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ANSWERS FOR
WORK SESSIONS
(05/96)
(05/96)
Schlumberger
SECTION B:
1a. Given Rmf = 2.5 ohm-m at 10oC, find Rmf at 52oC, using Chart Gen-9 (Figure B2).
Rmf =
1.1 ohm-m
0.028
b. Given a solution salinity of 10,000 ppm at 20oC, find the solution resistivity at 50oC.
Rm =
0.36
3. Given Rm = 0.74 at 20oC, what does Rm equal at BHT if the total depth is 2400 m and the
geothermal gradient is 2oC/100 m (surface temperature is 20oC) ?
Rm =
0.34
at
68
(05/96) Answers 1
SP(MV )
-150.0
0.0
15
-|---|+
a)
CP 32.6
FILE
01-APR-1941 17:28
b) SP = -100 mV
c)
1/240
e)
f)
g)
Note:
2175
Figure B30
(05/96) Answers 2
Schlumberger
GR(GAPI)
30.000
5.
130.00
SP(MV )
-150.0
0.0
15
-|---|+
CP 32.6
FILE 3
Rw = 0.45
01-APR-1941 18:05
2325
6.
a)
---GR
SP---
2350
Calculate Rw for the example of the dual induction SFL in Figure B15.
Given:
Rm
= 3.05 at 17oC
R mf
= 2.60 at 17oC
BHT = 23oC
a) Rmf =
b) SP =
c) Rmfe =
d) Rwe =
e) Rw =
2.25 at 23oC
-90 mV
1.1
0.053
0.08 at 23oC
Figure B31
(05/96) Answers 3
RILD = 0.55
RILM = 0.65
RSFL = 1.4
RIM
______ = 1.18
RID
RSFL
____
= 2.54
RID
di = 1 m
Rt
____
=1m
RID
ILM(OHMM)
.20000
2000.0
GR(GAPI)
0.0
ILD(OHMM)
150.00
.20000
2000.0
SP(MV )
-150.0
SFL(OHMM)
0.0
CP 32.6
FILE 8
.20000
2000.0
09-JUN-1992 14:42
1800
therefore Rt = 0.55
NOTE:
t
_____
RILD
cannot exceed 1.00
---GR
---SP
---ILM
---ILD
---SFL
1700
---SP
---ILM
---ILD
SFL---
1725
Figure B32
(05/96) Answers 4
RILD = 10
RILM = 12
RSFL = 17
RIM
_____ = 1.2
RID
RSFL
_____ = 1.7
RID
di = 1.4 m
Rt
_____ = .95
RID
Rt = 9.5 ohm-m
Schlumberger
SP(MV )
-80.00
20.000
10
-|---|+
CP 32.6
FILE 4
01-APR-1941 18:13
INPUT FILE(S) CREATION DATE
1
05-JUN-1992 08:41
1675
Rw =
0.12 ohm-m
at 59oC
Rw =
0.22 ohm-m
at 25oC
0.082 ohm-m
at 59oC
Rw =
0.145 ohm-m
at 25oC
---SP
a) SP = 4 10 = -40 mv
Rmf = 0.43 at 59oC
Rmfe = 0.3 ohm-m
Rwe = 0.099 ohm-m
Rw = 0.12 ohm-m
log
Gen 9 (Figure B2)
SP 2 (Figure B12)
SP 1 (Figure B11)
SP 2 (Figure B12)
b) SP = 5.2 10 = -52 mv
Rmf = 0.43 at 59oC
Rmfe = 0.3 ohm-m
Rwe = 0.068 SP 1
Rw = 0.082 SP 2
log
Gen 9
SP 2
Figure B33
(05/96) Answers 5
(05/96) Answers 6
Schlumberger
SECTION C:
1a. For the example logs of Figures C32 C34, calculate the following:
a. RILD
(Formation = Sandstone)
581m
600m
70
0.8
b. Rt
0.8
c. t
372
350
d. S
35
33
e. D
37.5
30
f. N
6.0
35
2. Using the sonic log of Figure C34, calculate the sonic porosity at 586 m.
tf = 620 sec/m
tma = 182 sec/m
s =
s =
t - tma
400 - 182
=
tf - tma
620 - 182
5(t - tma )
4 (400 - 182)
=
8 (400)
=
8t
50%
34%
50+
37.6
50% Porosity is not possible. We should use a compaction correction to the Wyllie
Time Average Equation:
ie., Bcp = 420 = 1.28
s = 38%
328
(05/96) Answers 7
3a. On the CNT-LDT log on Figure C35, what effect is seen at 1941 m to 1946m?
Apparent gas effect
b. Using the Pe , what is the lithology in this same zone?
Pe = 1.8
therefore Lithology is Sandstone
c. Convert the log readings (n and d) to equivalent sandstone values.
d = 19% (SS matrix) Por 5
n = 19% (SS matrix) Por 13a
(Figure C14)
(Figure C21)
(05/96) Answers 8
Schlumberger
SECTION D:
1. Using the logs of Figures D4 to D6, follow the overlay technique outlined on pages D1
and D2.
2. Given tma = 182 sec/m tabulate the values and do an Rwa analysis of the example using
Figures D4 to D6. First find Sw from s only and then do the calculation again using T
from the CNT/Litho-Density log to get Sw. Compare the two results.
Depth
_____
t
__
S
__
Rt
__
Rwa
__
Sw
__
T
__
Rwa
__
Sw
__
605
360
34
0.90
0.104
91
33.0
0.098
89
600
350
33
0.80
0.087
100
31.0
0.077
100
595
355
33.5
0.90
0.101
93
32.0
0.092
91
592.5
355
33.5
1.00
0.112
88
31.0
0.096
90
590
372
35.2
13.0
1.610
23
33.0
1.420
23
587.5
400
37.5
17.0
2.391
19
31.0
1.630
22
585
395
37
38.0
5.202
13
25.5
2.500
18
580
375
35.5
50.0
6.301
12
24.5
3.000
16
(05/96) Answers 9
3.Use Chart Sw -1 (Figure D2) to calculate Sw for depths 1943 m and 1945 m on Figures D7 and
D8. (Rw = 0.06 at formation tempurature.)
Depth RID
(m)
_____ __
Pe
Ro
RT
Sw
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
1943
60
20
19
1.9
19.5
1.2
60
14%
273
1945
40
18
16
2.15
17
1.6
40
19%
304
b. What can be said about permeability from the caliper and gamma ray?
Good permeability exhibited; especially from the caliper
(05/96) Answers 10
Schlumberger
4. Interpret the logs in Figures D9 and D10 using the direct method of calculating water saturation in clean zones. Rmf = 2.35 at formation temperature (24 oC); a = 1; m = 2
i.e., Sw2 = Rw
T2 R t
a. Zone 303 to 325 m:
SP
Rmf
Rmfe
Rwe
Rw
=8
= 43
= 25
= 70
= 27
= 37
= 32
=6
0.30
at formation temperature
= -50 mv
= 2.35 at formation temperature
= 1.15 at formation temperature
= 0.20 at formation temperature
= 0.23 at formation temperature
Rw =
= 33
= 34
= 33.5
= 4.5
Sw =
Sw =
23
0.23
(0.25)2 x 70
Sw =
Sw =
61
0.23
(0.32)2 x 6
Sw =
Sw =
67
0.23
(0.335)2 x 4.5
(05/96) Answers 11
(05/96) Answers 12
Schlumberger
SECTION F:
1. Shaly Sand Problem (Figures F10 F13)
Given:
BHT = 24oC
Rmf = 3.08 at 14.4oC
Rm = 2.86 at 18.8oC
Rmf = 2.435 at 24oC
Gel Chem Mud; Mud Weight = 1090 kg/m3
Viscosity = 585
pH = 8.5
Fluid loss = 7.0 cm3
a. Find hydrocarbon zones.
b.Rw - Calculate Rw for this interval.
c. e - Determine effective porosity.
d. t - Determine total porosity.
e. SWT - From SWT 2 =
0.62 Rw
t 2.15 Rt
Note: When e has been determined, Rt must also be corrected for effect of shale to properly
calculate Swe . This is discussed in the next section.
a) 407 - 409.5 and 416 - 422 m
b)From SP at 407 - 409
1. Rmf = 2.435 at 24oC
2. Rmfe = 1.10 at 24oC
3. SP = -68
4. Rwe = 0.12 at 24oC
5. Rw = 0.125 at 25oC
(05/96) Answers 13
NSH = 49
GRCL = 30
RSH = 2.1
RT
__
N
__
D
__
GR
__
(c)
VSH
__
Zone 1
422 - 423 2.3
39
25
75
40
19.0
32
Zone 2
418 - 420 5.5
31
34
75
40
20.5
34
Zone 3
407 - 409.5 7.5
21
39
40
29.0
32
Depth
_____
(e)
Zone 1.
SW = 62%
Zone 2.
SW = 38%
Zone 3.
SW = 34.6%
(05/96) Answers 14
(d)
e
__
T
__
Schlumberger
SECTION G:
1. Calculate SWE on the shaly sand example (Figures F10 F13).
RO =
T2
1
1-VSH
RWF
Need RWB
RWB = T2 RT in Shale
RWB = (0.335)2 2.1
= 0.23
therefore:
2) RO =
1 - 0.40
0.12
1
(0.34)2
SWT =
RO
RT
1) RO =
1
(0.32)2
SWT =
1.45
2.3
3) RO =
1
(0.32)2
SWT =
1
VSH
RWB
1.21
7.5
1
+
0.4
0.23
1.28
5.5
1 - 0.40
0.12
= 48%
0.4
0.23
0.06
0.23
1
+
= 1.28
= 1.45
= 79%
1 - 0.06
0.12
1
+
= 1.21
= 40.1%
(05/96) Answers 15
SWE =
SWT - SWB
1 - SWB
RO
RT
1. SWE =
0.48 - 0.40
1 - 0.40
= 0.133 or 13.3%
2. SWE =
0.79 - 0.40
1 - 0.40
= 0.65 or 65%
3. SWE =
0.401 - 0.06
1 - 0.06
= 0.36 or 36%
(05/96) Answers 16
Schlumberger
SECTION H:
1. Using the complex lithology example logs (Figures H10 H12) determine
a. Lithology and at 1377 m.
Anhydrite
0%
(05/96) Answers 17
3a. Crossplot Pe and DPHI for both points A and B (use chart CP-16, Figure H15).
A. =___8.5___%
B. =____0___%
b.What is the lithology at points A and B?
A. _Dolomite__
B. _Limestone_
c. What effect is occurring at point A?
Gas Effect
d. Apply proper correction for point a to find correct cross plot porosity.
A. =___8.5___%
(05/96) Answers 18
Schlumberger
SECTION I:
1. Calculate BVW for the shaly sand example (Figures F10 F13). What predictions can be
made for the production of this zone?
a. Type of fluid or gas?
b. Absolute open flow (AOF) production rates?
1. From the N - D x plots and shale corrections, Zones 1 and 3 would produce gas and
Zone 2 would produce water.
SWT T
2. Total BVW
K1/2 =
79 T3
SWIRR
K=
79 (0.32)3
0.4
Qgas =
= 2.54
103
273 + 24
=
(05/96) Answers 19
(05/96) Answers 20