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FROM ANY LITIGATION WHICH MAY
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RIGHTS WHICH MAY BE NVOLVED.
nio**L
fj
No. 1382
By John C. Eward
Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory
Cleveland, Ohio
FILE GOPY
RETURN TO
.N
Washington
July 1947
!!!
ir.TBOCTIOT
The theoretical and experimental investigations of aircraft
performance at anpdraon-r spoeds have been greatly stimulated by
modern developments in high-speed flight. The thecreticul uer>jdynaalc porformance of thin wings nevertheless has :. >t been nnlotoly solved, even thrc igh the approximations of tho linearized
Prandtl-Glaucii; equation.
Puekott- (reference i), by means of a point aourou distribution, has fcrmulntod a i.ethod to derive the ;.roesurc distribution,
the vavo lift, and the wave drag for thin wlngj at angle of
attack, provided that the leading edge or the wing tip, oa the
case nay bo, la awoj.t uh-vod of the Mash line. The outbid generally falls when thu awcopback la greater than tho liacl. line
locauao the flov over ana aurface of tho wing can influonca the
low on the othor aurface.
:.3>2
^+L2|.0
dx
(1)
w?.oro
froe-otret T. Mi sh number (undisturbed flow parallel
to ,:.'.',
y or n;
z or 5 j
Cartesian coordinates
(n)
whore
> - v<<2 - 1
Moro gencrul solutions nay bj obtained by iniegratirn to plvo
</df dndt
j
'(
" t)
"3
nS
(j -n)z -I" (2 - L)
(S)
whore q' Is the siurcc atr^r^ih per unit volirao. For tho thin
wing, tho soai-ioa avid tn wing nay lie In tho x, y piano and thus
q'dj nay be rf.pli>ced b\ q, tho source strength per unit area.
Equation (4) then bucomes
a_4n
J7*
0* - 3s (y - ,)* - Pz2,2
r
q , * =
II
where U
|T_
JJ/(*-e)
(')
\dt dn
(P)
(y - n)*
I
"
%S'
s If
^
MW/
p'S of J? Ti
^t
ff
"H a 8
"
* 8
i 9
It
o
"
89
IB
41
3 S *""
oH
.-i>:
--.::
8%
IIf
Pi
II
e -. > ska
lw
S ~ *"
c
<
V
C
^
t
> ki
c? o:.
>.
o
5o'
&1
_
3
u
3
:= s s 5
f|
I
IIACA IB Ho. 1*62
The contribution to the velocity potential on tho top surface) of
the wing attributed to the dicpuragn (fig 1(b)) la given by
equaMons (8) and f9) RS
ru'
JL
X(u. v) dv
du
* J0 ;^,T-U)
*T,P
(12)
JL
RE
u'
dl>
pv2(u)
Pji - 1?)
Jo '/(u,, -
-u-fr
dv
/(v
v)
Jj-v !
(13)
2
T,)
'
.0
U ff
(0 -0T) df dl)
if
! .
pp
'"Jr. dt dtj
I
9~
a^ ftj *n
-Err
it t |
.srr
og d; in
/
g^ggLg dr>
E
2BU
(u)
(y - n)'*
0T du dv
rp
(OR T) du dv
___^^'^
r==rr^
2PU pr
|Sv,2 ^- S(V
+ U) Z
(14a)
U)
I
3ACA TS No. 1532
11
the vicinity of ving tips of fairly general chordvise slope distributions. Because the only restriction on the functions v^ (u)
and v2 (u) vas that Sj, be influenced only by the wing section 'v. the aerodynamic properties of fairly general plan forma
nay be evaluated. (In cases of so-called subsonic trailing edges,
the solution for the velocity potential thut la obtainod violates the Kutta-Jou'.ravsl i condition in the vicinity of the trailing edge. The solutions may not correspond to actual flows under
these conditions.) The effect of yawing the ving may also be
detrained simply by simultaneously ad.Viating the functions v^ (u),
v
2 (u)> "B> ar"^ T ky an amount corresponding to tho angle of
yav. The effectiveness of ving tips and hence tho effect of aspect
ratio may likewise be determined.
ECAMPt.ES OF MEffiOT)
Thin flat plate ving with rectangular plan form and no sveep
back. - For tho flat plate vine (fig. 2), Oj = - dp angle of
attack a and equation (14) becomes
(15)
*T " V
(y - i)2
Thus, the external field T^ cancels tho effect of tho region Syas far an the potential at point (x, y) is concerned.
The pressure coefficient C_
may bo computed from th equation
(If.)
The value of Cp obtained from equations (15) and (16) is derived
in appendix B for the t->p surface of tho ving to give
"Wf-V-"1*!)
|
(17)
12
'
to.
P
* )
(18)
pk2u
(c^ . j -gy. m
?
(IS)
l.:
du
-__ Jj ^y.lil-.--
rj(x+a7)
5?{x-p.v)
!u
2i^7(x+fy'
<*B dv
J-kXU
yf-ft(-u)J V[y".i(v-u)]2
(19a)
/5
+
(K2
x) ry)
tan
(20)"
ft/U - 02 - e2 (y - n)2
the velocity ootontial at nclr.t
(x, y) will be
rr
**'
il \l,r
(21)
NKd| di)
)W*
I
IHCA TK He. 1382
15
(oB -aj) K
Kd du
at du
Sv.l
(a- -0T) K
* 8
it *n
(22)
d{ dr)
(23)
S.,2
(<JB - CT) K
-2
*E I
jjKd ; dT) =
>,/;
v,3
IJK,
Also
O^dt di)
O.pKdS dt| +
OjKdt du
v,l
'Ik.
OjKdt dr, +
OjKd? di
'v,4
(24)
16
<PT
..rr s^.t.,.rr
JJ3,!
1L
OKat ii)
JjSw,2
+ Of) K
ajKaidTi
(2ia)
DISCIJSSIU OF MEIBOD
The general equations (7) and (3) will satisfy the boundary
conditions of thin wlng3 at supersonic speeds. The less general
solution of equation (13) may be applied to calculate the
&*
17
18
aspect ratio
Cj5
drag coefficient
C^
lift coefficient
C_
presaure coefficient
kj, kg
a,'
froe-otream velocity
*, V, *
Cartesian coordinates
*c
a
wing chord
i, n, t
Cartesian coordinates
angle of attack
tim..-.
I
19
Subscripts:
B
wing
1, 2, 3
CD)
Examines:
Sv,3
cirve
pJT
v = v, (u)
20
APPZTOIIB
LIFT IIIST3IB0TI0B HEAR TIF OF TBIH Vim
01' BECTATGUIAR FLAN FORM
The llraitn of Integration of equation (15) are evident from
the following sketch.
(x, y)
Is then
HACA TS o. 1S82
X+97
r-i-
partial 11
to x
*
yields
1 ^20y
"\ l
Us
55
Thevoi'
cCp =" - u- 5
OX *
<(<
f- 2 Cp as
x"^
JdS
Because Cp la constant along radial lines from the origin, a
triangular Infinitesimal area la convenient. In ton of
tha chord
xe
thla
dS
c4/
21
cAicuiATioii
vaocinr
OF
POTENTIAL OF A
rcscowrnrjonsix
f(x-py)
2o
||(x+py)
(a - n^ dv
'u
-2P-"
J; )> (**jr)
/[|lf H>*[HM]'
"IgU
*->..
gdT
(CD
J
r
-|-(x-ry)
9J
::. v
g<*Djr)
du
\l XV -- py -
sgj-Cx+e)
J-*l
5jjj-(x+y)
M
/x+3y - TT
2u
fa
Jo
S>;(*-Py)
'x+y +
2t!kjU
(r-t)
1.
X-Dy . SH
OT-d^y)
2r
r M
Jo
du
V *-By
x-v . 2Bu
y--n
. CM
du
V x-0y - SH
JM
0"
V x.y. fr
CM
- 5
Jo
'U~y)
du
x+Pr
X-y . -r,
2u
M
du
*, + %$
du
JM^**/)
Each or those lnt.j.~a]n ..'v ,
Integral, n: vA t$] 2v " .lnte""ed (reference 9
ssyyr - - SE a-1-
?.<
r-p
II
if
I
K
>
$\
slK
s >
"<l
SB
SI
BJ
+
1
1,4
S.
' 1
r. 1
N 1
Si
St
28
NACA
!
Fig. I
JT or T)
7 or i|
NATION*!. AOVISORV
COMMITTEE ro AERONAUTICS
\ , -Forward Mach UM
/(
tram point (a,y)
a or C
<-l
NATIONAL UV I 5(1Y
COMHITm FOR JKNONAUTI
30
t
NACA TN NO.
Fig. 3
1382
*> y or t|
M-
N
\
\
\
NATIONAL AOVIMMY
CtMilTTEE FO AI*ONAUTICS
"
;
I
:V
-.
Flg.
NACA TM NO. 1382
Section A-A
MTIOKM. OKI
COWlTTft OH MONJtlC
Mgur.
SI
Fig. 5
laid ID
this region
Influenced
w
NATIONAL ADV I SONY
MITTtl ro AIAONAUTICS
fATU2^S
A03TOAOT
Point-source distribution rcathod of calculating aerodynamic'coefficients of thin wrings
at supersonic speeds was extended to include effect of region between wing and bounder/ and
foremost Each nave from wing leading edgo. As examples of method, pressure distribution on
thin plate ring of rectangular plan form and lift and drag coefficients as function of Each
number, angle of attack and aspect ration are calculated. Surface velocity potential
equations of several plan forms are included.
Wings - Lift (99l69)i Wings - Kich number (99171.2)
NOTSt Roquests for copies of this report must be addressed toi N.A.C.A.,
Rashinirton, D. XT.
T-2, KQ, AQ MATBSa CQMttAND
T^uiECKM1CAI
UND
raanra'o (ratals)
Evvard, John C.
IT* ^ m
ffO- 96oe
3G. AGJCY NlcS
fHrl382
KCTIONi ijing and Airfoils (6)
CROSS BEFBIENceSi Wings - AorodynaniD=499*59^T-i&:
dynamics. Supersonic (05150); ff?essure distribution
AUTHORS)
Kings (7^001: Airfoils - Drag*~75ggQlr^
AAH.Tlflfc Distribution of wve drag and lift in the vicinity 6fggjlg_tlpr^t supersonic
FOOCN.
mu.
fi U /
TOANSIATICOJ.
' Q.il/0 6
HAWKS
Jui'ltf
5 J2aphs
ADOTOACT
Point-source distribution mathod of calculating aorodynamic-coefficients of thin wings
at supersonic speeds was extended to include effect of region between wing and boundary and
foremost Each wave from wing leading edge. As examples of method, pressure distribution ol
thin plate wing of rectangular plan form and lift and drag coefficients as function of Each
number, angle of attack and aspect ration are calculated. Surface velocity potential
equations of several plan forms are included.
Wings - lift (99169); Wings - Each number (99171.2)
NOTEt Requests for copies of this report must be addressed to: H.A.C.A.,
Washington.. D. tt.
.
COUNTRY
n.S.
rI lANGUAGf
IANG
EFOSCNjCI
I Eng.
U. SjCLASS.
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DA
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PAGES
UND
IUUS.
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