PGT 202E:

BASIC EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT

AND EVALUATION
Lecture #1:
Terminologies: Measurement, Testing,
Evaluation and Assessment

Ahmad Zamri bin Khairani

School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia

TEACHERS CLASSROOM

DECISION

Teaching & learning require teachers to

constantly gather information and make
decisions
Teacher often need to make decision about
students in every 2 or 3 minutes (Shavelson &
Stern, 1981)
Teachers may spend one third to one half of their
time in assessment-related activities (Stiggins,
Conklin, & Associates, 1992)

TEACHERS CLASSROOM
...CTD

During

DECISION

After
teaching

teaching
Before
beginning
teaching

TEACHERS CLASSROOM DECISION

...BEFORE TEACHING
Question

Decision

What content do I need

to cover
What materials are
appropriate

Review the curriculum,

syllabus, textbook etc.
Observations about
students attitudes,
previous teacher reports
What learning activities Review the textbook,
be the students engage to review the activities used
previously

TEACHERS CLASSROOM DECISION

...DURING TEACHING
Question

Decision

Is my lesson going well

Observation of students,
students response to
questions
What should I do to make Diagnosing the error
this lesson works better made by students,
identify which students
are not participating
Are student ready to
Questioning students,
move to next activity
review students work
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TEACHERS CLASSROOM DECISION

...AFTER TEACHING
Question

Decision

What strength/weakness Review students

homework, test
How effective did I teach Review students
homework, test
What grade should I give Results from the
to students
classroom activities

MEASUREMENT
A procedure for assigning numbers (called scores) to
specified attribute/characteristics
The number describe the degree to which the person
Definition
possesses the attribute

Procedure

e.g.

Count the correct answer

Sum the points earned

Ali scores 85 while Lucy scores 76 in Mathematics

Test

MEASUREMENT
Measurement of :

Physical attributes
Psychological construct

EVALUATION

Definition

Procedure

e.g.

A process of making a value judgment

about the worth of ones performance
The bases for decisions about what
course of action should be followed
Suggest Ali to enter National
Mathematics Olympiad

EVALUATION

Definition

Procedure

e.g.

A process of making a value judgment

about the worth of ones performance
The bases for decisions about what
course of action should be followed
Suggest Ali to enter National
Mathematics Olympiad

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EVALUATION
Evaluation of :
Physical attributes
Psychological construct

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ASSESSMENT

Definition

Decisions

Techniques

A process for obtaining information that is

used for making decisions

Managing classroom instructions

Placing students into different types of
educational programs
Paper and pencil
Projects
Lab works

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TEST
An instrument or systematic procedure for observing and
describing characteristics of students
Definition Using numerical scale or classification scheme

Adding the points earned

Procedure

e.g.

Achievement test Year-end examination, PMR, SPM

Psychological Test - MUNSYI, MEDSI, Stanford-Binet Scale

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SO?

For his year-end examination, Ah

Hong obtained 85% in Mathematics
Test =
Measurement =
Evaluation =
Assessment =
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ASSESSMENT
EVALUATION

MEASUREMENT
TEST
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ASSESSMENT . AND ITS USE

Asessment

Curricula
&
Programs

Policy

District

State

Formative

Summative

Evaluation

Evaluation

Students

more.

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ASSESSMENT . AND ITS USE (CTD)

Students

Classification

Planning
instructional
activities

Placement

Placing
students into
learning
sequence

Managing
decision

Monitoring
students
progress

Guidance
Counseling

Diagnosing
learning
difficulties

Teachers

Selecting

Certifying
Credential

Assigning
grades

Feedback

Students
Parents

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Thank

You

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