BASICPNEUMATICS

COURSE
MOHAMEDHUSSEIN

INTRODUCTION
Pneumatic has long been used for simple mechanical
work. However, it becomes more popular with the
introduction of sensor in its application for automatic
operations.

COURSECONTENT
Drive components
Energy supply
Control element
Signalling element
Processing element
Additional element

DRIVECOMPONENTS
In automation system, drive components might use
one of the following technologies :
Hydraulics uses liquid fluid
Electrical uses electricity
Pneumatics uses gas fluid

DRIVECOMPONENTS
Reasons to choose pneumatic:
Simplicity
Easy to use
Durability
Variable usage
Light
Easy to control

DRIVECOMPONENTS
Reasons not to choose pneumatics:
limited air volume
need for compressed air
variation constrain

DRIVECOMPONENTS
There are two types of actuator:
Linear
Rotary

LINEARACTUATOR
Linear pneumatic actuator is a cylinder. There are two
types of pneumatic cylinder:
Singleacting cylinder
Doubleacting cylinder
Things to be considered when choosing pneumatic
cylinder :
diameter
6 to 320 mm
stroke
1 to 2000 mm
force
2 to 50000 N
piston speed
0.02 to 1 m/s

DIN/ISO 1219 symbol for singleacting cylinder

Singleacting cylinders characteristics :

the spring force must be overcome during
the advance stroke, therefore it should be
taken into account during the calculation of
the work force
suitable for movement up to 4 inches
(100mm)
there should be enough spring force to
return the piston to its initial position at a
high enough speed.

Singleacting cylinders perform work in one direction

only. Therefore they are suitable for work such as
clamping, ejecting, pressing, lifting, etc. all works
that do not require exertion of force on the return
stroke (retract).

DIN/ISO 1219 symbol for doubleacting cylinder

Doubleacting cylinders characteristics:

stroke length is basically unlimited.
However, there is danger of buckling if the
stroke length is too long.
stroke length can be up to 80 inches (2000 mm)
can be used to perform work in both
directions. That is why they are used in most
applications.

Rotary actuator can be designed to swivel in various

ranges, 90o , 180o , 270o, 360o etc.
Typical rotary actuator applications include:
turning over work pieces
bending applications
actuating valves

Rotary actuator can be divided into two types:

Rotary cylinder
Rotary motor

Rotary cylinders are pneumatic actuators with limited

rotary motion.

DIN/ISO 1219 symbol for rotary cylinder

Rotary motors are pneumatic actuators with

continuous rotary motion. Rotary motors can perform
rotation either unidirection or bidirection.

DIN/ISO 1219 symbol for rotary cylinder

unidirection

bidirection