1

Electromagnetism

General comments: the GRE is in SI units, so for those who took 8.022, make sure to
pay attention to where the epsilons and mus go. (And thus the slightly different form of
Maxwells Equations.)
Also, on one of the practice tests I looked at, they asked about which if Maxwells equations would need to be modified to account for magnetic monopoles.
Work: W
has units of volts. Volt = Joules/Coulomb.
q0
1.1
k=

Electricity
[Nm2 C2 ], 0 is permittivity of free space

1
40

F = k qd1 q22

Force between two charges

F = q1 E
Force on charge in field
Q
E = 4k A
Uniform electric field between two charged parallel plates, each of area A

E =k
W
q

q
r
r2

r in direction + -. Electric field of single charge.

= Ed

V = IR

Electric potential
Ohms

P = VI = I2 R
R = Al

Power

Resistivity

Rtot = R1 + R2 + ...
1
Rtot

1.2

1
R1

1
+
R2

...

Resistors in parallel

Magnetism

~ + ~v q B
~
F~ = Eq
~
F~ = I~l + B
B=

R=

mv
Bq

B =

Resistors in series

Lorentz Force Law

Force on current carrying conductor

Magnetic induction, =magnetic flux

Radius of curvature of moving charge in magnetic field

0 q
v b
r
4 r2

Magnetic field of moving charge

1

B dl = 0 I

1.3
C=

Capacitors
Q
V

= 0 Ad

UC = 12 CV 2
V=

Amperes law, use for calculating current

Capacitance, Q = charge on either plate. [farads]

Energy of Capacitor

Q
d
0 A

Capacitors in series (or multiple different dielectrics): C =

t/RC

Charging: q = (C) 1 e

Discharging: q = (C) et/RC

1.3.1

1
C1

1
+ C1
2

Undriven

RL Circuit: VR + VL = RI + L dI
=0
dt
Rt/L
I(t) = I0 e
RC Circuit: V (t) = V0 et/RC
1.3.2

Driven RLC Circuit

V (t) =

Vf
|{z}

S1 t
+ Ae
+ BeS2}t
{z
|

forced response

Where S1,2 =
1
1
= 2RC
.
, 0 = LC
1.4

natural response

2 02

Maxwells Equations

~ E
~ =
Gausss Law

0
~ B
~ =0
Gausss law for magnetism
NOTE: J~ is the total current density.
~ E
~ = B~
Faradays law

t
~ B
~ = 0 J~ + 0 0 E~
Amperes Law

t
1.5

Magnetic and electric fields in matter

= 0 r for media other than free space, where r = relative permitivity of the media.
SIMILAR FOR MAGNETS?

1.6

Bio-Savart Law
0 I sin
dB
=
dl
4 r2
Z
Z
0 Idl b
r
0 Idl r
=
B=
2
4 |r|
4 |r|3

b
r is in direction from wire element to point where field being calculated.
PAY ATTENTION TO WHETHER OR NOT THIS IS RELEVANT?!
Bio-Savart is used for STEADY current.
1.7

Inductance

L = 0 A Nl

Inductance

UL = 12 LI 2

Energy of Inductor

B = 0 I Nl ,

N = number of coils, l = length of solenoid, [tesla], Amperes law

VL = -L dI
dt

Induced voltage Emf = d

dt

Einducedin2 = -M dI
dt
= N d
= -Emf
L dI
dt
dt
1.8

Faradays law, BA =

Mutual inductance. M =

N2 2
i1
2

Self inductance L = 0 N l A

Solenoid AND Toroid

Kirchoff s Laws

1st: Current into a junction = current out of a junction.

2nd: V = 0 for any closed loop.