In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Community Medicine
Presented to the Faculty of
Preventive Medicine and Community Health
University of Perpetual Help Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University

Kaalamang Pangkalusugan

Residents:
Dr. Tabag
Dr. Pawig
Dr. Serrano
Dr. Medina
Post Graduate Interns:
Glory, Jona
Flores, Ralph Johann
Mahamod, Sitti-Niehal
Manzanilla, Mhylanie Rose
Junior Interns:
Antonio, Neil
Bartolome, Avegail
Bonus, Corina
Cristobal, Marc Chester
Distor, Gretchen
Gonzales, Godfrey
Lingan, Kath
Lopez, Jane
Molato, Donna
Pinedes, Kimberly
Valentino, Yola-Ann
August 2015

ACTION PLAN REPORT

Title of the Project:

Kaalamang Pangkalusugan

General Objectives of the study:

To develop the knowledge of Jonelta patients on primary health care
regarding common OPD consults.
Specific Objectives of the study:

To discuss the common OPD consultation diseases

To discuss the natural history of the common OPD consult

To discuss the level of prevention of common OPD consult

To discuss screening of lifestyle diseases commonly seen on OPD

Strategies/Activities:
Pre Test
Short Discussion
Post Test
Flyers Dissemination

Target:
This project focuses on the Jonelta OPD patients in University of
Perpetual Help Binan, Laguna.
Resources:

Family Medicine Residents, Post Graduate Interns and Junior Interns

Informational materials gathered from:

a. Website =
b.

Flyers to be given to respondents who attended.

Accomplishments:

40 minutes discussion completed.

10-20 respondents attended the discussion.

Flyers were given to participants

Pre-tests and post tests given, evaluated and tabulated.

Performance indicator:

Number of respondents who will participate in the seminar (10-20).

Awareness of the participants based on the pre-tests and post tests

given and evaluated.

Timetable:
Date
August
August
August
August
August
August
August

11
12
17
20
24
25
28

Activities
Action Plan Proposal
Finalization of Action Plan Proposal
Diabetes Mellitus
Malnutrition
Disaster Counseling
Hypertension
Final Presentation of Action Plan

Budget:
1 printed pamphlet

Php 1.00

 40 photocopy of pamphlet
1 printed questionnaire
40 photocopy of questionnaire
TOTAL

Php 20.00
Php 1.00
Php 20.00
Php 42.00

INTRODUCTION
A UTI is an infection in the urinary tract. Infections are caused by
microbesorganisms too small to be seen without a microscopeincluding
fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Bacteria are the most common cause of UTIs.
Normally, bacteria that enter the urinary tract are rapidly removed by the
body before they cause symptoms. However, sometimes bacteria overcome
the bodys natural defenses and cause infection. An infection in the urethra
is called urethritis. A bladder infection is called cystitis. Bacteria may travel
up the ureters to multiply and infect the kidneys. A kidney infection is called
pyelonephritis.
The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes
and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a
bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs, each
about the size of a fist and located below the ribs, one on each side of the
spine, toward the middle of the back. Every minute, a persons kidneys filter
about 3 ounces of blood, removing wastes and extra water. The wastes and
extra water make up the 1 to 2 quarts of urine an adult produces each day.
Children produce less urine each day; the amount produced depends on their
age. The urine travels from the kidneys down two narrow tubes called the
ureters. The urine is then stored in a balloonlike organ called the bladder.
Routinely, urine drains in only one directionfrom the kidneys to the bladder.
The bladder fills with urine until it is full enough to signal the need to urinate.
In children, the bladder can hold about 2 ounces of urine plus 1 ounce for
each year of age. For example, an 8-year-olds bladder can hold about 10
ounces of urine. When the bladder empties, a muscle called the sphincter
relaxes and urine flows out of the body through a tube called the urethra at
the bottom of the bladder. The opening of the urethra is at the end of the
penis in boys and in front of the vagina in girls.

Most UTIs are caused by bacteria that live in the bowel. The
bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes the vast majority of UTIs. The
urinary tract has several systems to prevent infection. The points where the
ureters attach to the bladder act like one-way valves to prevent urine from
backing up, or refluxing, toward the kidneys, and urination washes microbes
out of the body. Immune defenses also prevent infection. But despite these
safeguards, infections still occur. Certain bacteria have a strong ability to
attach themselves to the lining of the urinary tract.
Children who often delay urination are more likely to develop UTIs.
Regular urination helps keep the urinary tract sterile by flushing away
bacteria. Holding in urine allows bacteria to grow. Producing too little urine
because of inadequate fluid intake can also increase the risk of developing a
UTI. Chronic constipationa condition in which a child has fewer than two
bowel movements a weekcan add to the risk of developing a UTI. When the
bowel is full of hard stool, it presses against the bladder and bladder neck,
blocking the flow of urine and allowing bacteria to grow.
Some children develop UTIs because they are prone to such infections,
just as other children are prone to getting coughs, colds, or ear infections.
Throughout childhood, the risk of having a UTI is 2 percent for boys
and 8 percent for girls. Having an anomaly of the urinary tract, such as urine
reflux from the bladder back into the ureters, increases the risk of a UTI.
Boys who are younger than 6 months old who are not circumcised are at
greater risk for a UTI than circumcised boys the same age.

Significance of the study

The study was done to increase the level of awareness of Jonelta OPD
patients on primary health care regarding to the most common OPD
consultations

Results and Discussion

Table 1. Distribution among Guardians According to Definition/Meaning of
UTI:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Defintion
Pre Test
Kidney Disease
8 out of 30
Urinary
tract 24 out of 30
Infection
Hematologic
0 out of 30
Infection
Liver Infection
0 out of 30

Post Test
1 out of 30
29 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30

Table 2. Distribution Of Guardians According To Their Awareness As To

Etiology
Cause of UTI
a. Microorganism
b. Parasites
c. Pests
d. Insects

Pre Test
21 out of 30
9 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30

Post Test
29 out of 30
1 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30

Table 3 Distribution Of Guardians According To Their Awareness As To

Transmission
Acquired through
Pre Test
a. Untidy
1 out of 30
surroundings
b. Holding back of 29 out of 30
Urine
c. Oral droplets
0 out of 30
d. Drop of blood
0 out of 30

Post Test
0 out of 30
30 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30

Table 4. Distribution Of Guardians According To Their Awareness As To

Symptoms
Symptoms of UTI
a. Abdominal pain
b. Fever
c. Dysuria

Pre Test
9 out of 30
20 out of 30
10 out of 30

Post Test
25 out of 30
26 out of 30
24 out of 30

d. Vomiting

1 out of 30

1 out of 30

Table 5. Distribution Of Guardians According To Their Awareness As To

Symptoms
Symptoms of UTI
a. Pelvic pain
b. Polyuria
c. Dizziness
d. Hematuria

Pre Test
9 out of 30
10 out of 30
0 out of 30
11 out of 30

Post Test
5 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30
25 out of 30

Table 6 Distribution Of Guardians According To Their Awareness As To

Management And Treatment
Management of UTI
a. Consult a doctor
b. Drink lots of
water
c. Take vitamin C
d. Rest

Pre Test
17 out of 30
12 out of 30
1 out of 30
0 out of 30

Post Test
30 out of 30
30 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30

Table 7 Distribution of Guardians According to Complications

Complications
a. Infection can go
up to the kidney
b. Infection
can
spread
to the
blood
c. Remain only in
the
urinary
bladder

Pre Test
25 out of 30

Post Test
30 out of 30

6 out of 30

25 out of 30

1 out of 30

0 out of 30

Table 8 Distribution Of Guardians According To Their Awareness As To

Prevention And Control
Prevention of UTI
1.
2.
3.
4.

Drink lot of water

Urinate regularly
Eating salty foods
Proper perineal

Pre Test
21 out of 30
8 out of 30
0 out of 30
7 out of 30

Post Test
30 out of 30
30 out of 30
0 out of 30
30 out of 30

hygiene

Table 9 Distribution Of Guardians According To Their Awareness As To

Prevention And Control

a.
b.
c.
d.

Glasses of
water/day
1-3
4-5
67
8 or more

Pre Test
1 out of 30
0 out of 30
3 out of 30
26 out of 30

Post Test
0 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30
30 out of 30

Table 10 Distribution of Guardians According To Their Awareness As To

Prevention And Control
Foods to eat to
prevent
a. Healthy foods
b. Salty foods
c. Sweet foods
d. Fatty foods

Pre Test
30 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30

Post Test
30 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30
0 out of 30

Table 2. Computation of T-test of Ungroup Data (Pretest and Posttest)

Question
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Pre test

Post test

D2

24
21
29
20
11
17
25
21
26
30
X= 22.4

29
29
30
26
25
30
30
30
30
30
X= 28.9

-5
-8
-1
-6
-14
-13
-5
-9
-4
0

25
64
1
36
196
169
25
81
16
0
2
d =613

d= 24

Pretest:
Questi
on no.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

24
21
29
20
11
17
25
21
26
30
X=

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10

fx

(X-)
Observation
mean
24-22.4=1.0
21-22.4=-1.4
29-22.4=6.6
20-22.4=-2.4
11-22.4=-11.4
17-22.4=-5.4
25-22.4=2.6
21-22.4=-1.4
26-22.4=3.6
30-22.4=7.6

(X-)
Absolute
mean
1.6
-1.4
6.6
-2.4
-11.4
-5.4
2.6
-1.4
3.6
7.6

22.4

(X1-)2

____________

n
=292/10
= 29.2

(X1- )2

________
n

29.2

= 5.403702

X= number of respondents who answered correctly

f= factors

Fx2
(X-)2
Squared
deviation
2.56
1.96
43.56
5.76
129.96
29.6
6.76
1.96
12.96
57.76
Total= 292.24

Post test:
Questio
n no.

1
2
3
4

29
29
30
25

1
1
1
1

30
30
30
30
30
30
=26.3

1
1
1
1
1
1
10

fx

Fx2

(X-)

(X-)
absolute

(X-)2
Squared
deviation
7.29
7.29
13.69
1.69

29-26.3=2.7
29-26.3=2.7
30-26.3=3.7
25-26.3=-

2.7
2.7
3.7
-1.3

30-26.3=3.7
30-26.3=3.7
30-26.3=3.7
30-26.3=3.7
30-26.3=3.7
30-26.3=3.7

3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7

6.3
5
6
7
8
9
10

(X1-)2

____________

n
=8.5/ 10
= 0.85

(X1- )2

________
n

0.85

=0.921954

X= number of respondents who answered correctly

f= factors

13.69
13.69
13.69
13.69
13.69
13.69
Total=8.5

T test computation
df= n-1
= 30-1
= 29
a= 0.05
critical value= 2.0452

t=

65
30 (613) (65)2
30-1
t = 2.18045

Analysis
Upon pre-test, the score of the respondents are low which means they
have little knowledge about the disease as to its etiology, transmission,
symptoms, management and prevention.
The result of the T-test of the 2 dependent variables showed there is a
significant difference between the results of the pre-test and the post-test of
the participants.
The significant difference in the result of the post-test means that
there is an increase in the level of awareness of the participants to the
disease per se.

Summary
The study was done at Dona Aurora Binan Elementary School,
barangay Santo Domingo, Binan, Laguna with the target population of 20-30
guardians among preschool children. This was done to increase the level of

awareness of the population to the disease Urinary Tract Infection, focus

group discussion was used to disseminate information to the participants.
Pre-test and post-test were also given to evaluate if the implementation of
project will be effective to achieve its objectives. Pamphlets were also given
to keep the knowledge gained by the participants in this study.

Conclusion
The objective of the study which is to increase the level of awareness
has been attained. There is a significant difference in the result of the
statistical analysis, therefore the study has been effective to increase the
level of awareness of 30 guardians among preschool children

who

participated in the project.

Recommendation
Based from the obtained results, the author would like to recommend
the following:

a. Encourage the other members of the community to utilize the

health center when one of the family member is ill.
b. Emphasize the importance of knowing the manifestations of the
disease other than the genitourinary symptoms.
c. Extend the awareness of the participants to the other part of
the community

Appendix A
UPH Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University
College of Medicine
Department of PMCH
Pangalan: ___________________________
Edad/Kasarian: ____
QUESTIONAIRES:
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Bilugan ang tamang sagot :
1. Ang UTI ay:
a. sakit sa Bato

c. Impeksyon sa dugo

b. Impeksyon sa daanan ng ihi

d. Impeksyon sa Atay

2. Ang sanhi ng sakit na UTI ay:

a. Mikrobyo

c. peste

b. Parasitiko

d. insekto

3. Ang isa sa maaring maging sanhi nito ay:

a. Maduming paligid
b. Pagpipigil ng ihi

c. talsik ng laway
d. patak ng dugo

4. Mga sintomas ng UTI:

a. Pagsakit ng tiyan
b. Nilalagnat

c. Masakit na pag ihi

d. pagsusuka

5. Iba pang sintomas nito:

a. Pagsakit ng puson
b. Balisawsaw

c. nahihilo
d. may dugo sa ihi

6. Kung nakakaranas ng isa o higit pa sa mga sintomas n nabanggit,

nararapat na:
a. Kumonsulta sa doktor

c. Uminom ng vitamin C

b. Uminom ng maraming tubig

d. magpahinga

7. Mga komplikasyon na maaaring makuha sa UTI:

a. Maaaring umakyat hanggang sa bato ang impeksyon
b. Maaaring kumalat sa dugo ang impeksyon at kumalat sa buong
katawan
c. Hanggang sa pantog lamang ang sakit

8. Maiiwasan ang UTI sa pamamagitan ng:

a. Pag inom ng madaming tubig

c. pagkain ng maalat

b. Iwasan magpigil ng ihi

pagpunas ng Puwerta.

d.

tamang

direksyon

ng

9. Upang maiwasan ang UTI, nararapat na inuming tubig sa loob ng isang

araw:
a. 1- 3 baso
b. b. 4 5 baso

10.

c. 6 7 baso
d. 8 o higit pa

Mga tamang pagkain upang maiwasan ang UTI:

a. masusustansyang pagkain
b. Maalat na pagkain
c. Matamis na pagkain
d. matatabang pagkain

--Maraming Salamat po.

Appendix B
List Of Participants
Name

Age/Sex

1. Randell de Leon

21/M

2. Dianne Camposagrado

19/F

3. Leo Martin

35/M

4. Archgel Banez

60/M

5. Ma. Salome Bustamante

33/F

6. Lerma Pardo

22/F

7. Michelle Aguirre

34/F

8. Carmelita Frias

54/F

9. Remelyn Guzman

24/F

10.Alejandro Avelino

29/M

11.Beverly Naval

53/F

12.Esmeralda Almoro

39/F

13.Rica Raymundo

32/F

14.Maureen Escueta

31/F

15.Marlyn Amata

31/F

16.Joana Marie Navales

30/F

17.Thelma Cunanan

42/F

18.Rechelle Ongkiatco

28/F

19.Noemi Lingad

21/F

20.Mabelyn Magsino

22/F

21.Mary Jean Antones

27/F

22.Michelle Jamot

25/F

23.Sigfredo enoce

28/M

24.Willard Daygon

20/M

25.Cristina Bande

50/F

26.MA. Concepcion Naval

44/F

27.Jonalyn Silva

39/F

28.Arlene Sureta

33/F

29.Angela Amoranto

26/F

30.Jeannie Llanza

26/F

Appendix C
Flyers

Appendix D