5.

12 Before introducing the temperature scale now known as the Kelvin scale,
Kelvin suggested a logarithmic scale in which the function of Sec. 5.8.1 takes
the form

exp C / exp H
where H and C denote, respectively, the temperatures of the hot and cold
reservoirs on this scale.
(a) Show that the relation between the Kelvin temperature T and the
temperature on the logarithmic scale is
=ln T + C
where C is a constant.
(b) On the Kelvin scale, temperatures vary from 0 to +. Determine the range of
temperature values on the logarithmic scale.
(c) Obtain an expression for the thermal efficiency of any system undergoing a
reversible power cycle while operating between reservoirs at temperatures
H and C on the logarithmic scale.
Known: The symbol denotes temperature on Kelvins logarithmic scale.
Find:

(a) Show that =lnT +C, where T is temperature on the Kelvin scale.
(b) Determine the range of temperature values on the logarithmic scale.
(c) Obtain an expression for the thermal efficiency of a reversible power
cycle operating between reservoirs at H and C on the logarithmic
scale.

Analysis:
The two scales arise from different specifications of the function in Eq.(a)
of Sec. 5.8.1
QC

QH cycle

That is
QC
T
C

QH cycle TH

(Kelvin scale)

QC
exp C

QH cycle exp H

(Logarithmic scale)

(a) By comparison of the last two equations

TC exp C

exp(C H )
TH exp H

Thus
ln TC ln TH C H

And therefore
lnT C
Where C is a constant determining the level of temperature corresponding to
zero on the logarithmic scale.
(b) Temperature on the Kelvin scale varies from 0 to +. With the relationship of
part (a), temperatures on the logarithmic scale vary from - to +.
(c) Use of
QC
exp C

QH cycle exp H

In Eq.5.4 gives an expression for the thermal efficiency of a reversible power

cycle while operating between reservoirs at temperatures H and C on
the logarithmic scale

exp C
exp H

5.18 A power cycle receives energy QH by heat transfer from a hot reservoir at TH
= 833 K and rejects energy QC by heat transfer to a cold reservoir at TC = 278 K.
For each of the following cases, determine whether the cycle operates reversibly,
operates irreversibly, or is impossible.
(a) QH = 950 kJ, Wcycle = 475 kJ
(b) QH = 950 kJ, QC = 315 kJ
(c) Wcycle = 633 kJ, QC = 422 kJ
(d) = 70%
Known: Data are provided for a pwer cycle operating between hot and cold
reservoirs.
Find:

In each case, determine whether the cycle operates reversibly, operates

irreversibly, or is impossible.

Schematic and given data:

Hot
reservoir

Boundary

TH=833K
QH

R-134a

Cold
reservoir

Wcycle = QH - QC

TC = 278K
QC

Analysis:
(a) QH = 950 kJ, Wcycle = 475 kJ
With the given data,
=

cycle
H

475kJ

= 950kJ = 0.5

The maximum thermal efficiency is

278K

max = 1 C = 1 833K = 0.666

H

Since < max , the cycle operates irreversibly.

(b) QH = 950 kJ, QC = 315 kJ
From the energy balance
cycle = H C = 950 315 = 635 kJ
With these data, the thermal efficiency is
=

cycle
H

635kJ

= 950kJ = 0.668

Since max (Part (a)), the cycle operates reversibly.

Or > max

Impossible.

(c) Wcycle = 633 kJ, QC = 422 kJ

From the energy balance
cycle = H C H = cycle + C = 633 + 422 = 1055 kJ
With these data, the thermal efficiency is
=

cycle
H

633kJ

= 1055kJ = 0.60

Since < max (Part (a)), the cycle operates irreversibly

(d) = 70%

Since > max = 0.666 (Part (a)), this cycle cannot operate as claimed.
Impossible.

5.21 A reversible power cycle receives 100 kJ by heat transfer from a hot
reservoir at 327 C and reject 40 kJ by heat transfer to a cold reservoir at Tc.
Determine a(a) the thermal efficiency and (b) the temperature Tc of the cold
reservoir, in C.
Known: Data are provided for a power cycle operating between hot and cold
reservoirs.
Find:

Determine (a) and (b) the temperature C of the cold reservoir.

Analysis: H = 100 kJ, H = 327, C = 40 kJ

(a) =

cycle
H

=1

C
H

=1

40kJ
100kJ

= 0.6 (60%)

(b) Since the cycle operates reversibly, = max = 1 C . Thus, with

H

H = 327 + 273 = 600K

C
0.6 = 1 C = 1 600
H

Solving, C = 240K (33)