Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
dellIncenerimento di RSU
Dott. E. Burgio - Comitato Scientifico ISDE
International Society of Doctors for the Environment
ASH
Catch-22
Pollution
Equipment
1 TON ASH
10% FLY ASH
90% BOTTOM ASH
100% time
38% time
47% time
(EDF, 1988)
AIR EMISSIONS
CO2 + H2O
ACID GASES:
HCI, HF, SO2
NOx
TOXIC METALS:
Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr etc
MODERN
ARCHITECTS
DO THEIR
BEST TO
DISGUISE
SMOKE STACK
NEW COMPOUNDS:
PCBs
PCDDs (DIOXINS)
PCDFs (FURANS)
CHLORINATED BENZENES,
PHENOLS, NAPTHALENES
ETC
(ULTRA) FINE
PARTICULATE
(SUB
MICRON
PARTICLES)
Il PARTICOLATO fine/ultrafine
efficacemente abbattuto ?
NO.
Dott.G.Genchi
% O2, T, P, H2O, Q
almeno due misurazioni/anno per:
?!?
!?!
Diossine
miliardesimo di mg
(pg)
1946
1978
1994
100
10
0.3
1991
2001
(OMS)
(Comunit Europea)
10 pg/kg/die
2-4
pg/kg/die
Atrazina
Quass U., et. al.: The European Dioxin Inventory final report n43, 1997.
Quass U., et. al.: The European dioxin air emission inventory project -final results,
Chemosphere; 54(9):1319-27 Mar 2004
In alcune statistiche dopo le acciaierie
Environment Canada and the Federal-Provincial Task Force on Dioxin and Furans,
1999.
Federal-Provincial Advisory Committee for the Canadian Environmental Protection Act,
1999
Dott. F. Balestreri
Dott.G.Genchi
Quass U., et. al.: The European Dioxin Inventory final report n43, 1997.
Quass U., et. al.: The European dioxin air emission inventory project -final results,
Chemosphere; 54(9):1319-27 Mar 2004
In alcune statistiche dopo le acciaierie
Environment Canada and the Federal-Provincial Task Force on Dioxin and Furans,
1999.
Federal-Provincial Advisory Committee for the Canadian Environmental Protection Act,
1999
Dott. F. Balestreri
Industrial
chemicals such as
polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs),
dioxins, and
polyaromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs).
Heavy
metals
Arsenic
Lead
Cadmium
Mercury
effects 11 years
later
www.ourstolenfuture.org/Images/graphs/
hypospadias.jpg
Human Sperm
Suppression
TOXICANTS
Traits/Abilities
NUTRITION
GENETICS
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT
Aspergers
Learning
disabilities syndrome
ADHD
Autism
??
Developmental
Syndromes
(In Harms Way, GBPSR, 2000)
glia
Subplate
Neurons
Synapse
Formation
mz sp
hp rf
visual cortex
association
cortex
Myelination
Key: mz marginal zone; sp subplate; hp hippocampus; rf reticular formation
A Silent Pandemic
Industrial Chemicals Are Impairing
The Brain Development of Children Worldwide
For immediate release: Tuesday, November 7, 2006
60
Dioxines
PCBs
60
50
40
30
20
Hg
40
30
25
20
15
10
10
2
0
CDC CDC CDC CDC WHO EPA CDC CDC
1960 1973 1975 1985 1986 1986 1990 2006?
Agency and Year
ZERO
Economic Costs of
Pediatric Environmental Diseases
Estimated Costs of Pediatric Disease of Environmental Origin,
United States, 1997 (billions)
Best
Estimate
Low Estimate
High
Estimate
Lead
Poisoning
Asthma
Cancer
Neurobehavior
al Disorders
$43.4
$43.4
$43.4
$2.0
$0.3
$9.2
$0.7
$0.2
$4.6
$2.3
$0.7
$18.4
TOTAL
$54.9
$48.9
$64.8
(From
Environmental Pollutants and Disease in American Children, Landrigan, Schechter, et.al., 2002)
Direttiva 2004/107/CE
1
!!
2
expected from
mortality rates ??
general population
latency
mother
aneuploidy +
chromosomal
aberrations ++
Esposizione ad emissioni di
inceneritori : Rischio Relativo (RR)
RR
Effetto indagato
Carcinoma
polmonare
(mortalit)
Linfomi Non
Hodgkin
Sarcomi tessuti
molli
(incidenza)
2
2.6
6.7
2.3
2
8.8
5.6
(small cell)
Fonte bibliografica
Barbone F.,
American Journal
Epidemiology 1995
(large cell)
Biggeri A.,
Envirom Health Perspect 1996
(Incidenza)
Floret N.,
Epidemiology 2003
(Mortalit)
A Biggeri
Epidemiol. Prevenzione 2005
(maschi)
Comba P.,
Occupational Enviromental
Medicine 2003
(femmine)
Knox E. G.,
International Journal of
Epidemiology 2000
Nov 06
Mantova Novembre 06
Donne sentinelle
dellambiente
+ 76% Mortalit
per eventi cardiovascolari
per ogni incremento
di 10 mcg/m3 di PM2.5
303551%
2003
Shortness Of Breath
Immunoprofilassi di massa
Alterazioni
Ambientali
Ambiente
e
2 Polline
climatiche
+++
Biocenosis
Batteri
Genosfera
Viruses
Carica antigenica ++
precoce/massiva
3
Vasculiti
MCS ? Asma-COPD
Kawasaki-Aterosclerosi
Predisposizione genetica
1
Ipersensibilit/tolleranza
Pathocenosis
Genoma
Flogosi
endo/epi-teli
permeabilit ++
Ras
Cofattori
(flogogeni)
attivatori trascrizionali aspecifici
4
TCR
MHC
(Cromosoma 6)
(Cromosomi 5-14-16)
5q31
MAPk
Ig
Recettori B
citochine
PM 0,1-10
Metalli
3
Crohn
Bronco-alveoliti
Celiachia
Antibioticoterapia
Hygiene Hypotesis
1 di massa/diffusa
NfK-
Eredit Multifattoriale
1
2
7
8
PM10*
PM10**
PM2.5***
Mortalit generica
0.6
1.3
1.3
2.1
0.9
1.4
12
Ricoveri ospedalieri
pazienti over 65
0.7
14
Meccanismi (immuno)flogistici
da esposizione cronica ad agenti
atmosferici inquinanti
(con particolare riguardo
al tema del Particolato Ultrafine)
Congresso AIE Palermo Oct 06
Dott Ernesto Burgio Hps Sicilia
Catalytic oxidizers
Brominated/chlorinated
dioxins and furans
Polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
Chlorinated
hydrocarbons
2
3
1
2
DANGER
SIGNALS
SPECIFIC
Pathogen-Associated
Molecular Patterns
(PAMPs)*
(LPS) (dsRNA) (ssRNA)
ASPECIFIC
2b
1b nanoparticles
(+metals..)
1b
Toll-like Receptors
(TLRs)*
2
nanoparticles
3
3 Nf-k
CYTOKINES etc.
INNATE
IMMUNE
SYSTEM
*highly-conserved
Atherosclerosis/KD
Getz GS.
GS Thematic review series: the immune system and atherogenesis.
Bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. J Lipid Res 2005;46:619-622.
Particle Exposure
Alveolar
Macrophage
activation
Acute Inflammation
and Impaired Clearance
Particle
Accumulation
Cronic
Inflammation
Fibrosis
Metaplasia
Cancer
Suggested pathogenic sequence of effects of chronically inhaled particles
Oberdorster Model (1996)
Oberdarster, G. et al.
Translocation of
inhaled ultrafine
particles to the brain.
Inhalation Toxicology
(Nature January 2004 )
laltra un po meno
(id est pi distante
dallimpianto ma
comunque esposta agli
stessi inquinanti (per via
diretta o da fonti diffuse,
in primis il traffico
veicolare o per via
indiretta attraverso la
catena alimentare)
THANK YOU