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Guided vehicle
Mr. Manish Dubey, Abhishek Saxena and Swetank Mishra
Electrical and Electronics department
S.R.M.S.C.E.T, Bareilly, India
abhishekdgenious@gmail.com, swetank.mishra9211@gmail.com
System,
I. INTRODUCTION
Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are known to increase
the efficiency of production and reduce costs in a
manufacturing process. The first AGV was developed by
Barett Electronics in 1953. It can tow objects behind them in
trailers to which they can autonomously attach. These trailers
can be used to move raw materials or finished goods. The
AGV can also store objects on a bed. The objects can be placed
on a set of motorized rollers (conveyor) and then pushed off by
reversing them. AGVs are almost used in every industry. An
Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a set of cooperative
driverless vehicle, used on manufacturing floor and
coordinated by a centralized or distributed computer-based
control system. Moreover there is a growing scientific interest
on the development of small, cheap and modular systems
endowed with distributed control systems based on low
consumption and easy to modify electronics.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Controlling Unit
As the name indicates this unit has the overall command of all
blocks or this unit decides when to use & which unit has to be
used. Since it is a programmable device it provides the facility
to update the device without changes in hardware & it also
reduces the hardware required to implement the circuit. The
controlling unit comprises of an Atmega16 microcontroller,
which is a 40-pin IC and belongs to the ATMEL Mega
category of AVR family. It is the central unit, which
comprises of a program inserted by the user in the form of a
hex code. This program is responsible for providing a specific
output under the influence of a specific input or operating
conditions.
2.
Sensing Unit
3.
Actuating Unit
.
The schematic diagram of the transmitter and receiver of a GPS
module is shown below,
IV.
WORKING ALGORITHM
In our prototype of the AGV, we have used a pair of
sensors, placed at the bottom, sensing the black and white track
on the floor, named as left and right sensor.
Therefore the number of conditions = 4
TABLE I
COMBINATION OF 2 IR SENSORS
IR1
0
1
0
1
IR2
0
0
1
1
V.
REQUIRED NUMBER OF AGVS
There is a mathematical analysis, which can be used to extract
the number of AGVs to be employed in an organization to
perform the tasks, which becomes a mandatory study.
The following notations are used:
D1 = Average travel distance (Loaded) dd
D2 = Average Travel distance (Empty) dc
N1 = Number of deliveries required per hour. ndr
T.F = Traffic factor that accounts for blocking of vehicles
and waiting of vehicles in line and at intersection.
Under no congestion stage, the traffic factor is 1. However,
when more vehicles are involved, the traffic factor value will
certainly be less than 1. Normally, T.F lies between 0.85 and 1.
v = Vehicle speed.
T3 = Loading and unloading time.
The total time per delivery per vehicle (T4) is given by the
sum of loaded travel time, empty travel time, loading and
unloading time, as follows:
T4= D1 / v + T3 + D2 / v
Number of deliveries per vehicle per hour
N2 = 60 T.F / T4
Number of automated guided vehicles = N1 / N2
Thus, we can get an approximate value of the vehicles needed
in an organization with the given constraints.
VI.
CONCLUSION
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