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TABLE 1
Total
No Qualification
Primary
Secondary
Upper Secondary
Polytechnic
University
Singapore
Residents
1990
2000
1990
2000
Per Cent
Permanent
Residents
1990
2000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.3
27.0
26.5
7.3
3.5
4.5
19.6
23.1
24.6
14.9
6.2
11.7
31.5
26.8
27.0
7.3
3.4
4.0
20.9
23.6
25.3
14.5
6.3
9.5
27.2
30.9
16.7
7.1
3.8
14.2
7.5
17.6
18.5
18.4
5.2
32.7
Citizens
TABLE 2
Total
No Qualification
Primary
Secondary
Upper Secondary
Polytechnic
University
Chinese
Malays
Indians
Others
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.0
25.6
25.7
7.6
4.1
5.1
20.2
21.9
23.2
15.0
7.0
12.6
30.5
33.1
30.0
4.9
0.9
0.6
20.0
30.1
32.1
12.9
2.9
2.0
27.7
31.4
27.8
7.7
1.2
4.1
13.9
24.5
26.4
15.6
3.1
16.5
15.5
26.5
33.9
12.2
2.3
9.6
7.5
16.2
25.2
19.9
3.8
27.5
Ethnic Group
Singapore
Residents
1990
2000
Citizens
1990
2000
Per Cent
Permanent
Residents
1990
2000
Total
4.5
11.7
4.0
9.5
14.2
32.7
Chinese
Malays
Indians
Others
5.1
0.6
4.1
9.6
12.6
2.0
16.5
27.5
4.6
0.6
3.6
5.3
10.8
1.8
8.1
11.0
16.3
0.8
9.0
31.9
29.7
5.6
51.0
51.1
significantly over the decade from 5 per cent to 11 per cent for polytechnic
graduates and from 7 per cent to 24 per cent for university graduates.
While the older adults were not as well-qualified as the younger ones, the
proportions with at least secondary qualifications were still quite high at 63 per
cent amongst those aged 3544 years and 47 per cent for those aged 4554 years.
However, relatively lower proportions of the older adults were polytechnic or
university graduates.
TABLE 4
Total
No Qualification
Primary
Secondary
Upper Secondary
Polytechnic
University
3544
4554
1990
2000
1990
2000
1990
2000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.2
31.2
36.9
7.6
4.9
7.2
4.3
14.1
25.7
20.6
10.9
24.4
23.9
35.2
26.3
7.0
2.4
5.2
9.7
27.1
30.9
15.1
4.7
12.4
49.7
27.4
13.6
4.6
1.2
3.5
19.8
32.7
26.1
12.5
2.1
6.7
Compared with 1990, all age groups had shown significant increases in the
proportion with secondary or higher qualifications. The ageing of the bettereducated cohorts had helped improve the education profile of the older population.
Parity in Educational Attainment between Younger Males and Females
With equal education opportunities, younger females were as wellqualified as their male counterparts. In 2000, 81 per cent of females aged 2534
years and 62 per cent of those aged 3544 years had at least secondary
qualifications (Chart 1). The corresponding proportions for the males were 82
per cent and 64 per cent. There was greater education disparity between males
and females in the older age groups.
CHART 1
83.7 85.8
Per Cent
Female
82.2 81.2
64.2 62.0
52.8
42.1
27.8
13.6
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55 & Over
EDUCATIONAL UPGRADING
More Non-Graduates Acquired Additional Qualifications
Continuing education and upgrading through the attainment of technical,
commercial and vocational qualifications at non-tertiary levels have become more
prevalent. Among residents who were not university or polytechnic graduates in
2000, 13 per cent had acquired technical, commercial or vocational qualifications
after leaving school. This was higher than the corresponding proportion of 9.2 per
cent in 1995. The increase was most marked for the prime working age groups
between the ages of 25 and 39 years (Chart 2).
CHART 2
Per Cent
35
30
25
2000
20
1995
15
10
5
0
1519
2024
2529
3034
3539
4044
TABLE 5
Total
No Qualification
Primary
Secondary
Upper Secondary
Males
Females
1995
2000
1995
2000
1995
2000
9.2
13.1
11.3
16.0
7.3
10.4
0.6
6.7
16.3
17.3
1.2
9.4
22.7
22.7
1.2
9.7
18.2
14.6
2.5
13.1
25.6
21.6
0.2
2.9
14.5
19.8
0.5
5.1
20.0
23.7
No
Qualification
1995
2000
1995
2000
1995
2000
Per Cent
Upper
Secondary
1995
2000
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
82.0
16.0
1.0
1.0
81.6
18.4
-
72.5
25.2
1.5
0.8
73.2
23.6
1.4
1.8
33.0
44.6
16.5
5.9
45.9
37.1
10.6
6.4
20.3
22.6
40.5
16.5
36.0
32.7
20.7
10.6
Certificate
Advanced Certificate
Diploma / Advanced Diploma
Professional Qualification
Primary
Secondary
Singapore
Total Population
1990
2000
TOTAL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
58.3
26.5
10.8
4.4
45.1
25.0
18.4
11.6
57.5
27.5
10.9
4.1
42.5
26.2
20.5
10.8
57.2
26.8
10.1
5.9
53.8
24.2
11.5
10.5
Below Secondary
Secondary
Post Secondary
University
Notes :
Singapore
Resident Population
1990
2000
Hong Kong
Total Population
1991
2001
Data refer to persons aged 15 years and over. For Singapore, highest qualification attained refers to the highest
standard passed or the highest level where a certificate, diploma or degree is awarded. Students highest qualification
attained were imputed from their level of education attending. For Hong Kong, data refer to the highest level of
education completed.
Today, Singapore has a relatively larger graduate pool than Hong Kong.
Of the total population in Singapore in 2000, 12 per cent were university
graduates. Foreign talent inflows provided an important source for the increase in