COURSE DESCRIPTION

A Course for those who already have basic understanding of the techniques of
ultrasonic inspection and are wanting intensive instruction to improve their
knowledge and increase their experience. The course is suitable for candidates who
are wishing to progress towards any of the examination qualification. The course
has a high practical content, all equipment is provided.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND
This course is opened to all participants, in particular NDT personnel, supervisors,
NDT trainers, contractors and researchers and those who are interested in
Ultrasonic Testing technique.
COURSE CONTENTS :
Prerequisite for this Class is Level I Ultrasonics

SCOPE
This course introduces the basic principles of ultrasonics and prepares the candidate
for Angle Beam Inspections.
This course prepares a candidate to
Select equipment to conduct test
Set Equipment
Steps to conduct test
Calibration
Familiarize with codes and standards
Interpret results with respect to applicable codes and standards
Understand limitation of the test method
Write test reports.
MODULE 1: MANUFACTURING DISCONTINUITIES
Types of Discontinuities: Inherent, Processing and Service
Casting Discontinuities: Hot Tear, Cold Shut, Porosity, Shrinkage
Primary Processing Discontinuities including discontinuities in Rolling,
Forging, Drawing, Extruding
Secondary Processing Discontinuities including discontinuities in Grinding,
Heat Treating, Machining, Welding, Plating
Service Discontinuities:- Erosion, Wear, Fatigue, Corrosion, Creep
MODULE 2: WAVE MODES (Covered in Level I Training)

MODULE 3: ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE (Covered in Level I Training)

MODULE 4: REFRACTION AND REFLECTION (Covered in Level I and II)
Reflection and Refraction
Snells Law
Mode Conversion
First and Second Critical Angle
Creeping Waves
Problems on Mode Conversion
MODULE 5: PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER (Covered in Level I Training)
MODULE 6: PULSER RECEIVER
Calibration of Ultrasonic Equipment - Time and Amplitude Linearity
All other Topics Covered in Level I Training
MODULE 7: ATTENUATION (Covered in Level I Training)
MODULE 8: THICKNESS MEASUREMENT (Covered in Level I Training)
MODULE 9: IMMERSION TESTING (Covered in Level I Training)
MODULE 10: FLAW DETECTION - 0 DEGREE (Covered in Level I Training)
MODULE 11: CALIBRATION BLOCKS
IIW Block Type I
IIW Block Type II
Miniature Angle Beam / Rompass Block
DSC Block
AWS Resolution Block
Step Wedge
Area-Amplitude Block
Distance-Amplitude Block
MODULE 12: ANGLE BEAM INSPECTION
Selection of Screen Range
Measurement of Beam Exit Point
Measurement of Actual Refracted Angle
Calibration using IIW, Rompass and DSC Block
Sensitivity and Resolution
Reference Amplitude
Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC) Curve
Time Corrected Gain (TCG)
Discontinuity Length Sizing using 6 dB and 20 dB drop method

 Discontinuity Evaluation
Selection of Screen Range
Surface Distance, Skip Distance, Depth, Full V Path
Plotting of Discontinuities like Crack, Lack of Fusion, Lack of Penetration, Slag,
Porosity in welds
Worksheet: Plotting of discontinuities for butt welds
MODULE 13: WRITING AN ULTRASONIC PROCEDURE
ASME Section V
Essential Variables
Non Essential Variables
MODULE 14: CODES AND STANDARDS
ASME Section V, Article 4 Weld Examination
AWS D1.1/ASME VIII Div. 1 (Option)
Additional Codes Standards as per students requirements (please discuss this at
the time of registration)
INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TECHNIQUES
Time of Flight Diffraction
Phased Arrays
PRACTICALS
Shear Wave Testing on Pipe Samples with embedded weld defects ID Cracks, OD
Cracks, Slag, Porosity, Lack of Fusion, Lack of Penetration
EXAMINATIONS
General
Specific
Practical
Candidates must score a minimum of 70 % in each test

ULTRASONIC TESTING (UT)

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency sound energy to conduct

examinations and make measurements. Ultrasonic inspection can be used
for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurements, material
characterization, and much more. Although there are a number of
technologies employing ultrasound, the simplest explanation of what
happens in this method is that sound energy is introduced via a transducer
and propagates through the materials in the form of waves. When there is a
discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path, part of the energy will be
reflected back from the flaw surface. The reflected wave signal is
transformed into an electrical signal by the transducer and is displayed or
recorded in a variety of ways. Both surface and subsurface defects can be
detected making ultrasonics a volumetric testing method. Applications vary
in complexity from very small, hand-held manual units to very large,
sophisticated automated systems. This method is used to inspect a variety of
product forms including castings, forgings, and weldments. The structural
steel, automotive, petrochemical, power generation, and aerospace
industries are a few examples that utilize ultrasonic inspection.
COURSE DESCRIPTION

A Course for those who already have basic understanding of the techniques
of ultrasonic inspection and are wanting intensive instruction to improve
their knowledge and increase their experience. The course is suitable for
candidates who are wishing to progress towards any of the examination
qualification. The course has a high practical content, all equipment is
provided.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND

This course is opened to all participants, in particular NDT personnel,

supervisors, NDT trainers, contractors and researchers and those who are
interested in Ultrasonic Testing technique.
Prerequisite for this Class is Level I Ultrasonics
SCOPE

This course introduces the basic principles of Ultrasonics and prepares

the candidate for straight beam inspections and thickness measurement.
This course prepares a candidate to
Select equipment to conduct test
Setup test equipment
Steps to conduct test
Calibration
Familiarize with codes and standards
Interpret results with respect to applicable codes and standards
Understand limitation of the test method
Write test reports.

TRAINING

Training material is presented in modules that are followed by quizzes

COURSE CONTENTS :
MODULE 1: MANUFACTURING DISCONTINUITIES

Types of Discontinuities: Inherent, Processing and Service

Casting Discontinuities: Hot Tear, Cold Shut, Porosity, Shrinkage
Primary Processing Discontinuities including discontinuities in
Rolling, Forging, Drawing, Extruding
Secondary Processing Discontinuities including discontinuities in
Grinding, Heat Treating, Machining, Welding, Plating
Service Discontinuities:- Erosion, Wear, Fatigue, Corrosion, Creep
MODULE 2: WAVE MODES

Time Period and Frequency

Wavelength
Wave Modes including Longitudinal, Shear, Surface and Lamb Waves
Velocity of Waves
Calculation of Velocity
Factors Affecting Velocity - Temperature, Stress

MODULE 3: ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE

Acoustic Impedance
Calculation of Acoustic Impedance
Reflection and Transmission Coefficients
Transmission through a layer

MODULE 4: REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

Reflection and Refraction

Snells Law
Mode Conversion
First and Second Critical Angle
Problems on Mode Conversion

MODULE 5: PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER

Wave Interference: Constructive and Destructive

Sound Field
Near Field
Far Field
Beam Spread
Problems on Near Field and Beam Spread
Principles of Piezoelectricity
Curie Temperature
Transducer damping
Bandwidth

Type of Transducers
Contact and Immersion Transducers
Dual Element, Delay Line, Angle Beam Transducer
Couplant

MODULE 6: PULSER RECEIVER

Ultrasonic Instrumentation - Analog

Ultrasonic Instrumentation - Digital
Time Base
Pulse Repetition Rate
Types of Ultrasonic Display A, B and C Scan
Calibration of Ultrasonic Equipment

MODULE 7: ATTENUATION

Sound Attenuation
Causes for Attenuation
Attenuation Measurement
Calculation of Amplification
Laboratory - Measurement of Attenuation

MODULE 8: THICKNESS MEASUREMENT

Test Modes
Thickness Measurement
Thickness Measurement Frequency
Screen Calibration
Problems
Laboratory - Thickness measurement, Lamination Check

MODULE 9: IMMERSION TESTING

Advantages and Limitations of Immersion Testing Technique

Types of Immersion Testing Transducers
Bubbler/Squirter Technique
Wheel Type Transducer

MODULE 10: FLAW DETECTION - 0 DEGREE

Lamination, Thickness Measurement

ASME Section V, Article 5
ASTM standard SA-578 Straight Beam Examination
ULTRASONIC TESTING LEVEL 2 (UT2)

This course introduces the basic principles of ultrasonics and prepares

the candidate for Angle Beam Inspections.
This course prepares a candidate to
Select equipment to conduct test
Set Equipment

Steps to conduct test

Calibration
Familiarize with codes and standards
Interpret results with respect to applicable codes and standards
Understand limitation of the test method
Write test reports.

MODULE 11: REFRACTION AND REFLECTION (Covered in Level I and II)

Reflection and Refraction

Snells Law
Mode Conversion
First and Second Critical Angle
Creeping Waves
Problems on Mode Conversion

MODULE 12: PULSER RECEIVER

Calibration of Ultrasonic Equipment - Time and Amplitude Linearity

All other Topics Covered in Level I Training
MODULE 13: CALIBRATION BLOCKS

IIW Block Type I

IIW Block Type II
Miniature Angle Beam
DSC Block
AWS Resolution Block
Step Wedge
Area-Amplitude Block
Distance-Amplitude Block

MODULE 14: ANGLE BEAM INSPECTION

Selection of Screen Range

Measurement of Beam Exit Point
Measurement of Actual Refracted Angle
Calibration using IIW, Rompass and DSC Block
Sensitivity and Resolution
Reference Amplitude
Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC) Curve
Time Corrected Gain (TCG)
Discontinuity Length Sizing using 6 dB and 20 dB drop method
Discontinuity Evaluation
Selection of Screen Range
Surface Distance, Skip Distance, Depth, Full V Path
Plotting of Discontinuities like Crack, Lack of Fusion, Lack of
Penetration, Slag, Porosity in welds
Worksheet: Plotting of discontinuities for butt welds

MODULE 15: WRITING AN ULTRASONIC PROCEDURE

ASME Section V
Essential Variables
Non Essential Variables
MODULE 16: CODES AND STANDARDS

ASME Section V, Article 4 Weld Examination

SA 388 Heavy Steel Forging
AWS D1.1 (Option)
Additional Codes Standards as per students requirements (please discuss
this at the time of registration)
INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

Time of Flight Diffraction

Phased Arrays
PRACTICALS

Shear Wave Testing on Pipe Samples with embedded weld defects ID

Cracks, OD Cracks, Slag, Porosity, Lack of Fusion, Lack of Penetration
EXAMINATIONS

General
Specific
Practical
Candidates must score a minimum of 70 % in each test