Scribd Logo
Carica

Benvenuto in Scribd!

  • Machine Learning An Introduction

    Caricato da

    Anoop Cadlord
    38 visualizzazioni2 pagine
    Machine learning is a subfield of computer science[1] that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence.[1] Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data.[2] Such algorithms operate by building a model from example inputs in order to make data-driven predictions or decisions,[3]:2 rather than following strictly static program instructions. Machine learning is closely related to and often overlaps with computational statistics; a discipline that also specializes in prediction-making. It has strong ties to mathematical optimization, which delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field. Machine learning is employed in a range of computing tasks where designing and programming explicit algorithms is infeasible. Example applications include spam filtering, optical character recognition (OCR),[4] search engines and computer vision. Machine learning is sometimes conflated with data mining,[5] although that focuses more on exploratory data analysis.[6] Machine learning and pattern recognition "can be viewed as two facets of the same field."[3]:vii

    Titolo originale

    Machine Learning an introduction

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formati disponibili

    PDF, TXT o leggi online da Scribd

    Hai trovato utile questo documento?

    Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

    Segnala questo documento
    Machine learning is a subfield of computer science[1] that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence.[1] Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data.[2] Such algorithms operate by building a model from example inputs in order to make data-driven predictions or decisions,[3]:2 rather than following strictly static program instructions. Machine learning is closely related to and often overlaps with computational statistics; a discipline that also specializes in prediction-making. It has strong ties to mathematical optimization, which delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field. Machine learning is employed in a range of computing tasks where designing and programming explicit algorithms is infeasible. Example applications include spam filtering, optical character recognition (OCR),[4] search engines and computer vision. Machine learning is sometimes conflated with data mining,[5] although that focuses more on exploratory data analysis.[6] Machine learning and pattern recognition "can be viewed as two facets of the same field."[3]:vii

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    38 visualizzazioni2 pagine

    Machine Learning An Introduction

    Caricato da

    Anoop Cadlord
    Machine learning is a subfield of computer science[1] that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory in artificial intelligence.[1] Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data.[2] Such algorithms operate by building a model from example inputs in order to make data-driven predictions or decisions,[3]:2 rather than following strictly static program instructions. Machine learning is closely related to and often overlaps with computational statistics; a discipline that also specializes in prediction-making. It has strong ties to mathematical optimization, which delivers methods, theory and application domains to the field. Machine learning is employed in a range of computing tasks where designing and programming explicit algorithms is infeasible. Example applications include spam filtering, optical character recognition (OCR),[4] search engines and computer vision. Machine learning is sometimes conflated with data mining,[5] although that focuses more on exploratory data analysis.[6] Machine learning and pattern recognition "can be viewed as two facets of the same field."[3]:vii

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    di 2

    28/09/2015

    ML:IntroductionCoursera

    CourseraBeta
    ANOOP

    ContactUs
    MyContributions
    LogOut

    ML:Introduction
    FromCoursera

    WhatisMachineLearning?
    TwodefinitionsofMachineLearningareoffered.ArthurSamueldescribeditas:"thefieldofstudythatgives
    computerstheabilitytolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed."Thisisanolder,informaldefinition.
    TomMitchellprovidesamoremoderndefinition:"AcomputerprogramissaidtolearnfromexperienceEwith
    respecttosomeclassoftasksTandperformancemeasureP,ifitsperformanceattasksinT,asmeasuredby
    P,improveswithexperienceE."
    Example:playingcheckers.
    E=theexperienceofplayingmanygamesofcheckers
    T=thetaskofplayingcheckers.
    P=theprobabilitythattheprogramwillwinthenextgame.

    SupervisedLearning
    Insupervisedlearning,wearegivenadatasetandalreadyknowwhatourcorrectoutputshouldlooklike,
    havingtheideathatthereisarelationshipbetweentheinputandtheoutput.
    Supervisedlearningproblemsarecategorizedinto"regression"and"classification"problems.Ina
    regressionproblem,wearetryingtopredictresultswithinacontinuousoutput,meaningthatwearetryingto
    mapinputvariablestosomecontinuousfunction.Inaclassificationproblem,weareinsteadtryingtopredict
    resultsinadiscreteoutput.Inotherwords,wearetryingtomapinputvariablesintodiscretecategories.
    Example:
    Givendataaboutthesizeofhousesontherealestatemarket,trytopredicttheirprice.Priceasafunctionof
    sizeisacontinuousoutput,sothisisaregressionproblem.
    Wecouldturnthisexampleintoaclassificationproblembyinsteadmakingouroutputaboutwhetherthehouse
    "sellsformoreorlessthantheaskingprice."Hereweareclassifyingthehousesbasedonpriceintotwo
    discretecategories.

    UnsupervisedLearning
    https://share.coursera.org/wiki/index.php/ML:Introduction

    1/2

    28/09/2015

    ML:IntroductionCoursera

    Unsupervisedlearning,ontheotherhand,allowsustoapproachproblemswithlittleornoideawhatourresults
    shouldlooklike.Wecanderivestructurefromdatawherewedon'tnecessarilyknowtheeffectofthevariables.
    Wecanderivethisstructurebyclusteringthedatabasedonrelationshipsamongthevariablesinthedata.
    Withunsupervisedlearningthereisnofeedbackbasedonthepredictionresults,i.e.,thereisnoteacherto
    correctyou.Itsnotjustaboutclustering.Forexample,associativememoryisunsupervisedlearning.
    Example:
    Clustering:Takeacollectionof1000essayswrittenontheUSEconomy,andfindawaytoautomatically
    grouptheseessaysintoasmallnumberthataresomehowsimilarorrelatedbydifferentvariables,suchasword
    frequency,sentencelength,pagecount,andsoon.
    Associative:Supposeadoctoroveryearsofexperienceformsassociationsinhismindbetweenpatient
    characteristicsandillnessesthattheyhave.Ifanewpatientshowsupthenbasedonthispatientscharacteristics
    suchassymptoms,familymedicalhistory,physicalattributes,mentaloutlook,etcthedoctorassociatespossible
    illnessorillnessesbasedonwhatthedoctorhasseenbeforewithsimilarpatients.Thisisnotthesameasrule
    basedreasoningasinexpertsystems.Inthiscasewewouldliketoestimateamappingfunctionfrompatient
    characteristicsintoillnesses.
    Next:LinearRegressionwithOneVariable
    BacktoIndex:Main
    Retrievedfrom"https://share.coursera.org/wiki/index.php?title=ML:Introduction&oldid=18622"
    Category:
    ML:LectureNotes
    Thispagewaslastmodifiedon7November2013,at15:23.
    Thispagehasbeenaccessed41,075times.
    Privacypolicy
    AboutCoursera
    Disclaimers

    https://share.coursera.org/wiki/index.php/ML:Introduction

    2/2

    Potrebbero piacerti anche