Classroom Management :

The theories

Theories of Democratic
Teaching
(Rudolf Dreikurs)

Discipline is based on mutual respect. He believes in students developing

self-discipline. Dreikurs disagrees with permissive teachers (anything
goes) and autocratic teachers (I control you) BECAUSE those types of
teachers do nott foster self-discipline. Classroom are democratic with appropriate teaching styles. Constructive behavior occurs out of their heightened
sense of social interest. Sense of belonging does NOT mean: attentiongaining, power seeking, revenge, or displaying inadequacy. Praise support
and encouragement supports the process. Logical consequences produce
better results than punishments.

Approaches/ Strategies:
Provide lesson with social interest. Provide a teaching environment supports
pupils sense of belonging. Avoid power struggles and encourage pupils who
display inadequacy. Encourage pupils rather than praising them. Provide pupils
with logical consequences to mistaken goals to support responsibility and avoid
punishments.

Strengthens: Provide students with roles within the classroom, including leadership, will help foster a community environment. Encouragement of one student
may be a motivating factor for another student .Encouragement will be more beneficial to students and the learning environment than praise.
Weaknesses: Individuals can and may deny and/or hide their motive/s to misbe-

Theories of Instructional
Management
(Jacob Kounin)

There is a differences between well managed and ill-run classrooms and

this termed as instructional management. Kounin believed that every desist
would effect more than just that individual. Ripple Effect cause others would
stop the action being desisted. This managing classrooms only works with
young pupils. With-it-ness means the teacher knows what is going on in
their classroom at all times. Momentum and smoothness group alerting on behalf of the teachers. Lesson presentation should be smooth to
engage pupils. avoid satiation to ensure pupils are not over-exposed to a
certain topic.

Theories of Assertive
Tactics
(Lee Canter, Marlene Canter)

A classroom management model which highlights consistency, rewards and

consequences also positive relationship building among teacher and pupils.
The Canters believe that positive reinforcement and reward should follow
positive behaviour while unpleasant consequences and punishments should
follow negative behaviour. Teacher maintain a calm classroom environment
and provides students needs for learning also ensuring that students rights
for learning are tended to . There are three response styles for teacher
which are nonassertive style, hostile style and assertive style. Assertive
teacher often used the Canters broken record response.

Approaches/ Strategies

Approaches/ Strategies

Give lessons multiple times and reflect on your instructional

management during teaching. Ask pupils questions to ensure that they are not
experiencing satiation. With-it-ness by scanning constantly, make notes of
repeated behaviours or keep moving through the classroom.

Always be in charge of the classroom but not in a hostile or

authoritarian manner. Take specific steps to teach students how to behave well in a classroom. Identify students personal needs and tend.
Listen to students, be respectful and fair

Strengthens: Teachers positive and negative influences may extend beyond

the limits. Stresses the importance of choosing the proper discipline problem to
deal with. Helps to teachers to create the impression that they are aware of everything happening in the classroom.
Weaknesses: Limited to use in classroom. Shows to avoid discipline problems
but not how to solve it. Doesnt help students. Become personally responsible
for their behavior.

have . Teachers may not have the training to recognise complex motives for behaving in particular ways and may make naive judgements. Not compatible with
more autocratic approaches to student discipline .

Strengthens: Enable teachers to use class time more productively for teaching. Serve
to prevent discipline problems from occurring as students have a clear understanding of
the consequences of keeping and breaking the rules. Provide supportive control when
a warning is all that is required. Consistent and have clear limit..
Weaknesses: some teachers might assign warning for misbehavior and provide reward and punishment to the pupils may lead to imposing discipline rather than teaches
discipline. It presumes absolute authority for the teacher with little consideration of
democratic principles and/or student rights, and provides no pathways for the development of student self-discipline .

Similarities:
-Strategies for assuring physical and psychological safety.
-Techniques for changing student misbehaviors and teaching self-discipline.
-Methods of assuring an orderly progression of events.
-Instructional techniques that contribute to students positive behaviors

Differences:

Dreikurs and The Canters theories provide rewards for positive behaviours and punishments for negative behaviours while Kounins theory ensure
pupils to well behave in the classroom.
Dreikurs and The Canters theories applies for teaches discipline while Kounins theory apply for class control and group management in the classroom.

Name: Siti Noor Afieqah Binti Sarip

Option: 5 PISMP TESL 3