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ObjectivesofBiologicalTreatment
Transformdissolvedandparticulate
p
biodegradableconstituentsintoacceptableend
products.
2. Captureandincorporatesuspendedand
nonsettleablecolloidalsolidsintoabiological
flocorbiofilm.
3. Transformandremovenutrients(N&P)
T
f
d
t i t (N&P)
4. Insomecases,removespecifictraceorganic
constituentsandcompounds.
1.

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Biodegradasi
y Salahsatufaktoryangberpengaruhpada

pertumbuhanmikroba:Oksigen(aerob,anaerob,
fakultatif)
y Masingmasingmengikutimekanismeyangberbeda

BiodegradasiAerob
FungsiOksigen
1.Electronacceptor
y
y
y

Fungsioksigenbisadigantikanolehsenyawalain,eg.
Nitrat,sulfat,hidrogen.
Biodegradasitetapberlangsungmeskipunoksigen
terbatas
Polutan+O2 CO2 +H2O+biomassa

2.Reaksienzymatis
y

Biodegradasiberhentijikaoksigentidakada

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BiodegradasiAnaerob
y Polutan CH4 +CO2 +biomassa
y Duatahapproses
CH4 andCO2
CO2 andCH4
H2S

Methaneforming
Bacteria

Second
Stage

Organic
acid

Acidforming
Bacteria(fakultatif)

Anaerob
SensitifthdpH

Organic
matter

First
Stage

Masalahumum:
organicshockloading

AnaerobvsAerob
Anaerob:
y Kelebihan

y Keterbatasan

y Produksibiomassa(sludge)

y Prosessensitif,khususnya

y
y

y Waktustartuprelatiflama

y
y
y

rendahdanstabil
Kebutuhannutrientrendah
Tdakmemerlukanenergi
untukaerasi
Menghasilkangasmetan(sbg
bahanbakar)
Organicloadingrates
(org/vol.waktu)tinggi
(org/vol waktu)tinggi
Sludgetetapaktifmeskipun
tdkadaumpandalamwaktu
lama

dariorganicshockloading

(pertumbmolambat)

y Perluposttreatment

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Typesofaerobicprocesses
Type
Suspended
th
growth

Attached
growth

Hybrid
(combined)
suspende &
attached

Comon name

Use

Activated sludge
Aerated lagoon
Aerobic digestion

} BOD removal

Trickling filter
Rotating biological
contactor
Packed bed reactor

Stabilization, BOD
removal

BOD removall

Trickling filter/ Activated BOD removal

sludge

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Activated sludge
Aerated lagoon
Aerobic digestion

Activatedsludge

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Effectoffilamentousorganismsinactivatedsludgeonmorphologyand
settleability:a)andb)interflocbridging;c)andd)diffuseflocstructure
bar=100micrometers

a)pinfloc;b)small,weakflocs;c)flocscontiningfilamentousorganisms; d)flocs
containingfilamentousorganismnetwork"orbackbone. Bar=10micrometers

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Activatedsludgewithplugflowreactor

Activatedsludgewithmixedflowreactor

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Activatedsludgewith
SequencingBatch
Reactor(SBR)

Aeratedlagoon

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Aeratedlagoon
Aerialviewofthe
VeazieSanitaryDistrict'saeratedlagoonsystem.

Tricklingfilter
Rotatingbiologicalcontactor

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Tricklingfilter
Atricklingfilterconsists
ofafixedbedofrocks,
gravel,slag,polyurethane
foam,sphagnumpeat
moss,orplasticmedia
overwhichsewageor
otherwastewaterflows
downwardandis
contactedwithalayeror
fil f i bi l li
filmofmicrobialslime
coveringthebedmedia.

Atypical
complete
tricklingfilter
system

10

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Tricklingfilter
Theprocessmechanisminvolves:

adsorptionoforganic
p
g
compoundsinthesewageor
otherwastewaterbythelayer
ofmicrobialslime,

diffusionofairintotheslime
layertofurnishtheoxygen
requiredforthebiochemical
oxidationoftheorganic
g
compoundstoreleasecarbon
dioxidegas,waterandother
oxidizedendproducts.

Rotatingbiologicalcontactor

11

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Rotatingbiologicalcontactor

12

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Typesofanaerobicprocesses
Type
Suspended
growth

Comon name
Anaerobic contact process
Anaerobic digestion

Use
BOD removal
Stabilization, solid
destruction, pathogen kill

Attached growth

Anaerobic packed and

fluidized bed

BOD removal, stabilization

Sludge blanket

Upflow anaerobic sludge

blanket

BOD removal (esp. high

strength)

Hybrid
(combined)
suspende &
attached

Upflow sludge
blanket/attached growth

BOD removal

13

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Anaerobicdigestion

Anaerobicdigestion

14

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Anaerobicpackedbed

15

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Anaerobicfluidizedbed

16

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Upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket

17