12/2/2013

EXTERNAL SENSATION

SENSATION

A process of knowing material, concrete stimuli through

external senses namely: vision, audition, olfaction,
gustation and cutaneous sensation.

Marian M. Miguel-Lagundino, MA
Instructor

If there is no sensation, there is no perception.

General conditions

If one of these elements is absent, there is no sensation.

Stimulus

Receptor

Any aspect of the

world that influences
our behavior
Must be strong enough
to elicit a sensation
Threshold stimulus:
minimum amount of
stimulus that is
capable of producing a
sensation
A subminimal stimulus
can elicit a sensation if
applied repeatedly on
the same receptor

Any structure in the

Fiber tracts: Bundles Houses the primary
body that is excitable
of nerve fibers that
sensory area located
to stimuli
convey sensory
in different lobes
impulses from one
A peripheral
Also contains
neuron to the next
termination of sensory
secondary and
fibers
Transmits the sensory
association areas
impulses to the brain
Exteroceptors: found
at the external surface
of the body
Proprioceptors: found
in muscles, joints and
tendons
Interoceptors: found
in visceral organs

Transmissor

Brain Center

CONDITIONS

VISUAL SENSE

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Stimulus: light waves

Receptor: rods and cones
Transmissor: optic nerve
Brain center: primary visual area

POINTS OF DIFFERENCE

CONES

RODS

Shape

Conical

Tubular

Distribution in the retina

Center

Periphery

Function

Daytime vision

Nighttime vision

Sensitivity to color

Sensitive

Not sensitive

http://www.tutorsglobe.com/CMSImages/52_Visual_pathway.jpg

AUDITORY SENSE
FOVEA

BLIND SPOT

https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSXxe6cyqQ0R4OS73YdZYD5CpxLwSGk4jfFdb2BRwW9OWAyvn4gaQ

Stimulus: sound waves

Receptor: hair cells
Transmissor: auditory/cochlear nerve
Brain center: primary auditory area

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/organ_of_Corti.jpg

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Stimulus: chemical substances

Receptor: olfactory cells
Transmissor: olfactory nerve
Brain center: primary olfactory
area

OLFACTORY AND GUSTATORY SENSES

http://www.medical-look.com/systems_images/Olfactory_sense.gif

Stimulus: chemical substances

Receptor: taste buds
Transmissor: facial and
glossopharyngeal nerves
Brain center: primary gustatory
area

CUTANEOUS SENSE

Stimulus: mechanical energy

Receptor: somatosensory
receptors
Transmissor: ascending nerve
fibers
Brain center: primary
somatosensory area

Somatosensation

Receptor

Touch

Merkels disk

Pressure

Pacinian Corpuscles

Pain

Free nerve endings

Coldness

Krauses Corpuscles

Warmth

Ruffinis Endings

Kinaesthesia

Proprioceptors

http://www.corpshumain.ca/en/images/SensorielFaisseauxDorsal_en.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_kaQ5P19FVgk/SlYj8SW_S7I/AAAAAAAADSo/cVLxJASLnNo/s400/SomaticSensoryCortex1.
JPG
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/ChemicalSomaticSenses_files/image020.jpg