AS Biology Topic 1 Circulation

Q1.
Mammals have a _____________ circulation. This means that the blood does two loops
for every complete circuit of the blood vessels. The advantages are:

* oxygenated and _______________ blood do not mix

* blood can be pumped to the body under _________ pressure
* blood can be pumped to the lungs under __________ pressure
This means that more oxygen can be delivered to the cells of the body.
Mammals have a

circulation. This means that the blood does two loops for every complete circuit of the blood

Double

vessels. The advantages are: * oxygenated and

blood do not mix * blood can be pumped to the body

Deoxygenated

under

pressure * blood can be pumped to the lungs under

High

pressure This means that more oxygen can

Low

be delivered to the cells of the body.

Q2.

Large organisms need ________ transport systems because they are too big to rely
on diffusion. As the size of an organism increases its __________________ to volume
ratio decreases. This means that the rate of _______________ slows down.
Large organisms need

transport systems because they are too big to rely on diffusion. As the size of an organism

Mass

increases its

to volume ratio decreases. This means that the rate of

Surface area

slows down.

Diffusion

Q3.

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood ________ from the heart. As the blood
inside them is under _______ pressure the walls of arteries are __________ than veins.
The space inside the arteries where the blood flows is called the _________. There is
a layer of cells that is in contact with the blood called the ____________. The three
main layers of the artery wall are called the Tunica ___________, the ________ media
and the tunica _________.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood

from the heart. As the blood inside them is under

Aw ay

walls of arteries are

pressure the

High

than veins. The space inside the arteries where the blood flows is called the

Thicker

. There

Lumen

is a layer of cells that is in contact with the blood called the

. The three main layers of the artery wall are called the

Endothelium

Tunica

, the

Intima

media and the tunica

Tunica

Adventitia

Q4.

Veins carry _____________ blood back to the heart. The only exception is the
___________ vein. The veins have a very ________ lumen to allow blood to flow easily.
The walls of the vein are much __________ than the walls of the arteries. The veins
have __________ to prevent the backflow of _________.
Veins carry

blood back to the heart. The only exception is the

Deoxygena

lumen to allow blood to flow easily. The walls of the vein are much

than the walls of the arteries. The veins

Thinner

have

to prevent the backflow of

Valves

vein. The veins have a very

Pulmonary

Blood

Large