PediatricsMnemonics

Gastroschisis:usuallocationGasTRoscHIsis
usuallyoccursonthe
RIGHTsideoftheumbilicus.
(Unscrambletheletters).

Milkprotein:womenvs.cowsWoman:Whey
(mostly)
Cow:Casein(mostly)

Shortstature:differentialABCDEFG:
Alone(neglectedinfant)
Bonedysplasias(rickets,scoliosis,mucopolysaccharidoses)
Chromosomal(Turner's,Down's)
Delayedgrowth
Endocrine(lowgrowthhormone,Cushing's,hypothyroid)
Familial
GImalabsorption(celiac,Crohn's)

Breastfeeding:contraindicateddrugsBREAST:
Bromocriptine/Benzodiazepines
Radioactiveisotopes/Rizatriptan
Ergotamine/Ethosuximide
Amiodarone/Amphetamines
Stimulantlaxatives/Sexhormones
Tetracycline/Tretinoin

PaediatrichistorytakingBeginwithstandardthings:
patientname,presentingcomplaint,historyofpresentingcomplaintandpast
medicalhistory.
ThenaskBIFIDA:
Birthdetailsandproblems
Immunisations
Feeding
Infection,exposureto
Development,normalityof
Allergies
Endbycustomaryreviewoftherestofthestandardthings:medications,
familyhistoryandsocialhistory.

APGARscorecomponentsAPGAR:
Appearance:cyanosisperipheral,central,none
Pulse:pulserate
Grimace:responsetostimulation
Activity:movementofthebaby(muscletone)
Respiration:respiratoryrate

BeckwithWidemannsyndrome:featuresHOMO:
Hypoglycemia
Omphalocel
Macroglossia/Macrosomia
Organomegaly

Neonatalresuscitation:successivesteps"DoWhat
PediatriciansSayTo,OrBeInviting

CostlyMalpractice":
Drying
Warming
Positioning
Suctioning
Tactilestimulation
Oxygen
Bagging
Intubateendotracheally
Chestcompressions
Medications

APGARscorecomponentsFiveB's:
Breathing(respiratoryeffort)
Beating(heartrate)
Buff(tone)
Bothered(responsetostimulation)
Blue(cyanosis)

Cysticfibrosis:exacerbationofpulmonaryinfectionCF
PANCREAS:
Cough(increaseinintensityandfrequentspells)
Fever(usuallylowgrade,unlessseverebronchopneumoniaispresent)
Pulmonaryfunctiondeterioration
Appetitedecrease
Nutrition,weightloss
CBC(leukocytosiswithleftshift)
Radiograph(increaseoveraeration,peribronchialthickening,mucus
plugging)
Exam(ralesorwheezinginpreviouslyclearareas,tachypnea,
retractions)
Activity(decreased,impairedexerciseintolerance,increased
absenteeism)
Sputum(becomesdarker,thicker,andmoreabundant,formingplugs)

Pyloricstenosis(congential):presentationPyloric
stenosisis3P's:
Palpablemass
Paristalsisvisible
Projectilevomiting(24weeksafterbirth)

Cyanoticheartdiseases:5types5T's:
TetralogyofFallot
Transpositionofthegreatarteries
Truncusarteriosus
Tricuspidatresia,pulmonaryaTresia
Totalanomalouspulmonaryvenousdrainage

Breastfeeding:benefitsABCDEFGH:
Infant:
Allergicconditionreduced
Bestfoodforinfant
Closerelationshipwithmother
DevelopmentofIQ,jaws,mouth
Mother:
Econmical
Fitness:quickreturntoprepregnancybodyshape
Guardsagainstcancer:breast,ovary,uterus
Hemorrhage(postpartum)reduced

PerezreflexElicitingthePErEzreflexwill
makethebabyPEE.

WAGRsyndrome:componentsWAGR:
Wilm'stumor
Aniridia
Gentialabnormalities
Mentalretardation

Haematuria:differentialinchildrenABCDEFGHIJK:
Anatomy(cysts,etc)
Bladder(cystitis)
Cancer(Wilm'stumour)
Drugrelated(cyclophosphamide)
Exerciseinduced
Factitious(Munchausenbyproxy)
Glomerulonephritis
Haematology(bleedingdisorder,sicklecell)
Infection(UTI)
InJury(trauma)
Kidneystones(hypercalciuria)

Vitamintoxicities:neonatalExcessvitaminA:Anomalies
(teratogenic)
ExcessvitaminE:Enterocolitis(necrotizingenterocolitis)
ExcessvitaminK:Kernicterus(hemolysis)

Rubella:congenitalsigns"RubberDucky,I'msoblue!"
(likethe"RubberDucky"song):
Rubber:Rubella
Ducky:PatentDuctusArteriosus,VSDandpulmonaryarterystenosis.
I'm:Eyes(cataracts,retinopathy,micropthalmia,glaucoma).
Blue:"BlueberryMuffin"rash(extramedullaryhematopoesisinskin

+purpura)
Also,deafness,growthretardation,andsomemore.

Pediatricmilestonesindevelopment1year:
singlewords
2years:
2wordsentences
understands2stepcommands
3years:
3wordcombos
repeats3digits
ridestricycle
4years:
drawssquare
counts4objects

Williamssyndrome:featuresWILLIAMS:
Weight(lowatbirth,slowtogain)
Iris(stellateiris)
Longphiltrum
Largemouth
IncreasedCa++
Aorticstenosis(andotherstenoses)
Mentalretardation
Swellingaroundeyes(periorbitalpuffiness)

RussellSilversyndrome:featuresABCDEF:
Asymmetriclimb(hemihypertrophy)
Bossing(frontal)
Clinodactyly/Cafeaulaitspots
Dwarf(shortstature)

Excretion(GUmalformation)
Face(triangularface,micrognathia)

Dentition:eruptiontimesofpermanentdentition"Mama
IsInPain,PapaCanMakeMedicine":
1stMolar:6years
1stIncisor:7years
2ndIncisor:8years
1stPremolar:9years
2ndPremolar:10years
Canine:11years
2ndMolar:12years
3rdMolar:1825years

Cyanoticheartdiseases:5typesUseyourfivefingers:
1fingerup:TruncusArteriosus(1vessel)
2fingersup:DextropositionoftheGreatArteries(2vessels
transposed)
3fingersup:TricuspidAtresia(3=Tri)
4fingersup:TetralogyofFallot(4=Tetra)
5fingersup:TotalAnomalousPulmonaryVenousReturn(5=5words)

Cyanoticcongenitalheartdiseases5T's:
Truncusarteriosus
Transpositionofthegreatarteries
Tricuspidatresia
TetrologyofFallot
Totalanomalouspulmonaryvenousreturn

HeadcircumferencewithageRemember3,9,andmultiples
of5:
Newborn35cm
3mos40cm
9mos45cm
3yrs50cm
9yrs55cm

WeightsofchildrenwithageNewborn3kg
6mos6kg(2xbirthwtat6mos)
1yr10kg(3xbirthwtat1yr)
3yrs15kg(oddyrs,add5kguntil11yrs)
5yrs20kg
7yrs25kg
9yrs30kg
11yrs35kg(add10kgthereafter)
13yrs45kg
15yrs55kg
17yrs65kg

HemolyticUremicSyndrome(HUS):components"Rememberto
decreasetheRATEofIVfluidsinthesepatients":
Renalfailure
Anemia(microangiopathic,hemolytic)
Thrombocytopenia
Encephalopathy(TTP)

Cough(chronic):differentialWhencoughinnursery,rock
the"CRADLE":
Cysticfibrosis
Rings,slings,andairwaythings(trachealrings)/Respiratory
infections

Aspiration(swallowingdysfunction,TEfistula,gastroesphagealreflux)
Dyskineticcilia
Lung,airway,andvascularmalformations(tracheomalacia,vocalcord
dysfunction)
Edema(heartfailure)

Cysticfibrosis:presentingsignsCFPANCREAS:
Chroniccoughandwheezing
Failuretothrive
Pancreaticinsufficiency(symptomsofmalabsorptionlikesteatorrhea)
Alkalosisandhypotonicdehydration
Neonatalintestinalobstruction(meconiumileus)/Nasalpolyps
Clubbingoffingers/Chestradiographwithcharacteristicchanges
Rectalprolapse
Electrolyteelevationinsweat,saltyskin
Absenceorcongenitalatresiaofvasdeferens
SputumwithStaphorPseudomonas(mucoid)

SturgeWebersyndrome:hallmarkfeaturesSturgeWeber:
1.Seizures
2.PortWinestain

Guthriecard:diseasesidentifiedwithit"Guthrie
CardsCanHelpPredictBadMetabolism":
Galactosaemia
Cysticfibrosis
Congenitaladrenalhyperplasia
Hypothyroidism
Phenylketonuria
Biotidinasedeficiency
Maplesyrupurinedisease

Croup:symptoms3S's:
Stridor
Subglotticswelling
Sealbarkcough

AtaxiaTelangiectasia(AT):commonsignAT:
Absent
Thymus

Cerebralpalsy(CP):mostlikelycauseCP:Cerebral
Palsy
ChildPremature
Theprematurebrainismorepronetoallthepossibleinsults.

Vacterlsyndrome:componentsVACTERL:
Vertebralanomalies
Anorectalmalformation
Cardiacanomaly
Tracheoesophagealfistula
Exomphalos(akaomphalocele)
Renalanomalies
Limbanomalies

Guthriecard:diseasesidentifiedwithitGUTHRIE:
Galactosaemia
Urine[maplesyrupurinedisease]
THyRoid[hypothyroidism]
InbornErrorsofmetabolism[eg:PKU]

Duodenalatresiavs.Pyloricstenosis:siteofobstruction
DuodenalAtresia:DistaltoAmpullaofvater.
Pyloricstenosis:Proximaltoit.

Bilirubin:phototherapyBiLirUbin
absorbslightmaximallyinthe
BLUerange.

SepticArthritis:mostcommoncauseStaphylococcus
Aureusisthemostcommoncauseof
SepticArthritisinthepediatricpopulation.