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Searching
Race against time.
Therefore;
Need to search quickly.
Identify shortcuts.
Balance analytical techniques with
Engineering Judgement.
Use Navigation tools.
Value
Retirement
Maturity
Infancy/Growth
Steam Engines
Typewriters
Oil/gas lamps
Floppy discs
Passenger jet!
Birth
Conception
Time
Consequences of Late to
Market
Audit/ approval
Legal obligation
Audit decision making
process
Challenge and
critique
Need to justify
decisions and
processes
Need to demonstrate
scope of search
Module SESA2007/SESM2008 ; Engineering
Design
James Scanlan; School of Engineering Sciences
Navigation tools
In terrestrial navigation generally 2
dimensions and a single unit of
measure.
Wider Issues
Design organisation under
increasing pressure to embrace
wider issues such as
Environmental issues
Aesthetics
Political issues (offset,
workshare)
Minority, disabled requirements
Psychological; safety perception
Module SESA2007/SESM2008 ; Engineering
Design
James Scanlan; School of Engineering Sciences
Search Space
Specification
Initial Concepts
Increasing
level of detail
Outline Schemes
Manufacturing Data
Module SESA2007/SESM2008 ; Engineering
Design
James Scanlan; School of Engineering Sciences
10
Search space
Even For a Simple
Product the Potential
Search Space is Vast
Assembly a
Part a
Parameter
Parameter
Design
Concept 1
Assembly b
Assembly c
Part b
Parameter
Parameter
Parameter
Parameter
Parameter
Concept 2
Parameter
Assembly d
Assembly a
Assembly b
Assembly c
Assembly d
Concept 3
Concept 4
Concept 5
Assembly a...n
Assembly a...n
Assembly a...n
Searching is Expensive
Part c
Part d
Part a...n
Part a...n
Part a...n
Part a...n
Part a...n
Part a...n
Part a...n
Parameter ..n
Parameter ..n
Parameter ..n
Parameter ..n
Parameter ..n
Parameter ..n
Parameter ..n
Parameter ..n
Parameter ..n
Design Methodologies
Ensure That a Search Takes
Place in a Rigorous and
Systematic Manner
Module SESA2007/SESM2008 ; Engineering
Design
James Scanlan; School of Engineering Sciences
11
Search Strategy
Depth First
Strengths/
Weaknesses?
Breadth
First
Module SESA2007/SESM2008 ; Engineering
Design
James Scanlan; School of Engineering Sciences
12
13
TIME
14
S-Curve Families
* Every single component in the system has its own
family of s-curves
* (Every components manufacturing process has its
own family of s-curves)
* At the lower hierarchy levels, the more likely it is
that the designer will design at the top right hand
end of the family
15
S-Curve Families
Value
Automobile
Value
Suspension
Time
Time
Value
Value
Engine
Value
Piston
Time
Transmission
Time
Time
Value
Fuel
Injection
Value
Time
Valve
Timing
Time
16
Effectiveness/quality of idea
Ideation; concept
classification
Outstanding
Good
Difficult
Easy
17
Concept selection
Constraint filter
Cut-off point
Ranking tool
Module SESA2007/SESM2008 ; Engineering
Design
James Scanlan; School of Engineering Sciences
18
Morph Charts
Fig 10: External flange concepts and favoured solutions
External
Flange
Valve
Form
"Duck" Valve
Simple
Leak prone
Circular
Symmetry
Fixed
Low Parts
count
Failure requires
Elongated
Will sit in skin "fold"
Less easy to
prototype
Easy to
Prototype
Bulky
Cushioned
Outer
Flange
Attachment
Membrane
Plate Valve
Positive
Poor Seating
Simple
Wear
Takes up
"slack".
Cleanability,
Manufacturability
Snap-Fit
Screw
Attach
Simple
Wear
Positive
Complex
Spool Valve
"T-Bar"
Drain
Attachment
Direct
Parts count V
Bulky Port
Use
Adaptor
Bayonet
Mount Simple
Positive
Wear
Wear
Deformable 'rubber'
& spring
Front
Connection
Clip
Simpl
e
Flexible
Extra Part
Simple
Single use
Positive
Dexterity
Retractable
Lugs Positive
Complex
Reed valve
Side
Connection
Ball Valve
Hinge clips
Low profile
Complexity
Positive
Dexterity
Good Seating
Cost
Simple
Leak prone
19
Morph Charts
Retention
Method
External
Torque
Deployed
Paddles
Subcutaneous
Flange
Skin
Adhesive
/Dressing
Internal
Stretched
Dome
Positive
Complex Portal
Tube, Torque req'd
Trapdoor
Mechanism
Semi-Permanent
Emergency removal.
Limited No of Reinsetions.
Very Simple
Need to Reapply Daily
Simple
Retention Force?
Insertion Complexity
Inflatable
Torus
Positive
Complex
Portal Tube
Proven
Limited
Life?
Snap
Hinge/Spring
Linkage
Body
Piercing
'Studs'
OverCentre
Cage
Memory
Alloys
Simple to Use
Retention Force?
Complex to Manufacture
Hinge
Petals
Simple to deploy
Complex.
Retention Force
Positive
Costly, Complex to
insert/ remove
Semi-permanent
Emergency removal,
infection prone, semiinvasive, aesthetics
Tendon
Methods
Simple to deploy
Possible low
retention force
Positive
Costly, Complex
20
Summary; concept
generation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
21