1.

OBJECTIVE
1.1

To determine how shear force varies with an increasing point load.

1.2

To examine how shear force varies at the cut position of the beam for various
loading condition.

2.0

LEARNING OUTCOME

2.1

To Application the engineering knowledge in practical application.

2.2

To enhance technical competency in structural engineering through laboratory

application.

2.3

To communicate effectively in group.

2.4

To identify problem, solving and finding out appropriate solution through

laboratory application.

3.0

INTRODUCTION
Beams are defined as a slender members and support loadings that are applied

perpendicular to their longitudinal axis. Generally, beams are long, straight bars and having a
constant cross sectional area. It can be classified as one of the most structural members.
Shear force is the force that acting perpendicular to its longitudinal x-axis in the
beam. The important factor in designing beam is the ability of beam to resist shear force. This
ability is more important than to resist axial force, the force that acting parallel to the
longitudinal axis.

4.0

THEORY
Part 1:

Part 2:
Use the statement:
The shear force at cut is equal to the algebraic sum of the force acting to the left
or right of the cut

5.0

APPARATUS

Apparatus for Shear Force Experiment

Digital Force Display

Loader (1 = 100gm)

The

6.0

PROCEDURE
Part 1
1. The Digital Force Display meter is checked to ensure the reading is zero with no
load.
2. A hanger with load of 100g mass is placed to the left of the cut.
3. The Digital Force Displays reading is recorded in table 1. This step is repeated by
using different masses between 200g and 500g.
4. The unit for the reading is converted from mass into a load in Newton (by
multiplied with 9.81) and the force reading into bending moment (Nm). The
following expression is used:
Shear Force at cut (Nm) = Displayed Force
5. The theoretical value of shear force is calculated and Table 1 is completed.

Part 2
1. The Digital Force Display meter is checked to ensure the reading is zero with no
load.
2. The hangers are loaded on the beam in any position carefully and the loads
exampled as in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4. Table 2 is completed.
3. The force reading is converted into bending moment (Nm) by using:
Shear Force at cut (Nm) = Displayed Force
4. The support reaction at RA and RB and the theoretical value of shear force are
calculated.

Figure 2

7.0

RESUTS

Table 1:
Mass (g)
0
100
200
300
400
500

Load (N)
0
0.9810
2.9430
3.4335
3.9240
4.4145

Force (N)
0
-0.4
-0.7
-1.0
-1.3
-1.6

Experimental Bending

Theoritical Bending

Moment (Nm)

Moment (Nm)

0
0.4
0.7
1.0
1.3
1.6

0
0.312
0.6248
1.092
1.255
1.415

Table 2:
No

W1

W2

Force

(N)

(N)

(N)

2
3
4

3.924
1.962
1.962

0
2.943
2.943

-1.3
1.7
0.3

Experimental

RA (N)

RB (N)

Bending Moment

Bending

(Nm)
-1.3
1.7
0.3

Theoritical

- 3.920
2.720
1.338

-5.172
2.177
1.247

Moment (Nm)
1.248
-2.728
-0.624

8.0

ANALYSIS DATA
Calculation for Theoritical Shear Force value.

PART 1:
Example:
Load = 0.981N
MB = 0

MA = 0

FY = 0

RA (0.44) -0.981 (0.14) = 0

- RB (0.44) + 0.981 (0.3) = 0

RA - W - VC = 0

0.44 RA = 0.137

0.44 RA = 0.294

0.3121 0.981 = VC

RA = 0.3121N

RA = 0.669N

VC = - 0.669N

MB = 0

MA = 0

FY = 0

RA (0.44) -2.9430 (0.14) = 0

- RB (0.44) + 2.9430 (0.3) = 0 RA - W - VC = 0

0.44 RA = 0.137

0.44 RA = 0.294

0.3121 2.9430 = VC

RA = 0.625N

RA = 2.01N

VC = - 2.01N

Load = 2.9430N

Load = 3.4335N
MB = 0

MA = 0

FY = 0

RA (0.44) -3.4335 (0.14) = 0

- RB (0.44) + 3.4335 (0.3) = 0 RA - W - VC = 0

0.44 RA = 0.481

0.44 RA = 0.294

1.092 3.4335 = VC

RA = 1.092N

RA = 2.341N

VC = - 2.341N

MB = 0

MA = 0

FY = 0

RA (0.44) -3.942 (0.14) = 0

- RB (0.44) + 3.942 (0.3) = 0

RA - W - VC = 0

0.44 RA = 0552

0.44 RA = 1.1826

1.255 3.942 = VC

RA = 1.255N

RA = 2.688N

VC = - 2.688N

MB = 0

MA = 0

FY = 0

RA (0.44) -4.4145 (0.14) = 0

- RB (0.44) + 4.4145 (0.3) = 0 RA - W - VC = 0

0.44 RA = 0.618

0.44 RA = 1.324

1.415 4.4145 = VC

RA = 1.415N

RA = 3.0N

VC = - 3.0N

Load = 3.9240N

Load = 4.4145N

Part 2:
Example No. 1 (Figure 2)

FY = 0
RA - W - VC = 0
RA - W = VC
VC = 5.172 3.924
VC = - 1.248N
No. 2 (Figure 3)

W1 = 1.962N
RA = 2.72N
RA W1 W2 VC = 0
RA W1 W2 = VC
VC = 2.72 1.962 2.943
VC = - 2.728N

W2 = 2.943N

FY = 0

No. 3 (Figure 4)

W1 = 1.962N
RA = 1.338N
FY = 0
RA W1 VC = 0
RA W1 = VC
VC = 1.338 1.962
VC = - 0.624N

9.0

DISCUSSION

Part 1
1. Derive equation 1

2. Plot a graph, which compare your experimental result to those you calculated using
theory
Refer to the graph..
3. Comment on the shape of the graph. What does it tell you about how bending
moment varies due to an incresing load?
From the graph, we can see shear force is linearly perpendicular to the increasing
load. When the load increase, the shear force also increase. The experimental value is almost
the same as theoritical value.
4. Does the equation you used accurately predict the behavior of the beam?
Yes, from the graph, we discover the value between experimental shear force and
theoritical shear force value is almost the same as the difference percetage is lower.

Part 2
1. Comment on how the results of the experiments compare with those calculated using
the theory.
the result that obtained from table is different. This is because of the result experimental shear
force were originally taken while doing the experiment compare with theoritical shear force
obtained from the calculation.
Perhaps during the experiment being carried out, there are some errors due to equipment or
enviromental interference.
2. Does the experiment proof that the shear force at the cut is equal to the algebraic sum
of the forces acting to the left or right of the cut. If not, why?
Yes, shear force at the cut is equal to the algebraic sum of the force acting to the left or right
of the cut, the shear force can be calculated based on the data distance. Proof by our
exeriment, distance effects the shear force.
3. Plot the shear force diagram for load casses in figure 2, 3 and 4.
Refer to the diagram in appendix.
4. Comment on the shape of the graph. What does it tell you about how shear forces
varies due due to loading condition?
The value of shear force will be in positive or negative where these values will influenced the
diagram. Either the shear force diagram locatesd at the above or below. The condition of load
also will influenced the value of shear force. From this, it wil help us to draw the diagram.

10.0

CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, after we had done the experiment, we found that the vale of load that

applies on the beam will affect the shear force value. Besides, the distance of the point load
will also affect the result value.
From the data gathered in the experiment, we realise thebeam shear is defined as the
internal shear stress of a beam caused by bending of the beam.

APPENDIX
Graph

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1

Experimental value

0.8

Theoritical Value

0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.98099999999999998

3.4335

4.4145000000000003