Exercise I

1. Nine is NOT a prime number because it is a composite number. Prime numbers have only two
factors: one and itself, and composite numbers have divisors. Since 9 has a divisor rather
than 1 and itself, which is three is because 9 can be divided by 3, nine is not a prime
number. [9/3=3] [3x3=9]
2. Seven IS a prime number because prime numbers have only two factors, one and itself, and
seven meets the requirements. Seven can only be divided by one and seven.
3. A molecule of water has three atoms in it. Waters chemical formula is H20. This means it
has 2 atoms of hydrogen, and 1 atom of oxygen. It sums up to 3 atoms, in a water molecule.
4. Water in NOT made up of carbon. You can know this because in waters chemical formula
which is H2O, it doesnt have any components of carbon that is represented by the letter C.
It just has the 2 Hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom. If it would be made up of carbon it
would not be H20 it would be something like H20C.
5. The U.S. president lives in Washington, D.C. This is evident because all presidents of the
United States have to live in the official residence and principal workplace, the White House.
The White house is located in Washington, D.C. Therefore, we can conclude that the current
U.S. president, Barack Obama, lives in Washington D.C.
6. The Earth is not flat. There are many ways to prove that the Earth is not flat, but now that
technology has immensely developed, the easiest way to know that the Earth is spherical is to
view it from a distance. Astronauts and space probes have gone out of Earth and taken
pictures that show the spherical shape of the planet. Furthermore, we can also know that
Earth is not flat because if it would be there would be ends, and you could fall off.
7. Humans have walked on the moon. To be specific, 12 people have walked on the moon. The
first person to walk on the moon was Neil Armstrong, on July 21, 1969. There are pictures
that prove this.
8. Most bicycles have two wheels. When anybody thinks of a bicycle, most of the time they
imagine a picture of a human-powered, pedal-driven, two wheeled vehicle. Even though there
are bicycles with more than two wheels, the concept itself of bicycle is a vehicle with two
wheels. Thats why it is called a bicycle (bi- two, cycle-wheels). It is the most commonly
seen, in any part of the world, and it was the scientific name given to the human powered
vehicle with two wheels.
Exercise II

1. In countries where flooding is a danger, it is safer to place electrical outlets above floor
level. (General principal/ laws)
2. The Netherlands is a country where flooding is a danger. (Phenomenon explained in (1)(3) and initial condition in (3)-(6))In The Netherlands the electrical outlets are above floor
level. (Initial condition)
3.

Colonial settlers tend to preserve their home customs, practices, and styles in their

colonies. (General principal/ laws)

4. Indonesia was formerly a Dutch colony. (Initial condition)
5. As a result, because colonial settlers tend to preserve their practices in their colonies, in
this case in India, and Netherlands is a country where flooding is a danger, the electrical
outlets in India are above floor level. (Phenomenon explained)(conclusion)

Exercise II
1. Air has a certain density, as does the balloon, and the balloon is less dense than the air.
Hence, if an object in a liquid or gas is less dense than the liquid or gas, then the object
will rise. Therefore, as the balloon is less dense than the air, the balloon rises.
2. There is an international date line because without it, it would be chaotic. In some
countries it could be night but outside bright, or some places bright and sunny at 12a.m.
The paradoxes and practical difficulties that would arise without an international date line
are our initial conditions. The general principle is that we set up a system of marking time
in order to avoid paradoxes and practical difficulties.
3. Average temperatures tend to be higher closer to the equator because the equator is
almost directly perpendicular to the sun rays, meaning it receives the sun rays head on,
rather than at an oblique angle.
4. Usually more college freshmen plan to go to medical school than high school seniors
because they have a clearer vision of what they want to do or have to do for their life. In
easy words, reality hits them. They start to make more logical and necessary decisions
instead of avoiding the situations like you do when you are in high school under the roof
of your parents.
5. No textbooks are more than eighteen inches high because it would be very inconvenient.
It would be hard to carry, to use, and to store.
6. Most cars have four tires because you have to keep it in balance, 4 tires ideally balances
the weight of the car. Also, automobile companies have tested and concluded that 4
wheels is ideal taking into consideration the space, comfort, speed, performance, and
many other things of the car.
7. Van Gogh paintings cost so much because thats the value art related people think Van
Goghs pieces of art are worth. Van Goghs paintings were imbued with strong emotions
and a unique sense of observation.
8. Wages go up as unemployment goes down because wages and unemployment are
inversely proportional. When unemployment goes down, everybody goes to work for the
company that has the highest or high wages. As a result, the other companies also have
to raise their wages in order to not lose their employees.