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François CUPCIC
Heavy Oil Research Leader
Heavy Oil : a mix of heterogeneous denominations
Athabasca
1 000 000
C Class :
Tar Sands & Bitumen
Downhole Viscosity (Cpo)
Canada
10 000
EljoboBoscan Poso creek
Yorba linda A Class :
Fazenda belem
Orinoco
Llancanelo
Belridge Kern
Alto do rodrigues 2
Lloyminster
river Medium
1 000 Mormora mare Grenade
Tia juana Midway
Bressay Estreito Heavy Oil
Morichal
Bati
Sarago mareraman Mariner (H) Alto do rodrigues 1
Pilon Bechraji
Mount poso Duri
Rospomare Qarn alam
Varadero Balol
100 Bachaquero Emeraude
Captain u
Mariner (M) Shoonebeck
Boca de Jaruco
West sak
u Lacq Sup.
10 uDalia
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0Rosa
uTempa 25,0
API Density (11-23°API)
54,000 km2
45,000 km2
ALBERTA
Athabasca
Fort
Mc Murray
Peace River
Cold Lake
Edmonton
Cretaceous
Lloydminster Oil Sands
Cretaceous
Calgary Heavy Oils
1 000 cPo
100 cPo
10 cPo
1 cPo
0 °C 50 °C 100 °C 150 °C 200 °C 250 °C 300 °C
Athabasca : Orinoco :
• T res. # 11°C • T res. # 53°C
• µ ‡ 1,000, 000 cPo • µ # 1,500 to 3,000 cPo
Thermal Production Compulsory Cold Production Possible
Downh
ole
pump
550m
200m 1400m
1 - Proven technologies
… but with limited suitability or
recovery efficiency
• Mining Extraction
• Cold Production
• Huff & Puff
ALBERTA
Athabasca
Fort
BUT : Mc Murray
Cold Lake
Edmonton
• Overburden limited to 50-75 m
Calgary
è suitable to less than 10% of Oil in Place in
Athabasca
BUT : CHOPS
21+200 km
Diluent 70 KBD
12”-20”
26”-36”
Cold SOLIDS
• Proven technology :
• Canada : Cold Lake, Wolf Lake & Primrose
• Venezuela : Maracaïbo & Oriente Basins
• California : Kern River
• Limited operating costs :
• 4 to 5 US$/bbl
BUT :
• Limited recovery factors (< 15-20%) : only stimulation around
wellbore
• Consumption of energy and increase of GHG emissions
Producer
well
BUT :
• Field tested nearly exclusively on light oils
• Not so many successes (operational and safety problems)
• Pattern adapted to extra-heavy oil & bitumen to be found
and field tested ...
LIGHT FRACTION
Deep Upgrading
80%
Mid Upgrading
60%
Mini
17 $/bbl Upgrading 17.6 $/bbl
40%
20%
15.6 $/bbl
0%
-40%
-60%
Thermal Deep
Cracking Hydrocracking
BUT
High operating cost :
3 US$/Bbl
(gas price ± 3 US$/MMbtu)
BUT
• Requests specific boilers
• Heavier treatment of boiler feedwater
• High sulphur % è FGD compulsory
• Requires regenerative FGD process to
avoid stockpiling of Ca2SO4
• Higher CO2 emissions
• Higher investment costs :
• 160 è 500 MMUS$ (100,000 bopd)
Asphalt
Gas cleanup
and Sulfur OTSG • allows production of H 2 for
syngas recovery Clean
Deasphalting
unit
syngas hydrotreatment
• easier capture of SO2 and CO 2
• syngas can be burnt into simple
OTSG boilers
• reduced treatment of boiler
feedwater
CO2
11 000 tons / day Diluted Bitumen C3
19 °API Upgrader
Oil Water
separation Flexicoker
case SCO
Steam
Pads Sulphur
Steam : 43 200 tons/day Generation Equivalent gas
71.9 MMSCFD
8 - 12 wellpairs / Pad
Water
SOR : 2.5 Vol / Vol 38.5 MMSCFD make up
Artificial lift : Gas lift + ESP
125
100
Range of
possible variation Upstream
75 Upgrader
Refining
50
25
0
Athabasca Athabasca SINCOR
SAGD Mine
ASPO Annual Meeting 2003 - Rueil- 26-27 May 2003 24
Cost of CO2 Capture
Today solution : MEA process
?
Tax ?
technical capture cost # 25 US$/T CO2
10 US$/T CO 2 ? è + 2 US$/bbl
+ 0,5 T CO2 emission / T CO2 captured
20 US$/T CO 2 ? è + 4 US$/bbl
è real capture cost # 50 US$/T CO 2
30 US$/T CO 2 ? è + 6 US$/bbl
è + 10 US$/bbl !!
Possible solution :
Off-gas
vent
oxy-combustion STEAM /
ELECTRICITY
(concentration of
CO2) Oxygen
Production
BOILER Flue gas
Treatment
CO2 Separation/
Inerts removal
HEAVY RESIDUE
Steam BFW
CO2
Sequestered
(
15 150 (
SAGD
( SAGD
10 100
(
( (
5
( Cold 50
( Production ( Cold
( Production
0 0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Recovery Efficiency Recovery Efficiency
ASPO Annual Meeting 2003 - Rueil- 26-27 May 2003 26
Conclusion
A temptation:
4Nuclear Energy to produce steam?
4But not without drawbacks
(especially beyond technology)
ASPO Annual Meeting 2003 - Rueil- 26-27 May 2003 27
The End