Domingo Lam Co: Great Grand Father of Rizal

During the European time, they segregated the peoples nationally

o Ex: The Chinese People here in the Philippines to Parian (todays
Tondo)
1869 0 1871 Maestro Cruz at Binan
1871 1877 Ateneo
1877 1882 UST
1882 1885 University Central De Madrid

19th
-

Century Europe: Innovation and Change = Philippine Transformation during

the Spanish
Colonization through:

th
During the 19 century the Philippines

Political
Economic
Social and Cultural
Religion
is under the Council of Indies (Mexico)

During the time of Suez canal was opened, that was the time that the
position of a Governor General was implied to us.

16th Century
-

Spices are very important for the Europeans (because of the weather their)
More of the Hot spices
So the European expedition for the search of spices started
Magellan with the other European explorer bright Christianity

1390 Philippines
-

Islam was the first religion that was established here in the Philippines

1565

The Philippines was under the European powers

Under the sovereignty of Spain
Ecclesiastical Theory : only in theory not in practice

Checks
-

People from Spain that checks the Governor Generals doing to conquered
colonies
a. Residencia
- Looks at the performance of the Governor General
- Lives in the Philippines
b. Visitador
- From a different colony that checks the Governor Generals performance

This did not succeed because : corruption in the government and the
Philippines is too far from Spain

Hierarchy of the Centralized government

A. King of Spain
B. Council of indies
- groups of colonies of Spain (South America, Mexico, Philippines, etc.,)
C.
-

Governor General Vice Royal Patron

Royal Patron: King of Spain supported by the Church from the Pope
Head of the Government
Appointed by the King of Spain
Power to appoint Colonial Official
Power to execute all degrees ( through Cortes: Government) from Spain
Power to issue and promulgate laws
Bando: power to make/enact law
Cumplase: Power to Suspend a law
Do have the 3 powers
o Executive
o Legislative
o Judiciary

Governor Generals who helped Rizal

1. Emilio Terreno (1887)
- He was the one who gave Rizal a Guard
- Guard was : Jose Taviel de Andrade
2.
-

3.
-

Valeriano Weyler
Agreed with the Borneo Colonization Project of Rizal
The goal of the project is to bring the people to Borneo
Reason why the establishment of this project was the increasing rent in
Calamba Laguna
Did not succeed because:
o Some relatives of Rizal said it was not nationalistic
o Loss of taxes (loss of people)
o Loss of Laborers (loss of people)
Eulogio Desprjal (1892)
Recognized the La Liga Filipina
Throws Rizal to Dapitan (after the KKK was discovered)
Lawyer of Rizal: Luis Taviel de Andrade

4. Ramon Blanco
- Let Rizal leave for Cuba
- The one who called Rizal because thy assumed that he was the KKK
founder/leader
- The Governor General who declared Martial Law

5. Camilo Polavieja
- He was appointed by the Church
D. Royal Audiencia
- Court
E. Council of Administration
Representatives of the different colonies
F.
-

Corregimiento
Head: Corregidor
Places that are not under Spain
Military

G. Alcadia
- Head: Alcade Mayor
H. Ayuntamineto
- Head: Alcade
I.
-

Pueblo
Head: Gobernadorcillo
town

J.
-

Barangay
Head: Cabeza De Barangay
Usually the Datu and Rahaj

In the Philippines
Before the Colonization of Spain: Council of elders for the whole group
After the Colonization of Spain: Each Place has a leader

After the Governor General, All positions till the Pueblo are appointed by Him.
Pintados : warriors of the Philippines before the Spaniards came

Political: the first establishment of an Institution which is the Centralized

Government: Intramuros
o

From a Barangay to a Centralized Government

ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH

PERIOD

System of government : Frailocracy

1. Galleon Trade
- Manila to Acapulco( Capital of Mexico)

Monopolize the government

The use of money
Not barter but commerce
Only people who have money can join the Trade
Boletas: tickets
Indolto de Comenaio: people with money

2.
-

Encomienda
Pieces of lands was given (as rewards) to the Spaniards
System of Spaniards of land partitions
Communal to privately own lands

3. Tobacco Monopoly
- Use the lands in the north (Isabella and Ilocos) to plant Tobacco for trading
(one of the needs of European people)
- Governor General Jose Basco : the own who imposed that Tobacco will be
planted in Ilocos and Isabella
- Liquor Monopoly (lambanog business)
4.
-

Polo Y Servico
force labor for 40 days without compensation
A economic social policy
Polista
o Indios
o men who are forced to work for 40 days without compensation
o they built roads, structures (ex: intramuros), galleon (ships, huge
vehicle)
o making of weapons @ Cavite mutiny
they will be except in exchange of something such as lands or crops, if they
are sick or disable
Falla : if you cannot work, you can pay through exchange of lands or crops
Principalia : town aristocracy that are excused to Polo Y Servicio

5. Bandala
- Force selling of crops: Quota
- Imposed by the owners of the land
6.
7.
-

Paying of taxes
Can be in forms of money or land or crops
Tribute: taxes : use of money to do wars: which needs weapons
Taxes: Life blood of any nation
Introduction of Banks
Ex: Rodriquez bank
Coinage System
Cedula : symbol that we are under Spain

SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH

PERIOD
1. Modification of Clothing

2.
3.
4.

5.
-

Native clothing to European clothing

Ex: Donya Victorina (Noli me Tangere)
The Indolence of the Filipino People: Work of Rizal in reply to the Spaniards
about telling us that we are Lazy.
o Rewards system is not applied that is why Filipinos are not motivated
o The clothing from light weight to heavy clothing
Introduction of second names
1849
Governor General Narciso Claveria : Imposed to have a second name
For easy taxation and census
System of writing and Language
Doctrina Christiana Y Tagala : first book that contains Christian doctrines
Romanized Alphabet
New Social Hierarchy
a. Peninsulares
b. Insulares
c. Indio
Introduction of patriarchal Schools
By different religions
Education are for the Elite only

CULTURAL and RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING

THE SPANISH PERIOD

Religion was the main reason how we are conquered by the European people
Religion is divided into 2:
a. Regular : Friars
b. Secular : natives (ex: GOMBURZA)

1. Paganism to Roman / Christian Catholic

- In the past there is an equality in men and women
Ex: babaylan (women priest)
- But when the Spaniards came, they say that women must not be concerned
with religions aspects
- The first Christian names : (boy) Carlos and (girl) Juana
- Frist Religious Orders :
By: Father Pedro de Valderrama : Spanish priest who baptized Rajah
Humabon
1. Augustinians : time of Magellan
2. Franciscans
3. Jesuits
4. 18th century: Dominicans
- From a matriarchal society to a patriarchal society
2. Saints and Images