 1+1 link
protection.
P&E ports of OptiX RTN 380s can be connected to EG4P boards on OptiX RTN 900s, so
OptiX RTN 380s and OptiX RTN 900s can form a network.
1+1
cascading
cable
1+1
BSC
1+1
cascading
cable
Regional Backhaul
Network
RNC
1+0
Radio chains
and/or radio
sub-rings
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55
Optical
network
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56
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57
iManager U2000
WAN/LAN
Backbone
layer
Convergence
layer
Access layer
Web LCT
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Web LCT
58
Function Overview
Table 5-1 Management functions of the Web LCT
Function
Description
NE management
Alarm management
Performance management
Configuration management
Software management
Communication
management
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59
Function
Description
Security management
l Manages NE users.
l Manages NE user groups.
l Controls local craft terminal (LCT) access.
l Manages online users.
l Manages NE security parameters.
l Manages NE security logs.
l Allows the file transmission protocol to be specified as
FTP or sFTP.
Hop management
5.3 U2000
The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 server
through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport subnets in a unified manner. The U2000
can provide NE-level and network-level management functions.
Function Overview
Table 5-2 Management functions of the U2000
Function Module
Description
NE management
Network
management
Topology
management
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60
Function Module
Network-level alarm
management
Description
l Monitors, counts, and manages network-wide
alarms.
l Customizes alarm query templates.
l Analyzes alarm relevance.
l Manages alarm time locally.
l Supports alarm notification.
l Dumps alarms.
Network-level
performance
management
Network-level
configuration
management
Network-level
diagnosing and
testing
Network-level
communication
management
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61
Function Module
Network-level
security management
Description
l Manages account policies.
l Manages user groups.
l Manages rights.
l Supports the Remote Authentication Dial-In User
Service (RADIUS).
l Supports SSLv3 encrypted communication
between the U2000 server and U2000 clients.
l Supports SSLv3 encrypted communication
between the U2000 server and gateway NEs.
l Allows IP packets accessing the NE to be filtered
based on the preset ACL rules.
l Supports Syslog management.
l Supports sFTP.
Inventory management
Log management
Database management
Software management
Report management
Northbound interface
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6 Technical Specifications
Technical Specifications
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63
6 Technical Specifications
6.1 RF Performance
This chapter describes the radio frequency (RF) performance and various technical
specifications related to microwave.
Modulation
Scheme
L2 Frame
Header
Compression
Enabled
L2+L3 Frame
Header
Compression
(IPv4)
Enabled
L2+L3 Frame
Header
Compression
(IPv6)
Enabled
250
QPSK Strong
188 to 232
188 to 303
188 to 426
189 to 530
QPSK
337 to 416
338 to 544
338 to 764
339 to 950
16QAM
679 to 838
680 to 1096
681 to 1540
683 to 1913
32QAM
838 to 1034
839 to 1352
841 to 1900
843 to 2361
64QAM
1022 to 1260
1023 to 1648
1025 to 2316
1027 to 2500
QPSK Strong
378 to 466
378 to 609
379 to 857
380 to 1064
QPSK
667 to 823
668 to 1076
670 to 1513
671 to 1880
16QAM
1343 to 1657
1345 to 2166
1348 to 2500
1351 to 2500
32QAM
1677 to 2068
1679 to 2500
1682 to 2500
1686 to 2500
64QAM
2019 to 2490
2022 to 2500
2026 to 2500
2031 to 2500
500
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6 Technical Specifications
NOTE
The throughput specifications in the preceding table are based on the following conditions:
l Frame header compression disabled: C-tagged Ethernet frames with a length ranging from 64 bytes to
9600 bytes
l L2 frame header compression enabled: C-tagged Ethernet frames with a length ranging from 64 bytes
to 9600 bytes
l L2+L3 frame header compression (IPv4) enabled: C-tagged Ethernet frames with a length ranging from
64 bytes to 9600 bytes
l L2+L3 frame header compression (IPv6) enabled: C-tagged Ethernet frames with a length ranging from
90 bytes to 9600 bytes
Modulation Scheme
Capacity
500
16QAM
500
64QAM
T/R
Spacing
(GHz)
Transmit Frequency of
the TX Low Site (GHz)
Transmit Frequency of
the TX High Site (GHz)
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
7176/81
86
10
71.0
76.0
81.0
86.0
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65
6 Technical Specifications
Performance
250 MHz Channel
Spacing
-76.5
-73.5
QPSK
-74.0
-71.0
16QAM
-66.0
-63.0
32QAM
-62.5
-59.5
64QAM
-59.5
-56.5
Performance
500M/64QAM W-curve
33 dB
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6 Technical Specifications
QPSK Strong
16
QPSK
16QAM
14
32QAM
14
64QAM
12
QPSK Strong to
64QAM
-10
-23
Frequency Stability
Frequency stability: 5 ppm
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67
6 Technical Specifications
ACCP
ACCP allows signals to be transmitted over the electromagnetic waves in the same polarization
direction on two adjacent channels. See Figure 6-2.
Figure 6-2 ACCP
ACCP
f1
f2
ACAP
ACAP allows signals to be transmitted over the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave
and vertically polarized electromagnetic wave on two adjacent channels. See Figure 6-3.
Figure 6-3 ACAP
ACAP
f1
H
V
f2
CCDP
CCDP allows signals to be transmitted over the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave
and vertically polarized electromagnetic wave on the same channel. See Figure 6-4.
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68
6 Technical Specifications
CCDP
f1
H
V
Performance
Encoding mode
Supported.
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69
6 Technical Specifications
Performance
1+0 Configuration
1+1 Configuration
MTBF (hour)
32.19104
117.56104
MTBF (year)
36.75
134.20
MTTR (hour)
Availability
99.99969%
99.99992%
Performance
1+0 configuration
1+1 configuration
MTBF (hour)
16.10104
58.78104
MTBF (year)
18.37
67.10
MTTR (hour)
Availability
99.99938%
99.99983%
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Item
Performance
Classification code
34060321
34060290
850
1310
70
6 Technical Specifications
Item
Performance
Classification code
1000
1000
Fiber type
Multi-mode
Single-mode
0.55
10
830 to 860
1274 to 1360
-10.0 to -2.5
-9.5 to -3.0
Receiver minimum
sensitivity (dBm)
-17.0
-20.0
-3.0
9.0
9.0
Performance
10(10BASE-T)
100(100BASE-TX)
1000(1000BASE-T)
Code pattern
Port type
P&E port
71
6 Technical Specifications
Performance
Port rate
1.2288 Gbit/s
Module
BOM
number
34060286
34060321
34060290
34060365
34060327
34060336
Transmiss
ion
distance
(km)
0.55
0.55
10
0.3
2.0
15.0
Nominal
wavelengt
h (nm)
850
850
1310
850
1310
1310
Maximum
rate
2.125
Gbit/s
1.25 Gbit/s
1.25 Gbit/s
4.25 Gbit/s
2.67 Gbit/s
2.67 Gbit/s
Fiber type
Multimod
e
Multimod
e
Singlemode
Multimod
e
Singlemode
Singlemode
Operating
wavelengt
h (nm)
830-860
830-860
1274-1360
830-860
1274-1360
1274-1360
Mean
launched
power
(dBm)
-9.5 to -2.5
-10.0 to
-2.5
-9.5 to -3.0
-9.0 to -1.5
-9.5 to -3.0
-5.0 to 0
Minimum
receiver
sensitivity
(dBm)
-17.0
-17.0
-20.0
-15.0
-18.0
-21.0
Minimum
overload
(dBm)
-3.0
-3.0
Minimum
extinction
ratio (dB)
9.0
9.0
9.0
3.0
9.0
8.2
2.4576 Gbit/s
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6 Technical Specifications
Performance
Noise generation
Noise tolerance
Performance
Dimensions (H x W x D)
265 mm x 265 mm x 80 mm
Weight
5.5 kg
55 W
Power Supply
Electromagnetic Compatibility
l
Passed CE authentication.
Lightning Protection
l
Passed CE authentication.
Safety
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73
6 Technical Specifications
Environment
OptiX RTN 380 is used outdoors.
Table 6-16 Environment performance
Item
Performance
Major reference
standards
Air temperature
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Operation
Transport
ation
Storage
Operation
-33C to +55C
Transport
ation and
storage
-40C to +70C
Protection class
IP65
Relative humidity
5% to 100%
74
7 Accessories
Accessories
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
75
7 Accessories
Couples -48 V power signals to eight pins of the GE electrical port and transmits them to
an OptiX RTN 380 through a P&E cable. See Figure 7-1.
Figure 7-1 -48 V power signal coupling
-48 V
(PI)
1 BIDA+
BIDA+ 1
2 BIDA-
BIDA- 2
4 BIDC+
BIDC+ 4
5 BIDC-
BIDC- 5
DC
converter
3 BIDB+
BIDB+ 3
-48 V
6 BIDB-
BIDB- 6
7 BIDD+
BIDD+ 7
8 BIDD-
BIDD- 8
BGND
( RTN 310)
There is no interference between DC power signals and Ethernet service signals, which can
be transmitted over the same twisted pair.
Installation Modes
An indoor PI can be installed:
l
On a wall
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76
7 Accessories
H
D
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
77
7 Accessories
FO
CABLE
RTN NEG
-48V;2.2A
DC
IN
GE
NMS
MGMT
P&E
P&E
OUT
-48 V power
FE/GE
service
To the NMS
To FO
Ports
Table 7-1 Ports on a PI
Port
Description
Connector Type
Corresponding
Cable
RTN (+)
NEG (-)
GE
GE electrical port
RJ45
NMS
NMS port
(connected to the
NMS)
8.8 Outdoor
Network Cables
MGMT
NMS port
(connected to OptiX
RTN 380)
RJ45
P&E
The GE service port, NMS port, and P&E port use RJ45 connectors. Figure 7-4 shows the front
view of an RJ45 connector.
Figure 7-4 RJ45 connector front view
1 2 3 4 5 6 78
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78
7 Accessories
The GE electrical port is compatible with an FE electrical port and supports the MDI, MDI-X,
and auto-MDI/MDI-X modes. Table 7-2 and Table 7-3 show pin assignments for an RJ45 port
in MDI and MDI-X modes.
Table 7-2 Pin assignments for an RJ45 connector in MDI mode
Pin
10/100BASE-T(X)
1000BASE-T
Signal
Function
Signal
Function
TX+
BIDA+
TX-
BIDA-
RX+
BIDB+
Reserved
BIDC+
Reserved
BIDC-
RX-
BIDB-
Reserved
BIDD+
Reserved
BIDD-
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
10/100BASE-T(X)
1000BASE-T
Signal
Function
Signal
Function
RX+
BIDB+
RX-
BIDB-
TX+
BIDA+
Reserved
BIDD+
Reserved
BIDD-
79
Pin
7 Accessories
10/100BASE-T(X)
1000BASE-T
Signal
Function
Signal
Function
TX-
BIDA-
Reserved
BIDC+
Reserved
BIDC-
NOTE
The P&E port can transmit -48 V power signals through pins 1, 2, 3, and 6.
The NMS and MGMT ports transmit network management signals. Table 7-4 lists their pin
assignments.
Table 7-4 Pin assignments for the NMS and MGMT ports
Pin
Signal
Function
TX+
TX-
RX+
Reserved
Reserved
RX-
Reserved
Reserved
NOTE
The NMS port supports the MDI, MDI-X, and auto-MDI/MDI-X modes. This means that the NMS port
can transmit data through pins 3 and 6 and receive data through pins 1 and 2.
Indicators
Table 7-5 Indicator status explanation
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Indicator
State
Meaning
DC IN
Steady green
Power is supplied.
80
Indicator
P&E OUT
7 Accessories
State
Meaning
Off
Steady green
Off
7.1.3 PI Labels
This section lists the labels that are attached to a power injector (PI). Adhere to any warnings or
instructions on the labels when performing various tasks to avoid any personal injury or damage
to equipment.
Figure 7-5 Label positions on an indoor PI
/QUALIFICATION CARD
Qualification
card label
HUAWEI
MADE IN CHINA
Product
nameplate label
High
temperature
Power
warning
caution
label
label
Grounding
label
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81
7 Accessories
/ QUALIFICATION CARD
Label Name
Description
Product nameplate
label
Indicates the
product name
and certification.
Qualification card
label
High temperature
warning label
Ground label
Indicates the
ground position
of a PI.
Operation
warning label
l Indicates the
input of -48 V
power.
HUAWEI
MADE IN CHINA
l Instructs you
to check the
connection of
a P&E cable
to a port.
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Parameter
Paramete
r
Descripti
on
PI model
OptiX RTN PI DC A 10
1: Product
name
2: Power
supply
mode
DC: direct
current
3:
Application
environmen
t
l A:
indoor
4: Number
of channels
10: single
channel.
That is,
one PI can
provide
power
supply to
only one
OptiX
RTN 380.
PI power
supply
rated value
Rated power
supply
POWER RATING
3 4
-48V; 2.2A
l B:
outdoo
r
Power Supply
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Item
Specifications
-38.4 V to -57.6 V
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Specifications
Dimensions (H x W x D)
Weight
0.8 kg
Electromagnetic Compatibility
l
Passed CE authentication.
Passed CE authentication.
Safety
Environment
Table 7-8 Environment performance
Item
Specifications
Temperature
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Operating
Transportation
Storage
Operating
-40C to +70C
Relative humidity
5% to 100%
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Provides a network management system (NMS) port for connecting to the NMS. A power
injector (PI) interconnects an OptiX RTN 380 and the NMS, implementing off-tower
maintenance and commissioning.
Couples -48 V power signals to eight pins of the GE electrical port and transmits them to
an OptiX RTN 380 through a P&E cable. See Figure 7-6.
Figure 7-6 -48 V power signal coupling
-48 V
(PI)
1 BIDA+
BIDA+ 1
2 BIDA-
BIDA- 2
4 BIDC+
BIDC+ 4
5 BIDC-
BIDC- 5
DC
converter
3 BIDB+
BIDB+ 3
-48 V
6 BIDB-
BIDB- 6
7 BIDD+
BIDD+ 7
8 BIDD-
BIDD- 8
BGND
( RTN 310)
There is no interference between DC power signals and Ethernet service signals, which can
be transmitted over the same twisted pair.
An outdoor PI can be installed:
l
On an outdoor wall
On a tower
Front Panel
An outdoor PI has a protective cover, as shown in Figure 7-7 and Figure 7-8.
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H
D
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7 Accessories
-48.0 V power
Power
cable
trough
P&E
Outdoor
cable
network
trough
cable
trough (GE
service)
Outdoor
network
cable trough
(NMS
signals)
Ports
Table 7-9 Ports on a PI
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Port
Description
Connector Type
Corresponding
Cable
RTN (+)
OT terminal block
NEG (-)
GE
GE electrical port
RJ45
NMS
NMS port
(connected to the
NMS)
8.8 Outdoor
Network Cables
MGMT
NMS port
(connected to OptiX
RTN 380)
RJ45
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Port
Description
P&E
Connector Type
Corresponding
Cable
The GE service port, NMS port, and P&E port use RJ45 connectors. Figure 7-9 shows the front
view of an RJ45 connector.
Figure 7-9 RJ45 connector front view
1 2 3 4 5 6 78
The GE electrical port is compatible with an FE electrical port and supports the MDI, MDI-X,
and auto-MDI/MDI-X modes. Table 7-10 and Table 7-11 show pin assignments for an RJ45
port in MDI and MDI-X modes.
Table 7-10 Pin assignments for an RJ45 connector in MDI mode
Pin
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
10/100BASE-T(X)
1000BASE-T
Signal
Function
Signal
Function
TX+
BIDA+
TX-
BIDA-
RX+
BIDB+
Reserved
BIDC+
Reserved
BIDC-
RX-
BIDB-
Reserved
BIDD+
Reserved
BIDD-
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10/100BASE-T(X)
1000BASE-T
Signal
Function
Signal
Function
RX+
BIDB+
RX-
BIDB-
TX+
BIDA+
Reserved
BIDD+
Reserved
BIDD-
TX-
BIDA-
Reserved
BIDC+
Reserved
BIDC-
NOTE
The P&E port can transmit -48 V power signals through pins 1, 2, 3, and 6.
The NMS and MGMT ports transmit network management signals. Table 7-12 lists their pin
assignments.
Table 7-12 Pin assignments for the NMS and MGMT ports
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Pin
Signal
Function
TX+
TX-
RX+
Reserved
Reserved
RX-
Reserved
Reserved
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NOTE
The NMS port supports the MDI, MDI-X, and auto-MDI/MDI-X modes. This means that the NMS port
can transmit data through pins 3 and 6 and receive data through pins 1 and 2.
Indicators
Table 7-13 Indicator status explanation
Indicator
State
Meaning
DC IN
Steady green
Power is supplied.
Off
Steady green
Off
P&E OUT
7.2.3 PI Labels
This section lists the labels that are attached to a power injector (PI). Adhere to any warnings or
instructions on the labels when performing various tasks to avoid any personal injury or damage
to equipment.
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Operation
warning
label
Qualification
card label
/QUALIFICATION CARD
HUAWEI
MADE IN CHINA
Grounding
label
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Label Name
Description
Product nameplate
label
Indicates the
product name
and certification.
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7 Accessories
Label
/ QUALIFICATION CARD
Label Name
Description
Qualification card
label
High temperature
warning label
Grounding label
Indicates the
ground position
of a PI.
Operation
warning label
l Indicates the
input of -48 V
power.
HUAWEI
MADE IN CHINA
l Instructs you
to check wire
connections
of a P&E
cable.
l Instructs you
to check the
connection of
a P&E cable
to a port.
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Parameter
Parameter
Description
PI model
OptiX RTN PI DC B 10
1: Product
name
2: Power
supply
mode
DC: direct
current
3:
Applicatio
n
environme
nt
l A: indoor
4: Number
of channels
10: single
channel. That
is, one PI can
provide
power supply
to only one
OptiX RTN
380.
PI power
supply rated
value
Power supply
rated value
POWER RATING
3 4
-48V; 2.2A
l B: outdoor
Power Supply
Item
Specifications
-38.4 V to -57.6 V
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Item
Specifications
Dimensions (H x W x D)
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Item
Specifications
Weight
1.3 kg
Electromagnetic Compatibility
l
Passed CE authentication.
Passed CE authentication.
Safety
Environment
Table 7-16 Environment performance
Item
Specifications
Operating
Transportation
Storage
Operating Temperature
-33C to +55C
Relative humidity
10% to 100%
Altitude
Protection class
IP65
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In the transmit direction, an optical splitter evenly splits one channel of GE optical signals
into two channels and sends them to the active and standby OptiX RTN 380s in a 1+1 hot
standby (HSB) protection group.
In the receive direction, an optical splitter receives optical signals only from the GE port
of the active OptiX RTN 380 in a 1+1 HSB protection group. (The GE port of the standby
OptiX RTN 380 does not transmit optical signals.)
Optical
signals
RX
Active
OptiX RTN
380
Optical
splitter
TX
Optical
signals
Standby
OptiX RTN
380
Installation Mode
An optical splitter can be installed on:
l
An outdoor wall
A tower
7.3.2 Ports
The ports of an optical splitter are located in the fiber distribution area of the outdoor fiber access
terminal.
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H
W
Waterproof
plug
Ground
point
NOTE
Normally, an optical splitter does not need to be grounded when working with OptiX RTN 380.
The main components of an optical splitter are the optical splitting module, outdoor fiber access
terminal, and fiber adapters, as shown in Figure 7-14.
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Fiber
retention clip
Optical
splitting
module
Outlet of the
fiber connected
to the active
OptiX RTN 380
Ports
The three ports in the fiber distribution area connect the optical splitting module and equipment.
The number and label on each fiber indicate the connection relationship. For details, see Figure
7-15.
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M-Rx
M-Tx
S-Rx
S-Tx
C-Rx
C-Tx
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Fiber Number
Label
Connector Type
Description
101
M-Rx
LC/UPC
Connected to the GE
receive port on the
main OptiX RTN
380
201
M-Tx
Connected to the GE
transmit port on the
main OptiX RTN
380
102
S-Rx
Connected to the GE
receive port on the
standby OptiX RTN
380
202
S-Tx
Connected to the GE
transmit port on the
standby OptiX RTN
380
IN2
C-Rx
Connected to the GE
receive port on
customer equipment
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7 Accessories
Fiber Number
Label
IN1
C-Tx
Connector Type
Description
Connected to the GE
transmit port on
customer equipment
The fiber adapters for connecting pigtails in the fiber distribution area provide the antimisinsertion function. Install pigtails based on the labels attached to them.
7.3.3 Labels
There are three labels on the fiber access terminal of an optical splitter: fiber access terminal
label, optical splitting module label, and ground point label.
Figure 7-16 Labels of an optical splitter
Pigtail
labels
Optical splitting
module label
Ground point
label
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Specifications
Fiber type
Single-mode
Operating wavelength
Working bandwidth
Split ratio
Equal splitting
Insertion loss
3.8 dB
Operating temperature
-40C to +65C
Storage temperature
-40C to +70C
Working humidity
95% (+40C)
Atmospheric pressure
70-106 kPa
Protection class
IP55
Dimensions (H x W x D)
296 mm x 238 mm x 70 mm
Weight
7.4.1 Types
Hybrid couplers are available as balanced and unbalanced hybrid couplers.
Balanced and unbalanced hybrid couplers are described as follows:
l
A balanced hybrid coupler splits one RF signal into two almost equivalent RF branch
signals.
A unbalanced hybrid coupler splits one RF signal into two RF signals with different power
levels.The signal power on the standby path is about 6 dB lower than the signal power on
the main path.
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In the transmit direction, a hybrid coupler combines two RF signal routes from two OptiX
RTN 380s into one and transmits the signals to an antenna.
In the receive direction, the hybrid coupler divides the RF signals received from the antenna
into two outputs and transmits the signals to OptiX RTN 380s.
7.4.3 Ports
A hybrid coupler has one antenna port, one main tributary port, and one extension tributary port.
Figure 7-17 shows ports on a hybrid coupler.
Figure 7-17 Ports on a hybrid coupler
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7 Accessories
Port
Mark
Function
Port Type
Antenna
port
Connects to an antenna.
Extensio
n
tributary
port
STAND
BY
Main
tributary
port
MAIN
7.4.4 Labels
Labels are attached to a hybrid coupler and its packaging to provide basic information of the
device.
Figure 7-18 shows the label of a hybrid coupler.
Figure 7-18 Label of a hybrid coupler
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Content Example
Parameter
Name
Model
(MODEL)
C 80 B 03 R R C
1
Parameter
Description
1: component
type
2: frequency
band
Indicates the
operating frequency
of the hybrid coupler
in GHz. For example,
80 indicates that the
hybrid coupler
operates at 80 GHz.
3: tributary
features
B: balanced
4: coupling
U: unbalanced
Item code
(ITEM)
Descriptio
n
(DEP)
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
5: waveguide
type of port
connected to
antenna
R: rectangular
waveguide
6: waveguide
type of ports
connected to
OptiX RTN 380
R: rectangular
waveguide
7: port type
C: Huawei V1 port
52440759
Uniquely identifies
the model of a hybrid
coupler.
1: operating
frequency range
Indicates the
operating frequency
range of the hybrid
coupler in MHz.
103
Label
Informati
on
Serial
number
7 Accessories
Content Example
2152440759BFCB480303
Parameter
Parameter
Description
2: coupling
Indicates coupling
(dB) of the main and
extension tributaries.
Identifies a hybrid
coupler uniquely.
(S/N)
Bar code
area
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Item
Specifications
Attenuation of the
main tributary (dB)
Attenuation of the
extension tributary
(dB)
1.0
Flatness of the
extension tributary
(dB)
1.0
20
1.4
Dimensions (H x W x
D)
Weight
5 kg
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7.5 Antennas
Radio equipment uses parabolic antennas to emit and receive electromagnetic waves. The
antennas that are described in this document are parabolic antennas compatible with OptiX RTN
380s.
7.5.1 Types
Antennas are classified into single-polarized antennas and dual-polarized antennas. The OptiX
RTN 380 provides only single-polarized antennas currently.
Single-polarized antennas emit or receive electromagnetic waves in a specific polarization
direction. A single-polarized antenna provides a feed port, which can be set to vertically or
horizontally polarized. Figure 7-19 shows the appearance of a single-polarized antenna.
Figure 7-19 Appearance of a single-polarized antenna
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In the transmit direction, antennas convert RF signals received from OptiX RTN 380s into
directional electromagnetic waves and emit these waves into free space.
In the receive direction, antennas receive electromagnetic waves from free space, convert
these waves into RF signals, and transmit the RF signals to OptiX RTN 380s.
2
1
2. Reflector
1. Feed
4. Radome
5. Mounting bracket
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Feeds
A feed receives RF signals from an OptiX RTN 380 at its input port and transmits those
signals to its output port through its waveguide. Located at the focal spot of the reflector,
the output port of the feed is equivalent to a preliminary horn antenna and emits
electromagnetic waves towards the reflector.
You can rotate the feed to change the polarization direction of an antenna. Here, polarization
direction refers to the polarization direction of emitted electromagnetic waves or the
direction of an electrical field. Figure 7-21 shows the polarization directions that
rectangular waveguides support.
Figure 7-21 Polarization directions that rectangular waveguides support
Vertical
polarization
Horizontal
polarization
Reflectors
Generally taking the form of rotatable paraboloids, antenna reflectors reflect
electromagnetic waves and increase directive gain.
In the transmit direction, reflectors reflect the electromagnetic waves emitted from feeds
so the reflected electromagnetic waves are directional.
In the receive direction, reflectors focus the electromagnetic waves from free space to
feeds' output ports.
Radomes
Radomes protect antennas from being damaged by wind, rain, snow, or ice. Radomes do
not prevent electromagnetic waves from penetrate to the reflector.
Mounting brackets
Mounting brackets are used to attach antennas onto poles and help achieve fine elevation
and azimuth adjustments.
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wave ratio, and front-to-back ratio. The mechanical specifications of antennas include the
dimensions, weight, anti-wind capability, and anti-snow/ice capability.
Huawei provides complete antenna portfolios. For information about antenna specifications,
contact Huawei.
Equipment software, scripts, and license files stored in USB flash drives are installed on
OptiX RTN 380s for deployment and commissioning. With this system, users do not need
to configure data onsite.
Software, patch packages, license files, NE databases, and system parameters are backed
up to USB flash drives. This avoids the need to reconfigure data when replacing a OptiX
RTN 380.
Software of target versions stored in USB flash drives are imported to OptiX RTN 380s.
Application Scenario
l
For deployment and commissioning of an OptiX RTN 380, the license, scripts, and software
are stored on a USB flash drive. After the USB flash drive is plugged in and functioning,
the OptiX RTN 380 downloads software, scripts, and license in sequence.
For an upgrade or downgrade of an OptiX RTN 380, only the software of the target version
is stored on a USB flash drive. After the USB flash drive is plugged in and functioning, the
OptiX RTN 380 compares the versions of the running software and the software stored on
the USB flash drive. If the versions are not the same, the OptiX RTN 380 automatically
downloads the software from the USB flash drive for an upgrade or downgrade.
During OptiX RTN 380 replacement, an empty USB flash drive is inserted into a faulty
device, which automatically backs up its data to the drive. After the faulty device is replaced,
the drive holding the backup data is inserted into the new device, which automatically
downloads the backed up NE data, software, license, and system parameters and restores
the NE data.
Data uploading
A USB flash drive contains the following folders:
NOTE
The RTN.CER file, which stores administrator-level account and password information (with
password information encrypted), is used for authenticating the USB flash drive. The file is generated
by a system administrator at the network management center (NMC) using a dedicated tool.
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When a USB flash drive is connected to an OptiX RTN 380, the OptiX RTN 380 checks the
folders on the USB flash drive in the following order:
1.
Checks for the RTN.CER file in the root directory. If the file exists, the USB flash drive
is authenticated. Otherwise, the USB flash drive fails to be identified.
2.
Checks the NE software folder pkg. If the NE software version is different from that of the
local OptiX RTN 380, the OptiX RTN 380 upgrades its software.
3.
Checks the patch software folder patch. If the patch software version is different from that
of the local OptiX RTN 380, the OptiX RTN 380 loads the patch software from the folder.
4.
Checks the system parameter folder sysdata. If the folder contains data, the OptiX RTN
380 imports system parameters from the folder.
5.
Checks the script folder script. If the folder contains data, the OptiX RTN 380 imports
script data from the folder.
6.
Checks the database folder db. If the folder contains data, the OptiX RTN 380 loads the
database from the folder.
7.
Checks the license folder license. If the folder contains the license, the OptiX RTN 380
loads the license from the folder.
8.
If any of the preceding folders contains no data or does not exist, the OptiX RTN 380 checks
the next folder. If the OptiX RTN 380 finds none of the preceding folders, it exports its
data to the USB flash drive.
Ensure that USB flash drives have only the preceding folders, as extra folders may lead to
malfunctions.
The following are working principles of USB flash drives in various scenarios:
NOTE
A device reads data from a USB flash drive at different rates in different scenarios. The user can check
whether the device is reading data from a USB flash drive by observing the USB port or USB flash drive
indicator.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
No.
Manufacturer
Model
Capacity
Netac
U208
4 GB
109
8 Cables
Cables
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8 Cables
Cable Diagram
Figure 8-1 OptiX RTN 380 power cable
Connector
Cable jacket
0 V PGND cable (brown)
View A
Cable Parameters
Table 8-1 Cable parameters
Cable
Cable Parameter
Terminal Parameter
NOTE
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Cable Diagram
Figure 8-2 Indoor-PI power cable
DC power
connector
0 V power ground
(black)
OT terminal
Cable Parameters
Table 8-2 Cable parameters
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Cable
Cable Parameter
Terminal Parameter
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8 Cables
A 12-core P&E cable connects an OptiX RTN 380 to a PI. Four cores of the cable transmit
network management signals and the other eight cores transmit GE electrical signals and
-48 V power signals.
Determine the length of a P&E cable based on the distance between the OptiX RTN 380
and PI connected by this cable. For an indoor PI, the maximum length of the P&E cable is
100 m. For an outdoor PI, the maximum length of the P&E cable is 70 m.
An 8-core P&E cable is used by an OptiX RTN 900 to transmit GE electrical signals and
-48 V power signals through its P&E port to an OptiX RTN 380.
NOTICE
l A P&E port is a Huawei-defined PoE port. A 12-core P&E cable must be used with a PI, and
cannot be connected to an RJ45 port of any other equipment. Otherwise, the equipment may
be damaged.
l Cable connectors must be connected to equipment. Otherwise, they are vulnerable to
lightning strikes.
l An 8-core P&E cable must be connected to the P&E port of an OptiX RTN 900 or PI. The
cable must not be connected to an RJ45 port of any other equipment. Otherwise, the
equipment may be damaged. When an 8-core P&E cable is connected to the P&E port of a
PI, the MGMT port of the PI becomes ineffective.
Cable Diagram
Figure 8-4 12-core P&E cable
Label 1
View B
B
Main label
P&E port connected to
an FO
A
MGMT port connected to a PI
Label 2
H.S. tube
Label 1: P&E
Label 2: MGMT
View C
View A
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8 Cables
Label 1
Label 1: P&E
View B
View A
Pin Assignments
Table 8-3 Pin assignments for P&E cables
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Connector
X1
Connector
X2/X3
Color
Signal
Function
Relationsh
ip
X1.1
X2.1
White/
Orange
BIDA+/
BGND
Bidirectional
data wire A
(+)/Power
ground (0 V)
Twisted pair
X1.2
X2.2
Orange
BIDA-/
BGND
Bidirectional
data wire A
(-)/Power
ground (0 V)
X1.3
X2.3
White/Green
BIDB+/-48
V
Bidirectional
data wire B
(+)/Power
signal (-48
V)
X1.4
X2.6
Green
BIDB-/-48 V Bidirectional
data wire B
(-)/Power
signal (-48
V)
Twisted pair
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8 Cables
Connector
X1
Connector
X2/X3
Color
Signal
Function
Relationsh
ip
X1.5
X2.4
Blue
BIDC+/
BGND
Bidirectional
data wire C
(+)/Power
ground (0 V)
Twisted pair
X1.6
X2.5
White/Blue
BIDC-/
BGND
Bidirectional
data wire C
(-)/Power
ground (0 V)
X1.7
X2.7
White/
Brown
BIDD+/-48
V
Bidirectional
data wire D
(+)/Power
signal (-48
V)
X1.8
X2.8
Brown
BIDD-/-48 V
Bidirectional
data wire D
(-)/Power
signal (-48
V)
X1.9 (only
for 12-core
P&E cables)
X3.1 (only
for 12-core
P&E cables)
Red/Orange
TX+
Transmitting
data (+)
X1.10 (only
for 12-core
P&E cables)
X3.2 (only
for 12-core
P&E cables)
Orange
TX-
Transmitting
data (-)
X1.11 (only
for 12-core
P&E cables)
X3.3 (only
for 12-core
P&E cables)
Red/Green
RX+
Receiving
data (+)
X1.12 (only
for 12-core
P&E cables)
X3.6 (only
for 12-core
P&E cables)
Green
RX-
Receiving
data (-)
Shield layer
Shield layer
Twisted pair
Twisted pair
Twisted pair
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Cable Diagram
Figure 8-6 OptiX RTN 380 PGND cable
1
1500 mm
Cable Diagram
Figure 8-7 Indoor-PI PGND cable
Main label
1
1500 mm
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8 Cables
Cable Diagram
Figure 8-9 RSSI cable
Main label
H.S. tube
View A
Tin
W
Connected to
a multimeter
testing RSSI
Pin Assignments
An RSSI cable uses two cores to detect level signals.
Table 8-4 Pin assignments for RSSI cables
Pin
Signal
Ground signal
Fiber Diagram
Figure 8-10 Optical fiber (Single-mode)
Yellow
Identifier
DLC/UPC
DLC/UPC
Junction implement
(With glue)(Black)
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Blue
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8 Cables
Orange
DLC/PC
Identifier
Junction implement
(With glue)(Black)
Gray
DLC/PC
NOTE
Technical Specifications
Table 8-5 Technical specifications of optical fibers
Connector Type
Fiber Parameter
DLC/UPC
DLC/PC
Optical fibers are available in 10 lengths, ranging from 10 meters to 150 meters. Select optical
fibers of appropriate lengths based on transmission distances.
Optical fibers for 1+1 cascade ports are available in only one length, 2 meters. You can use
optical fibers of appropriate lengths if the length cannot meet onsite requirements.
NOTICE
If outdoor PIs are connected to indoor equipment, the indoor equipment must have surge
protection capabilities. If the indoor equipment does not have surge protection capabilities, the
PIs should be installed indoors for surge protection and easy maintenance.
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8 Cables
Two types of interfaces use RJ45 connectors: medium dependent interfaces (MDIs) and medium
dependent interface crossovers (MDI-Xs). MDIs are used by terminal equipment (for example,
network cards) and their pin assignments are provided in Table 8-6. MDI-Xs are used by network
equipment and their pin assignments are provided in Table 8-7.
Table 8-6 Pin assignments for MDIs
Pin
10/100BASE-T(X)
1000BASE-T
Signal
Function
Signal
Function
TX+
BIDA+
TX-
BIDA-
RX+
BIDB+
Reserved
BIDC+
Reserved
BIDC-
RX-
BIDB-
Reserved
BIDD+
Reserved
BIDD-
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
10/100BASE-T(X)
1000BASE-T
Signal
Function
Signal
Function
RX+
BIDB+
RX-
BIDB-
TX+
BIDA+
Reserved
BIDD+
119
Pin
8 Cables
10/100BASE-T(X)
1000BASE-T
Signal
Function
Signal
Function
Reserved
BIDD-
TX-
BIDA-
Reserved
BIDC+
Reserved
BIDC-
Straight-through cables are used between MDIs and MDI-Xs, and crossover cables are used
between MDIs or between MDI-Xs. The only difference between straight-through cables and
crossover cables is with regard to their pin assignments.
The network management system (NMS) ports and GE electrical ports of PIs support the MDI,
MDI-X, and auto-MDI/MDI-X modes. Straight-through cables and crossover cables can be used
to connect NMS ports and GE electrical ports to MDIs or MDI-Xs. Straight-through cables are
recommended if network cables are made onsite.
Cable Diagram
Figure 8-12 Network cable
1
Label 2
Pin Assignments
Table 8-8 Pin assignments for straight-through cables
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Connector X1
Connector X2
Color
Relationship
X1.1
X2.1
White/Orange
Twisted pair
X1.2
X2.2
Orange
X1.3
X2.3
White/Green
X1.6
X2.6
Green
Twisted pair
120
8 Cables
Connector X1
Connector X2
Color
Relationship
X1.4
X2.4
Blue
Twisted pair
X1.5
X2.5
White/Blue
X1.7
X2.7
White/Brown
X1.8
X2.8
Brown
Twisted pair
Braided shield
Connector X2
Color
Relationship
X1.1
X2.3
White/Green
Twisted pair
X1.2
X2.6
Green
X1.3
X2.1
White/Orange
X1.6
X2.2
Orange
X1.4
X2.4
Blue
X1.5
X2.5
White/Blue
X1.7
X2.7
White/Brown
X1.8
X2.8
Brown
Twisted pair
Twisted pair
Twisted pair
Braided shield
NOTE
When an outdoor power injector (PI) is installed indoors or connects to a personal computer, you can use
a network cable without the braided shield.
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
121
A Appendix
Appendix
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
122
A Appendix
Loopback Capability
Microwave port
GE port
CPRI port
l Inloops
l Outloops
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
123
A Appendix
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
124
A Appendix
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
125
A Appendix
PIs
Figure A-4 Indoor PI
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
126
A Appendix
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
127
A Appendix
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
128
A Appendix
Hybrid Coupler
Figure A-7 Hybrid coupler
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
129
A Appendix
Optical Splitter
Figure A-8 Optical splitter (exterior)
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
130
A Appendix
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
131
A Appendix
Cables
Figure A-11 P&E cable (12 cores)
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
132
A Appendix
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
133
A Appendix
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Standard
Description
ITU-R F.1093
Effects of multipath propagation on the design and operation of lineof-sight digital fixed wireless systems
ITU-R F.1094
ITU-R F.1102
ITU-R F.1191
ITU-R F.1565
ITU-R F.1605
ITU-R F.1668
Error performance objectives for real digital fixed wireless links used
in 27 500 km hypothetical reference paths and connections
ITU-R F.1703
ITU-R F.592
ITU-R F.746
ITU-R F.752
ITU-R F.758
ITU-R SM.329
ITU-R P.525
ITU-R P.530
ITU-R P.676
ITU-R P.837
ITU-R P.838
ITU-R P.836
ITU-R F.5B313
134
A Appendix
Standard
Description
ITU-R F.2107
ITU-R SM.328
ITU-R SM.1045
ITU-R SM.1539-1
ITU-R SM.1541
ITU-R F.1519
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Standard
Description
ITU-T G.8011
ITU-T G.8011.1
ITU-T G.8011.2
ITU-T G.8261
ITU-T G.8262
ITU-T G.8264
ITU-T G.8032
ITU-T G.8012
ITU-T Y.1730
ITU-T Y.1731
ITU-T G.8010
135
A Appendix
Standard
Description
ITU-T G.8021
ITU-T Y.1291
ITU-T G.8040
ITU-T K.20
Resistibility of telecommunication
equipment installed in a telecommunications
centre to overvoltages and overcurrents
ITU-T K.21
Resistibility of telecommunication
equipment installed in customer premises to
overvoltages and overcurrents
ITU-T K.27
ITU-T K.41
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Standard
Description
136
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
A Appendix
Standard
Description
ETSI EN 300
019-1-1 (Class 1.2)
ETSI EN 300
019-1-2 (Class 2.3)
ETSI EN 300
019-1-3 (Indoor Unit
Class 3.2)
ETSI EN 300
019-1-4 (Outdoor
Unit Class 4.1)
ETSI EN 300
019-2-1
ETSI EN 300
019-2-2
ETSI EN 300
019-2-4
ETSI EN 301
126-3-1
137
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
A Appendix
Standard
Description
Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview and systemindependent common characteristics
ETSI EN 302
217-2-1
Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 2-1: System-dependent
requirements for digital systems operating in frequency bands where
frequency co-ordination is applied
ETSI EN 302
217-2-2
Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 2-2: Harmonized EN covering
essential requirements of Article 3.2 of R&TTE Directive for digital
systems operating in frequency bands where frequency co-ordination
is applied
Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 3: Equipment operating in
frequency bands where both frequency coordinated or uncoordinated
deployment might be applied;Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive
ETSI EN 302
217-4-1
Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 4-1: System-dependent
requirements for antennas
ETSI EN 302
217-4-2
Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-topoint equipment and antennas; Part 4-2: Antennas; Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE
Directive
138
A Appendix
Standard
Description
Description
ERC/REC 74-01
ECC/REC/(05)07
ECC/REC/(02)05
Unwanted emissions
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Standard
Description
IEC 60154-1
IEC 60154-2
IEC 60154-3
IEC 60154-4
IEC 60154-6
IEC 60154-7
IEC 60153-1
139
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
A Appendix
Standard
Description
IEC 60153-2
IEC 60153-3
IEC 60153-4
IEC 60153-6
IEC 60153-7
IEC 60215
IEC 60529
IEC 60825
IEC 60950-1
IEC 60950-22
IEC 60657
IEC 60297
IEC 60529
IEC 61000-4-2
IEC 61000-4-3
IEC 61000-4-4
IEC 61000-4-5
140
A Appendix
Standard
Description
IEC 61000-4-6
IEC 61000-4-29
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Standard
Description
RFC 791
Internet Protocol
RFC 2819
RFC 1661
RFC 1662
RFC 2615
draft-ietf-l2vpn-oam-reqfrmk-05
draft-ietf-l2vpn-signaling-08
RFC 4664
RFC 3289
RFC 3644
RFC 3670
RFC 2212
RFC 2474
RFC 2475
RFC 2597
RFC 3140
141
A Appendix
Standard
Description
RFC 3246
STD 0062
Description
IEEE 802.1D
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.1Q
IEEE 802.1ag
IEEE 802.3ah
IEEE 802.3x
IEEE 1588v2
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
Standard
Description
EN 50289
EN 50392
EN 62311
142
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
A Appendix
Standard
Description
EN 50383
EN 50385
EN 55022
EN 55024
EN 41003
EN 60215
EN 60825-1
EN 60825-2
EN 60950-1
EN 60950-22
EN 60529
EN 61000-3-2
EN 61000-3-3
EN 61000-4-2
CENELEC. EMC Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test
EN 61000-4-3
CENELEC. EMC Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity
test.
143
Issue 01 (2013-11-30)
A Appendix
Standard
Description
EN 61000-4-4
CENELEC. EMC Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test.
EN 61000-4-5
CENELEC. EMC Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 5: Surge Immunity test.
EN 61000-4-6
CENELEC. EMC Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio
frequency field.
AF-PHY-0086.001
AF-TM-0121.000
MEF2
MEF4
MEF10
MEF9
MEF14
CISPR 22(2010)
CISPR 24(2010)
CPRI
144
B Glossary
Glossary
Numerics
3G
A
ABR
ACAP
ACL
AF
AIS
AM
ARP
ASBR
ATPC
Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP)
An Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. The ARP protocol
enables hosts and routers to determine link layer addresses through ARP requests and
responses. The address resolution is a process by which the host converts the target IP
address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame. The basic function of
ARP is to use the target equipment's IP address to query its MAC address.
A list of entities, together with their access rights, which are authorized to access a
resource.
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145
B Glossary
adaptive modulation
(AM)
A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to the
channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment uses a highefficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrum
utilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment uses the
low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the link
that carries high-priority services.
adjacent channel
alternate polarization
(ACAP)
air interface
The interface between the cellular phone set or wireless modem (usually portable or
mobile) and the active base station.
alarm suppression
A method to suppress alarms for the alarm management purpose. Alarms that are
suppressed are no longer reported from NEs.
A router that can belong to more than two areas of which one area must be a backbone
area.
assured forwarding
(AF)
One of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by the Diff-Serv workgroup of IETF.
It is suitable for certain key data services that require assured bandwidth and short delay.
For traffic within the bandwidth limit, AF assures quality in forwarding. For traffic that
exceeds the bandwidth limit, AF degrades the service class and continues to forward the
traffic instead of discarding the packets.
automatic transmit
A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal detected
power control (ATPC) at the receiver
autonomous system
boundary router
(ASBR)
B
BE
BIOS
backup
bandwidth
baseband
A form of modulation in which the information is applied directly onto the physical
transmission medium.
basic input/output
system (BIOS)
Firmware stored on the computer motherboard that contains basic input/output control
programs, power-on self test (POST) programs, bootstraps, and system setting
information. The BIOS provides hardware setting and control functions for the computer.
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146
B Glossary
A traditional IP packet transport service. In this service, the diagrams are forwarded
following the sequence of the time they reach. All diagrams share the bandwidth of the
network and routers. The amount of resource that a diagram can use depends of the time
it reaches. BE service does not ensure any improvement in delay time, jitter, packet loss
ratio, and high reliability.
blacklist
A method of filtering packets based on their source IP addresses. Compared with ACL,
the match condition for the black list is much simpler. Therefore, the black list can filter
packets at a higher speed and can effectively screen the packet sent from the specific IP
address.
bridge
A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them. Bridges
operate at the physical network level. Bridges differ from repeaters because bridges store
and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward all electrical signals. Bridges
differ from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while routers use IP
addresses.
broadcast
burst
A process of forming data into a block of the proper size, uninterruptedly sending the
block in a fast operation, waiting for a long time, and preparing for the next fast sending.
C
CC
CCDP
CSES
CSMA/CD
A transmitting data station that detects another signal while transmitting a frame,
stops transmitting that frame, transmits a jam signal, and then waits for a random
time interval before trying to send that frame again.
chain network
One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after one to be in series.
channel spacing
co-channel dual
polarization (CCDP)
A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical
polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization has twice
the transmission capacity of the single polarization.
congestion
management
A flow control measure to solve the problem of network resource competition. When
the network congestion occurs, it places packets into the queue for buffer and determines
the packet forwarding order.
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147
B Glossary
D
DCC
DCN
DD
database description
DM
DRDB
DSCP
data communication
network (DCN)
data communications
channel (DCC)
The data channel that uses the D1-D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal to
transmit information on the operation, management, maintenance, and provisioning
(OAM&P) between NEs. The DCC channel composed of bytes D1-D3 is referred to as
the 192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channel composed of bytes D4-D12 is
referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel.
delay measurement
(DM)
The time elapsed since the start of transmission of the first bit of the frame by a source
node until the reception of the last bit of the loopbacked frame by the same source node,
when the loopback is performed at the frame's destination node.
dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to simultaneously radiate or receive two independent radio waves
orthogonally polarized.
E
E-LAN
E-Line
E1
ECC
EF
EMC
ERPS
ES
errored second
ESD
electrostatic discharge
ETS
ETSI
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148
B Glossary
European
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
(ETSI)
A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.
electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC)
embedded control
channel (ECC)
A logical channel that uses a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer
to enable the transmission of operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM)
information between NEs.
expedited forwarding
(EF)
The highest order QoS in the Diff-Serv network. EF PHB is suitable for services that
demand low packet loss ratio, short delay, and broad bandwidth. In all the cases, EF
traffic can guarantee a transmission rate equal to or faster than the set rate. The DSCP
value of EF PHB is "101110".
extended ID
The number of the subnet to which an NE belongs, used to identify different network
segments in a wide area network (WAN). Together, the ID and extended ID form the
physical ID of the NE.
extended NE ID
F
FEC
FIFO
FPGA
FTP
field programmable
gate array (FPGA)
first in first out (FIFO) A stack management method in which data that is stored first in a queue is also read and
invoked first.
flooding
A type of incident, such as insertion of a large volume of data, that results in denial of
service.
forward error
correction (FEC)
A bit error correction technology that adds correction information to the payload at the
transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during
transmission can be corrected at the receive end.
G
GNE
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B Glossary
gateway
A device that connects two network segments using different protocols. It is used to
translate the data in the two network segments.
gateway network
element (GNE)
H
HSDPA
HUAWEI Electronic
Document Explorer
(HedEx)
The software used to view, search for, and upgrade electronic documentation of Huawei
products. HedEx, pronounced as [hediks], has two editions, HedEx Lite and HedEx
Server.
HedEx
I
ICMP
IDU
IEEE
IP
Internet Protocol
IP address
A 32-bit (4-byte) binary number that uniquely identifies a host connected to the Internet.
An IP address is expressed in dotted decimal notation, consisting of the decimal values
of its 4 bytes, separated with periods; for example, 127.0.0.1. The first three bytes of the
IP address identify the network to which the host is connected, and the last byte identifies
the host itself.
IPv4
IPv6
ISO
ITU
Institute of Electrical
and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE)
International
Telecommunication
Union (ITU)
A United Nations agency, one of the most important and influential recommendation
bodies, responsible for recommending standards for telecommunication (ITU-T) and
radio networks (ITU-R).
Internet Control
Message Protocol
(ICMP)
A network layer protocol that provides message control and error reporting between a
host server and an Internet gateway.
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150
B Glossary
Internet Protocol
version 4 (IPv4)
The current version of the Internet Protocol (IP). IPv4 utilizes a 32bit address which is
assigned to hosts. An address belongs to one of five classes (A, B, C, D, or E) and is
written as 4 octets separated by periods and may range from 0.0.0.0 through to
255.255.255.255. Each IPv4 address consists of a network number, an optional
subnetwork number, and a host number. The network and subnetwork numbers together
are used for routing, and the host number is used to address an individual host within the
network or subnetwork.
Internet Protocol
version 6 (IPv6)
An update version of IPv4, which is designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) and is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). It is a new version of the Internet
Protocol. The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits while
an IPv6 address has 128 bits.
J
jitter
The measure of short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and
control system instability.
L
L2VPN
LACP
LAG
LAN
LB
See loopback.
LBM
LBR
LCT
LM
LOS
LSA
link-state advertisement
LSDB
LT
linktrace
LTM
LTR
Layer 2 switching
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Link Aggregation
Control Protocol
(LACP)
B Glossary
A dynamic link aggregation protocol that improves the transmission speed and
reliability. The two ends of the link send LACP packets to inform each other of their
parameters and form a logical aggregation link. After the aggregation link is formed,
LACP maintains the link status in real time and dynamically adjusts the ports on the
aggregation link upon detecting the failure of a physical port.
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link
(LAG)
aggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it were
a single link.
linktrace message
(LTM)
The message sent by the initiator MEP of 802.1ag MAC Trace to the destination MEP.
LTM includes the Time to Live (TTL) and the MAC address of the destination MEP2.
For 802.1ag MAC Trace, the destination MEP replies with a response message to the
source MEP after the destination MEP receives the LTM, and the response message is
called LTR. LTR also includes the TTL that equals the result of the TTL of LTM minus
1.
A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square
kilometers or within a single building, featuring high speed and low error rate. Current
LANs are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and run at 1,000
Mbit/s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
loopback (LB)
A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the
signal or message can be analyzed for errors. The loopback can be a inloop or outloop.
loopback message
(LBM)
The loopback packet sent by the node that supports 802.2ag MAC Ping to the destination
node. LBM message carries its own sending time.
A response message involved in the 802.2ag MAC Ping function, with which the
destination MEP replies to the source MEP after the destination MEP receives the LBM.
The LBR carries the sending time of LBM, the receiving time of LBM and the sending
time of LBR.
loss measurement (LM) A method used to collect counter values applicable for ingress and egress service frames
where the counters maintain a count of transmitted and received data frames between a
pair of MEPs.
loss of signal (LOS)
M
MA
maintenance association
MAC
MAC address
MD
MDI
ME
maintenance entity
MEP
MIB
MIP
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B Glossary
MP
maintenance point
MPLS
MSTP
MTBF
MTTR
MTU
A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of the
data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connecting
the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocol
checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain control
information is added to the data, and then the data and the control information are
transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MAC
protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmitted
correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the control
information is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer.
Multiple Spanning
Tree Protocol (MSTP)
A protocol that can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocks
redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this case,
the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network. The
protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning trees. This
solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN because in STP/
RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.
Multiprotocol Label
Switching (MPLS)
A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link
layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of
IP routing and control protocols.
maintenance domain
(MD)
The network or the part of the network for which connectivity is managed by connectivity
fault management (CFM). The devices in a maintenance domain are managed by a single
Internet service provider (ISP).
management
A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It
information base (MIB) comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as
routers and switches) in a network.
maximum transmission The largest packet of data that can be transmitted on a network. MTU size varies,
unit (MTU)
depending on the network576 bytes on X.25 networks, for example, 1500 bytes on
Ethernet, and 17,914 bytes on 16 Mbit/s token ring. Responsibility for determining the
size of the MTU lies with the link layer of the network. When packets are transmitted
across networks, the path MTU, or PMTU, represents the smallest packet size (the one
that all networks can transmit without breaking up the packet) among the networks
involved.
mean time between
failures (MTBF)
The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.
microwave
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with much longer wavelengths than infrared
radiation, typically above about 1 mm.
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multicast
B Glossary
A process of transmitting data packets from one source to many destinations. The
destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address
ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast
group rather than a host.
N
NAS
NE
network element
NE Explorer
The main operation interface of the NMS, which is used to manage the
telecommunication equipment. In the NE Explorer, a user can query, manage, and
maintain NEs, boards, and ports.
NTP
network segment
Part of a network on which all message traffic is common to all nodes; that is, a message
broadcast from one node on the segment is received by all other nodes on the segment.
network storm
O
OAM
ODF
ODU
OSPF
A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing that uses
cost as its routing metric. A link state database is constructed of the network topology,
which is identical on all routers in the area.
operation,
administration and
maintenance (OAM)
A set of network management functions that cover fault detection, notification, location,
and repair.
P
P2P
PBS
PDU
PHB
PLL
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
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B Glossary
PPPoE
PRBS
PSN
PTP
packet loss
The discarding of data packets in a network when a device is overloaded and cannot
accept any incoming data at a given moment.
packet switched
network (PSN)
A parameter that defines the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum burst IP
packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate.
per-hop behavior
(PHB)
phase-locked loop
(PLL)
A circuit that consists essentially of a phase detector that compares the frequency of a
voltage-controlled oscillator with that of an incoming carrier signal or referencefrequency generator. The output of the phase detector, after passing through a loop filter,
is fed back to the voltage-controlled oscillator to keep it exactly in phase with the
incoming or reference frequency.
physical layer
Layer 1 in the Open System Interconnection (OSI) architecture; the layer that provides
services to transmit bits or groups of bits over a transmission link between open systems
and which entails electrical, mechanical and handshaking.
point-to-point service
(P2P)
A service between two terminal users. In P2P services, senders and recipients are
terminal users.
polarization
A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or
rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is
perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically
polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the
plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if the
tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this
electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.
policy
A set of rules that are applied when the conditions for triggering an event are met.
pseudo random binary A sequence that is random in the sense that the value of each element is independent of
sequence (PRBS)
the values of any of the other elements, similar to a real random sequence.
Q
QPSK
QoS
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B Glossary
quadrature phase shift A modulation method of data transmission through the conversion or modulation and
keying (QPSK)
the phase determination of the reference signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period
or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses four dots in the star diagram. The four dots are
evenly distributed on a circle. On these phases, each QPSK character can perform twobit coding and display the codes in Gray code on graph with the minimum BER.
quality of service (QoS) A commonly-used performance indicator of a telecommunication system or channel.
Depending on the specific system and service, it may relate to jitter, delay, packet loss
ratio, bit error ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio. It functions to measure the quality of the
transmission system and the effectiveness of the services, as well as the capability of a
service provider to meet the demands of users.
R
RADIUS
RADIUS
authentication
An authentication mode in which the BRAS sends the user name and the password to
the RADIUS server by using the RADIUS protocol. The RADIUS server authenticates
the user, and then returns the result to the BRAS.
RDI
RED
RF
RFC
RMON
RNC
RSL
RSSI
RTN
Remote Authentication A security service that authenticates and authorizes dial-up users and is a centralized
Dial In User Service
access control mechanism. RADIUS uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as its
(RADIUS)
transmission protocol to ensure real-time quality. RADIUS also supports the
retransmission and multi-server mechanisms to ensure good reliability.
Request For Comments A document in which a standard, a protocol, or other information pertaining to the
(RFC)
operation of the Internet is published. The RFC is actually issued, under the control of
the IAB, after discussion and serves as the standard. RFCs can be obtained from sources
such as InterNIC.
radio frequency (RF)
radio network
controller (RNC)
A device in a radio network subsystem that is in charge of controlling the usage and
integrity of radio resources.
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B Glossary
random early detection A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according
(RED)
to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP synchronization
resulting from traditional tail drop can be prevented.
received signal level
(RSL)
received signal strength The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the
indicator (RSSI)
receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD
within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna
receiver sensitivity
The minimum acceptable value of mean received power at point Rn (a reference point
at an input to a receiver optical connector) to achieve a 1x10-12 BER when the FEC is
enabled.
route
The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. Routes can change
dynamically.
routing table
A mapping table that stores the relationship between the original address, destination
address, SMS protocol type, and account. The SMSC delivers an SMS message to the
designated account according to the information in the routing table.
S
SD
SF
SFP
SNMP
SNR
SPF
SSL
SSM
A security protocol that works at a socket level. This layer exists between the TCP layer
and the application layer to encrypt/decode data and authenticate concerned entities.
Simple Network
Management Protocol
(SNMP)
A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify
the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the
transmission of management information between any two points. The polling
mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which
can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the
network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control
information about each device is maintained by a management information block.
Synchronization Status A message that carries the quality levels of timing signals on a synchronous timing link.
Message (SSM)
SSM messages provide upstream clock information to nodes on an SDH network or
synchronization network.
service flow
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B Glossary
shaping
A signal indicating that associated data has degraded in the sense that a degraded defect
condition is active.
A signal indicating that associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect
condition (non-degrade defect) is active.
signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR)
The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a
given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and
is usually expressed in dB.
single-polarized
antenna
An antenna intended to radiate or receive radio waves with only one specified
polarization.
subnet mask
The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are
destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the device and is matched
with the IP address.
T
TCP/IP
TD-SCDMA
tail drop
A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded when
the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide
synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.
tolerance
traffic classification
A function that enables you to classify traffic into different classes with different
priorities according to some criteria. Each class of traffic has a specified QoS in the entire
network. In this way, different traffic packets can be treated differently.
traffic shaping
A way of controlling the network traffic from a computer to optimize or guarantee the
performance and minimize the delay. It actively adjusts the output speed of traffic in the
scenario that the traffic matches network resources provided by the lower layer devices,
avoiding packet loss and congestion.
U
UAS
unavailable second
UAT
UDP
UNI
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User Datagram
Protocol (UDP)
B Glossary
A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a
datagram to an application program on another. UDP uses IP to deliver datagrams. UDP
provides application programs with the unreliable connectionless packet delivery
service. That is, UDP messages may be lost, duplicated, delayed, or delivered out of
order. The destination device does not actively confirm whether the correct data packet
is received.
unavailable time event An event that is reported when the monitored object generates 10 consecutive severely
(UAT)
errored seconds.
unicast
user-to-network
interface (UNI)
The interface between user equipment and private or public network equipment (for
example, ATM switches).
V
VB
virtual bridge
VLAN
VM
virtual memory
W
WEEE
WRED
WRR
WTR
Web LCT
The number of minutes to wait before services are switched back to the working line.
weighted random early A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCP
detection (WRED)
synchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-priority
packet when calculating the packet loss ratio.
window
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