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Faculty of Engineering
Gen 210: Risk Management: All Programs, Spring 2009

Closed Book Exam

Time 90 minutes

Answer all questions. The space provided for answer should suffice. Answers need not be too detailed. However, for
more space, use the back of the sheet. But refer to this by writing PTO. MC question may accept multiple answers.
points

2
1

1
1

Question: number and answer

1. Observing the following concepts is important for any good risk management system: (x) synergy (x) being
proactive (x) continuous improvement (x) correct systemic mental models (x) general and diversified
knowledge (x) synergized skills (x) teamwork (x) individual empowerment (independence in taking decision)
(x) group skills (x) interaction
(x) paradigm shift from seeing whole first to seeing details first.
2. Systems thinking and Risk Management are interdependent in order to account for (x) complexities of the risk
systems ( ) risk complications (x) possible surprises (x) risk control.
3. Check the true answers of the following
(x ) Something that could kill a person must be very risky.
(x ) Risk combines the chance of something happening along with the amount of harm it can do.
(x ) A high risk activity is quite likely to cause a lot of harm.
( ) If something is very risky then it must also be very difficult to do?
( ) Everyday things, like playing sport are not risky at all.
( ) Risk is only to do with industry and accidents at work.
(x ) Earthquake could be considered as an accident, an incident, or even as a near miss.
( ) Risk control works only on reducing severity.
( ) Near miss is the easiest event to be recorded.
4. Which of the following is NOT an initiating hazard? ( ) Fireworks stored in a warehouse ( ) Smoking
( ) Operating a propane torch to fix a roof (x ) A fire sprinkler system that did not work.
5. Which of the following includes the other three? (

) risk assessment

(x) risk management

) risk

analysis ( ) risk communication.

6. Complete using the missing word from among the choices between parentheses (except for the last, fourth, line)
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Any accident has a risk associated with it (hazard risk danger - near miss)
PPE can be used to reduce
the severity
(probability severity both)
Training is one of risk control (hazard identification risk identification risk analysis - risk control)
Complete by writing the number of relationships: a system of five components has 5x4=20 theoretical
internal relations (hint: consider a two-way relation as two relations).
7. Punishing those who commit risk mistakes is a good, effective way to control risk. ( ) True (x) False. Justify
The essence of risk control is to address root causes. Punishing the person should not be the ultimate objective.
Eliminating the root causes is what a risk manager seeks. If the person who did the mistake does know what, why or
how to avoid the risk, then he needs training not punishment. Punishment, in addition to not solving the problem, will
worsen the environment of work, leading to additional sources of risk.

8. Hazard, danger, and peril ( )are (x) related to the same dimensional entity ( ) considered three ranks of
risk. Justify.
Hazard, danger and peril all escalating degrees of probability of happening of an undesired event: peril is used to
describe very close to an undesired event when is loss of life is very highly probable or even certain.
9. Interaction of hazards of different sources can increase the probability of the undesired event. Use the case of
fire to justify (agree with) or negate (disagree with) this statement.
Undesired events are rarely the result of one source, according to the theory of Multi-factors of Risks. Fire needs the
coincidence of three factors: oxygen, flame, and inflammable material. The simultaneous presence of these factors
causes fire. In other words, the presence of these three elements in one place increases the hazard of fire.
10. What should you do in entering into a building or a hall/amphitheatre for the first time?
A person entering a place for the first time should first think about to get out of it safe in case of emergency or surprise
evacuation: he should ask or investigate other exits, where is located to the nearest exit; where is the nearest muster
or assembly point for the place. Also he should consult the plan for the floor or the area where he is located; this plan
should be spotted at the entrance or inside the place. If he does not see any of these indications, he should start to
worry about himself in this place.

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11.

10

Work in a confined space is different from work in open areas. What are the special precautions you should
consider when planning for work in a confined space?
Confined spaces are special work sites and working inside these requires special precautions: Preparations before
starting work is investigating(looking for trapped gases, dust, any sources of safety or health hazards , ventilating the
place, preparing the safety equipment for lifting of persons working inside, devices for special communication. Work in
confined spaces may become limited in time because of exhaustion, fatigue, noise, vibrations, and/ or environmental
conditions (temperature and humidity) specific to or amplified in the place.
12.
You are a group of students given an academic assignment to submit at a specified date. Define the various
undesired events that may happen to you (the group) from the time you receive the assignment till the time you
submit it. Follow the 5-step risk approach. Give concrete arguments and examples. Vague answers are not
appreciated.
Application of the five-step risk approach shall be limited to the two qualitative Steps 1 and 2: System Definition and
Hazard Identification
System definition
1. Actors: instructor, students as a group and as individuals and the subsystems tied to them and all the
obligations that may stem from these subsystems
2. Assets: all equipment and devices student shall use in this task: PCs laptops, datashows for rehearsals,
stationery, papers, special papers, reports,
3. Work Processes, and Culture: Distribution of workload among team members, type of relationships between
the members, willingness to help and give the effort, willingness to complete and show their best outputs and
outcome. Where to have the group activities,
4. External and Internal Environment: of the workplace and outside of the work place, their interaction with the
systems outside of the workplace (transportation and time spent in getting to the workplace)
Undesired events can affect many valuable resources: human (safety, health), environment, time, data,
technology, money, time, image and trust, opportunities and especially objectives of any activity (such as that of the
academic assignment)

(Answer of Question 12 continued)

Hazards that can affect the resources and lead to undesired events come from the interaction of all four
subsystems: when something goes wrong it affects all other parts of the system. The following is a systemic
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approach showing the hazards resulting from the 12 internal relationships of the system (n*(n-1) = 12. You should
read the following as follows: the element of Line 1 influences elements of Line 2 (always 3 elements) to produce
undesired events of Line 3.
Hazard
1
affects
s of
2
3
4
Absence of members,
delays, members not
knowing tasks,
members sick, or
injured (emergency).
Negative influence on
objectives, deadlines
and time, and image.

Hazards of

affects

Poor assets (computer, loss or

incompatibility of software, not
having appropriate stationery
when required, poor quality of
paper or ink, poor colors that
does not show when Xerox
copying in black and white,

Hazards of

affects

1
2
4
Poor planning, no distribution of
tasks, no synergy of efforts, no
commitment, disputes, no clear
vision, no definition of
deadlines or requirements, noregular check up and
verification of the group.
Absence of group organization

Hazards
of
1

affects

Ignorance of the
important factors of
the external and
internal environment,
surprises,

All above factors combine to increase probability of loss of objectives of the academic assignments.
Planned lesson objective could have included part or all of the following :
Showing good performance to obtain good notes
Loss of opportunity to understand the essence and significance behind the assignment: learning
something new, doing- it-yourself to acquire practical skill ( Learning how to manage time,
group, and communication and interpersonal skills).
End of answer of Question 12

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13. Complete the following table. Follow the example.

Type or source of
hazard

Possible
undesired event

Consequences
to human or
others

Risk Control

Control
Hierarchy

Cleaning
floor

Wet floor

Slip and fall

Injuries

Putting a wet floor

sign while cleaning

Administrative
control

Driving a car

Rainy weather

Injuries,
material losses

Driving slowly, keep

distance, stop driving

Administrative

Handling

Corrosive
chemicals

Example Serial

Process,
action,
behavior,
object

A near-floor
electrical
socket
Narrow
stairway with
irregular
steps

Collisions,
damage to the
car,
Spilling,
damage to
container

Damage to
Careful handling, PJSM,
assets, injuries,
good handling equipment
burns

Administrative,
engineering

Kids

Electric shocks

Injuries, fatality

Sealing the socket,

isolation, .

Engineering

Rushing people
while emergency
evacuation

Fall, tripping

Injuries,
damage to
assets

Observing discipline,
modify, redistribute load

Administrative,
engineering

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