Guided Error Correction

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Michael Kennedy-Scanlon, Juli Cebrian and John Bradbury
Guided error correction
Exercises for Spanish-speaking students of English

Level C1
Book 1
Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona

Servei de Publicacions
Bellaterra, 2009
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the many people who piloted the first draft of this book, namely Ruth
Abasolo Monjo, Meritxell Balls Antonell, Jos Lus Cebrin Puyuelo, Xavier Cebrin Puyuelo,
Laura Crespillo Gonzlez, Javier Fernndez Snchez, lex Gonzlez Vergs, Vernica Hernndez
Vidales, Nria Juhera Bou, Alexandra Marn Fernndez, Aida Marin Mora, Adela Mena Garca,
Sonia Priego Sempere, Rosa Maria Ribot Lloret and Marta Snchez Garca. We are also grateful
to Craig Chambers at the University of Toronto, Raquel Serrano Serrano at the University of
Barcelona and Jackie Neff at ESADE in Barcelona for their useful feedback.
Very special thanks to Mara Jess Sangorrn Garca for considerable assistance with translations,
piloting, proofing and general support.
Primera edici: desembre de 2009
Edici i impressi
Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona
Servei de Publicacions
Edifici A. 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valls). Spain
Tel. 93 581 10 22. Fax 93 581 32 39
sp@uab.cat
http://publicacions.uab.cat/
Fotografia de la coberta: Foxtungue
sota llicncia de Creative Commons
Imprs a Espanya. Printed in Spain
Dipsit legal: B-46315-2009
ISBN 978-84-490-2613-3
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Documents 5
Guided error correction. Exercises, C1 Book 1
Contents
PREFACE / PRLOGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction to the exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Errors involving prepositions . . . .
About cognates . . . . . . . . . . .
Errors involving problem cognates .
Errors involving linking expressions
Errors involving word choice . . . .
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11
13
14
26
28
40
44
Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Part C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Notes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
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Guided error correction Exercises, C1 Book 1
Preface/Prlogo
Pgina 7
Documents 7
Durante los primeros aos de aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera el alumno tiene
la grata sensacin de avanzar rpidamente. Esta sensacin es en parte una ilusin debida a dos factores principales. Por un lado, al principio su avance es ciertamente rpido en trminos relativos ya que si empieza sabiendo diez palabras de la nueva lengua y aprende diez ms en una semana, habr aumentado su vocabulario un 100%.
Pero si la semana siguiente aprende diez palabras ms, el incremento relativo esa semana ser tan slo del 50% (relativo a las veinte palabras de la primera semana), y
si aprende diez palabras en la tercera semana el incremento ser del 33%, con lo que
aunque el ritmo de aprendizaje se mantenga constante, el incremento relativo de semana en semana no tarda en parecer mnimo.
Por otro lado, despus de varios aos de aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera, normalmente el alumno ha asimilado las reglas gramaticales bsicas, lo que le permite,
por ejemplo, hacer preguntas, conjugar verbos regulares y convertir adjetivos en adverbios. El conocimiento de estas reglas de aplicacin general es muy satisfactorio
ya que el aprendizaje de una simple regla permite un avance considerable en el uso
de esa lengua.
Sin embargo, una vez dominadas esas reglas generales propias de una primera
etapa, lo que queda por aprender de la lengua es cada vez ms especfico y menos
generalizable. Se tiene la impresin de que todo lo dems son excepciones. Intentar
asimilar un nmero cada vez mayor de este tipo de informacin detallada es una
labor difcil y desmoralizadora, cuya consecuencia es a menudo una sensacin de no
avanzar en el aprendizaje.
Adems, las expectativas de aprendizaje propias de un estudiante de nivel avanzado hacen que el alumno se sienta frustrado por los errores que contina cometiendo a pesar de haber estudiado explcitamente las estructuras o las palabras correspondientes. Es decir, cuando el alumno se lanza a utilizar la lengua extranjera
suele ser ms comprensivo con sus propias faltas en un primer momento que cuando lleva cinco aos de aprendizaje y la experiencia acumulada y la prctica deberan haber sido suficientes para no cometer esas faltas.
Con este libro pretendemos precisamente dar respuesta a esta sensacin de frustracin de los estudiantes de nivel avanzado. Por un lado, los aspectos tratados corresponden a temas lxico-gramaticales muy concretos. Por otro lado, estos temas
han sido seleccionados porque reflejan los errores ms reincidentes que cometen los
estudiantes de ingls de nivel avanzado, recopilados a lo largo de nuestra experiencia colectiva de muchos aos como profesores de lengua inglesa.
Los ejercicios que presenta este libro, por lo tanto, se basan en el tipo de detalles
y distinciones sutiles relevantes para este nivel, pero sin ninguna pretensin de ge-
Documents
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Michael Kennedy-Scanlon, Juli Cebrian, John Bradbury
neralizar. El libro ofrece al estudiante de ingls un nmero limitado de tipos de error

y un mtodo de aprendizaje y evaluacin de los mismos, favoreciendo as el progreso y la sensacin de avance.
Nuestro enfoque se basa en varias suposiciones. La primera es que la mayora de
los errores que comete el estudiante de nivel avanzado es el resultado de la interferencia de la primera lengua, en este caso, el espaol. Dicho de un modo sencillo, una
vez superadas las diferencias ms evidentes entre el ingls y el espaol, la simple
substitucin de la palabra o expresin espaola por la correspondiente expresin inglesa suele ser una estrategia inicial efectiva para producir frases inglesas, pero hay
casos en los que esta estrategia deja de funcionar y se comete un error.
Este tipo de error es especialmente problemtico por la dificultad que tiene el hablante de espaol de detectarlo, debido a que en principio la construccin inglesa parece sonar bien. Una consecuencia aadida es que, aunque el estudiante intuya que
la forma usada no es correcta en ingls, tal vez desconozca la importancia del error.
Para el hablante nativo de ingls, sin embargo, el error puede ser tan flagrante como
un error gramatical bsico, a veces incluso llegando a impedir la comprensin.
La correccin de las faltas supone pues dos tareas distintas. Primero hay que reconocer el error y despus proporcionar la correccin adecuada del mismo. El diseo de este libro de ejercicios refleja esta dualidad. Los ejercicios de correccin de
errores estn agrupados en tres secciones. En los ejercicios de las dos primeras secciones (Part A y Part B) los errores aparecen identificados y la labor del estudiante
consiste nicamente en su correccin. En cambio, en la tercera seccin (Part C) los
errores no estn identificados y el estudiante debe realizar las dos tareas, es decir, primero localizar el error y despus corregirlo. Este enfoque basado en estos dos pasos,
deteccin y correccin, es lo que hemos llamado correccin guiada de errores.
La segunda suposicin es que las caractersticas del lenguaje se aprenden a base
de repeticin e implicacin, y que la necesidad de repeticin es especialmente relevante en el caso de errores que derivan de la influencia de la lengua materna. Por
este motivo, cada uno de los errores que se trabajan en el libro aparece en seis ocasiones distintas a lo largo de los ejercicios. En los ejercicios de la seccin A, los errores aparecen agrupados por categora (preposiciones, falsos amigos, vocabulario,
conjunciones). Todos los errores introducidos en esta primera seccin vuelven a aparecer en la seccin B, donde los errores no aparecen por categora pero s identificados, y en la seccin C, en la que los errores ya no estn localizados.
No podemos ignorar que la labor de intentar aprender la correccin de un total
de 104 errores corre el peligro de convertirse rpidamente en una tarea pesada y aburrida. Por eso hemos diseado este libro para ser usado no de una manera sistemtica y secuencial en la clase sino ms bien como una serie de ejercicios de correccin
de una pgina que el estudiante de ingls puede ir completando en los momentos que
sean convenientes y durante el rato que le parezca oportuno. Cada ejercicio ocupa
una pgina y contiene entre 10 y 16 frases con un error cada una. La solucin a cada
ejercicio est en la pgina siguiente, donde se indica la forma correcta en negrita.
Por lo tanto, se puede realizar un ejercicio y comprobar su solucin en tan slo unos
minutos.
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Guided error correction. Exercises, C1 Book 1
Pgina 9
Documents 9
Por ltimo, la correccin de los errores no estara completa sin una explicacin
de los mismos. Con esta finalidad, el libro cuenta tambin con una seccin de notas
explicativas al final en la que se explica brevemente el error y su correccin, as
como otras aclaraciones de inters. Cada correccin en las pginas de soluciones va
acompaada de un nmero superndice que indica dnde encontrar la correspondiente explicacin en la seccin de notas explicativas. Lgicamente cada error tiene
el mismo superndice cada vez que aparece con lo que el estudiante puede consultar
la nota explicativa correspondiente tantas veces como sea necesario.
Es importante sealar que los errores y sus soluciones respectivas pueden variar
bastante en complejidad. Por ejemplo, los errores de vocabulario pueden tener una
solucin diferente segn el contexto en el que aparece la palabra incorrecta. Las
notas explicativas estn pensadas para ayudar a entender esta variabilidad y a ese
efecto a veces se comentan diversas posibilidades.
Nota: Este libro forma parte de una serie de tres libros basados en el mtodo de correccin guiada
de errores. Si bien el libro correspondiente al nivel B2 contiene errores por lo general ms bsicos
que los otros dos, los libros se pueden usar independientemente y el uso de un libro no requiere haber
completado los anteriores.
Guided Error Correction. Exercises for Spanish-speaking students of English. Level B2 (Michael
Kennedy-Scanlon, Elisabet Pladevall Ballester, Juli Cebrian).
Guided Error Correction. Exercises for Spanish-speaking students of English. Level C1, Book
1 (Michael Kennedy-Scanlon, Juli Cebrian, John Bradbury).
Guided Error Correction. Exercises for Spanish-speaking students of English. Level C1, Book
2 (Michael Kennedy-Scanlon, Juli Cebrian, John Bradbury).
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Introduction to the exercises
Documents 11
Each page is a self-contained exercise consisting of a series of unrelated sentences

in English, each of which contains one mistake commonly made by Spanishspeaking learners of English.
Correct the mistakes and, as you finish each page, check your work with the
answer key which you will find on the following page.
Beside each correction in the answer key you will see a superscripted number. If
you want clarification of the error and its correction, use this number to find the
pertinent information in the explanatory Notes at the end of the book.
When several different alternative solutions are appropriate and probable, we
have tried to include all of them. Some items may involve more alternative solutions
than we can practically include, in which case this will be indicated in the Notes
section. You may also find it frustrating that the same error does not always require
precisely the same solution. Such is language!
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PART A
Pgina 13
Documents 13
The following exercises consist of a list of unrelated sentences, each of which

contains a common error. Exercises 1-16 are grouped according to the type of error,
and each error is underlined or otherwise marked. Try to correct it!
When you finish, check your work with the key for the exercise, which you will
find on the following page. Beside each correction you will see a superscript
number. Use the number to find an explanation of the error and its correction in the
Notes section at the back of the book.
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Errors involving prepositions
Documents 15
A1 Missing prepositions
In each of the following sentences, a preposition has been omitted in the location
that is identified by an asterisk (*). Add one.
1. Many teenagers are attracted to smoking because their parents dont approve
* it.
2. The patients condition got worse, and she had to be operated * immediately.
3. If you dont know her phone number, why dont you search * it in the phone
book?
4. The food was beginning to smell bad, so I threw it *.
5. Put * a heavy coat. Its quite cold outside this morning.
6. Our hosts were very kind to us and even paid * the dinner.
7. I would like to comment * your very interesting article.
8. The burglars entered the house * breaking a window.
9. I never seem to vote * a candidate who wins the elections.
10. Women sometimes feel discriminated * when it comes to promotion at work.
16
Documents
A1 KEY
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1. Many teenagers are attracted to smoking because their parents dont approve
of 6 it.
2. The patients condition got worse, and she had to be operated on73
immediately.
3. If you dont know her phone number, why dont you search for92 it in the
phone book?
4. The food was beginning to smell bad, so I threw it out/away.98
5. Put on85 a heavy coat. Its quite cold outside this morning.
6. Our hosts were very kind to us and even paid for77 the dinner.
7. I would like to comment on19 your very interesting article.
8. The burglars entered the house by48 breaking a window.
9. I never seem to vote for102 the candidate who wins the elections.
10. Women sometimes feel discriminated against33 when it comes to promotion

at work.
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A2 The wrong preposition 1
Documents 17
In each of the following sentences, replace the crossed out item with the correct
preposition.
1. My mother works like an accountant for a pharmaceuticals company.
2. The higher global temperatures are due to the increase of carbon emissions.
3. The word travel is derived of the Latin word trepaliare.
4. I quit the job because my boss was always shouting to me and criticizing my
work.
5. Every day the kids went swimming to the pool.
6. In the morning we walked by the medieval part of town and enjoyed its
special atmosphere.
7. Their argument is based in false assumptions.
8. The victims family insisted in knowing the full truth about the crime.
9. We buy all our supplies to local enterprises.
10. Some boys started throwing stones to the journalists van.
11. The price will remain high as long as the demand of oil is also high.
12. We guarantee you that we offer the lowest prices of the world.
13. Last year our sales increased in 5%, despite the recession.
18
Documents
A2 KEY
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1. My mother works as103 an accountant for a pharmaceutical company.
2. The higher global temperatures are due to the increase in51 carbon emissions.
3. The word travel is derived from31 the Latin word trepaliare.
4. I quit the job because my boss was always shouting at93 me and criticizing my
work.
5. Every day the kids went swimming at49 the pool.
6. In the morning we walked around7 the medieval part of town and enjoyed its
special atmosphere.
7. Their argument is based on14 false assumptions.
8. The victims family insisted on53 knowing the full truth about the crime.
9. We buy all our supplies from15 local enterprises.
10. Some boys started throwing stones at97 the journalists van.
11. The price will remain high as long as the demand for30 oil is also high.
12. We guarantee you that we offer the lowest prices in the world.104
13. Last year our sales increased by50 5%, despite the recession. OR: our sales
increased 5%.
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A3 Unnecessary prepositions
Documents 19
In each of the following sentences there is an unnecessary preposition. Eliminate it.

1. My flatmate looked like depressed, so I realized she had split up with her
boyfriend.
2. Because of the problems we have had, we are going to change of supplier.
3. Please contact with us if you have any problems with the software.
4. My sister calls to her friends all the time, so I can never use the phone.
5. On Sunday we went for a walk in the country and picked up flowers.
6. If you use your password, you can access to your account information.
7. Many professionals lack of time to worry about the simple things they have to
deal with.
8. Our customers have a special phone line where they can discuss about the
problems they encounter.
9. When we stay with their grandparents, the children really enjoy with life in the
country.
10. This problem concerns to everyone who is working on the project.
11. If you marry with a German, will you automatically be granted a residence
permit?
12. Some men consider women as incompetent at mechanical tasks.
13. What you think of her personally should not influence in your decision.
14. We painted the wall in the same colour as the door.
15. Some problems directly affect to the user of the services we offer.
16. Our flat is located very near of a metro station.
20
Documents
A3 KEY
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1. My flatmate looked61 depressed, so I realized she had split up with her

boyfriend.
2. Because of the problems we have had, we are going to change18

supplier/suppliers.
3. Please contact25 us if you have any problems with the software.
4. My sister calls16 her friends all the time, so I can never use the phone.
5. On Sunday we went for a walk in the country and picked79 flowers.
6. If you use your password, you can access1 your account information.
7. Many professionals lack59 time to worry about the simple things they have to
deal with.
8. Our customers have a special phone line where they can discuss35 the
problems they encounter.
9. When we stay with their grandparents, the children really enjoy39 life in the
country.
10. This problem concerns21 everyone who is working on the project.
11. If you marry63 a German, will you automatically be granted a residence

permit?
12. Some men consider23 women incompetent at mechanical tasks. OR: Some
men regard women as incompetent at mechanical tasks. OR: Some men
consider women to be incompetent at mechanical tasks.
13. What you think of her personally should not influence52 your decision.
14. We painted the wall75 the same colour as the door.
15. Some problems directly affect5 the user of the services we offer.
16. Our flat is located very near66 a metro station.
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A4 Preposition errors, follow-up 1
Documents 21
Each sentence contains an error involving prepositions. Words associated with the
error are underlined. They are all errors you have seen in Exercises A1-A3.
Remember that in some cases this means that the preposition is missing.
1. If the material clearly looks like artificial, customers are less likely to buy it.
2. The government has refused to comment the recent corruption scandal.
3. The demonstrators threw balloons filled with paint to the party headquarters.
4. As the aeroplane approached the airport, it suddenly changed of direction.

5. If you find a document on my desk, please do not throw it.
6. One drawback of the Internet is that children can access to pornographic

websites.
7. You will find the bathroom near of the door to the elevator.
8. In June, the strawberries must be picked up just before they are ripe.
9. The surgical intervention clearly influenced in the rats behaviour.
10. When water freezes, its volume expands in about 9%.
11. If you base your opinion in certain newspapers, you might have a distorted
view.
12. Finnish and Hungarian are apparently derived of the same ancestor language.
13. I have tried to contact with the head of public relations, but without success.
22
Documents
A4 KEY
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1. If the material clearly looks61 artificial, customers are less likely to buy it.
2. The government has refused to comment on19 the recent corruption scandal.
3. The demonstrators threw balloons filled with paint at97 the party headquarters.
4. As the aeroplane approached the airport, it suddenly changed18
direction/directions.
5. If you find a document on my desk, please do not throw it out/away.98
6. One drawback of the Internet is that children can access1 pornographic

websites.
7. You will find the bathroom near66 the door to the elevator.
8. In June, the strawberries must be picked79 just before they are ripe.
9. The surgical intervention clearly influenced52 the rats behaviour.
10. When water freezes, its volume expands by50 about 9%. OR: volume
expands about 9%.
11. If you base your opinion on14 certain newspapers, you might have a distorted
view.
12. Finnish and Hungarian are apparently derived from31 the same ancestor
language.
13. I have tried to contact25 the head of public relations, but without success.
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Documents 23
1. Women consider a good sense of humour as an important attribute in a partner.
2. The candidate got the voters support making false promises.
3. If you cant read the fax, why dont you call to the sender and clarify it?
4. I am currently unemployed and searching a job on the Internet.
5. This curious sculpture from 1935 is made of steel painted in purple.
6. The aristocracy rarely left their homes, but enjoyed with private concerts,
dances and plays.
7. The Nile, and not the Amazon, is the longest river of the world.
8. The arrested man had tried to leave the shop without paying a DVD.
9. The Employment Bureau reports that the demand of people who speak two
foreign languages is increasing.
10. An excessive increase of weight during childhood can lead to health

problems in later life.
11. The royal family was scandalized when the princess announced that she
planned to marry with a man who was not an aristocrat.
12. I took our visitors for a walk by the city centre to show them the main sights.
13. He never shouts to me when hes angry, but his silence is worse!
24
Documents
A5 KEY
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1. Women consider23 a good sense of humour an important attribute in a partner.

OR: Women regard a good sense of humour as an important attribute OR:
Women consider a good sense of humour to be an important attribute
2. The candidate got the voters support by48 making false promises.
3. If you cant read the fax, why dont you call16 the sender and clarify it?
4. I am currently unemployed and searching for92 a job on the Internet.
5. This curious sculpture from 1935 is made of steel painted purple.75
6. The aristocracy rarely left their homes, but enjoyed39 private concerts, dances
and plays.
7. The Nile, and not the Amazon, is the longest river in the world.104
8. The arrested man had tried to leave the shop without paying for77 a DVD.
9. The Employment Bureau reports that the demand for30 people who speak two
foreign languages is increasing.
10. An excessive increase in51 weight during childhood can lead to health problems
in later life.
11. The royal family was scandalized when the princess announced that she
planned to marry63 a man who was not an aristocrat.
12. I took our visitors for a walk around7 the city centre to show them the main
sights.
13. He never shouts at93 me when hes angry, but his silence is worse!
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Documents 25
1. The workers voted the party that they thought would protect their interests.
2. Teenagers are not always ready to discuss about their personal problems with
adults.
3. Although many people dont approve cloning, it may offer treatment for serious
diseases.
4. After working like a shop assistant for two years, she was promoted to manager.
5. The problem of teenage gangs especially concerns to the parents of
schoolchildren.
6. As we get older, it seems inevitable that we will be operated sooner or later.

7. I lost my keys when we went shopping to the supermarket.
8. The merchants bought spices to Eastern traders and sold them to Europeans.
9. My little son does everything he can to avoid putting his shoes in the morning.
10. Parents should not lack of consistency when they try to limit their childs
behaviour.
11. Unfortunately, employers tend to discriminate people who are extremely

overweight.
12. This problem affects to not only the European Union but also the whole world.
13. The article insists in the importance of education in early childhood to

promote cognitive development.
26
Documents
A6 KEY
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Pgina 26
1. The workers voted for102 the party that they thought would protect their interests.
2. Teenagers are not always ready to discuss35 their personal problems with
adults.
3. Although many people dont approve of6 cloning, it may offer treatment for
serious diseases.
4. After working as103 a shop assistant for two years, she was promoted to
manager.
5. The problem of teenage gangs especially concerns21 the parents of

schoolchildren.
6. As we get older, it seems inevitable that we will be operated on73 sooner or

later.
7. I lost my keys when we went shopping at49 the supermarket.
8. The merchants bought spices from15 Eastern traders and sold them to
Europeans.
9. My little son does everything he can to avoid putting on85 his shoes in the
morning.
10. Parents should not lack59 consistency when they try to limit their childs
behaviour.
11. Unfortunately, employers tend to discriminate against33 people who are

extremely overweight.
12. This problem affects5 not only the European Union but also the whole world.
13. The article insists on53 the importance of education in early childhood to promote cognitive development.

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Tripa Doc 91.

Michael Kennedy-Scanlon, Juli Cebrian and John Bradbury

Exercises for Spanish-speaking students of English

Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona

Tripa Doc 91.qxd:DOCUMENTS

Primera edici: desembre de 2009

Tripa Doc 91.qxd:DOCUMENTS