Flexural Member Demo

COLD-FORMED STEEL
FLEXURAL MEMBER
Nominal and allowable moment strength, based on initiation of yielding
Civil Engineering Tools

For Learning And Working
www.thamrinnst.wordpress.com
2013
Standard : AISI Standard, North Americans Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed
Steel Structural Member, 2001 Edition.
COMPANY :
PROJECT :
w
b/2
b/2
ho
x
t
bo
1). INPUT DATA

Units :
US unit
Fy
ksi
340
E
ksi
203402.5
ho
in.
10.000
bo
in.
5.000
t
in.
0.105
R
in.
3/16
2). SECTION PROPERTIES

a. Parameter of section
R+t=
R' = R + 1/2t =
w = bo - 2(R + t) =
h = ho - 2(R + t) =
Lc = 1/2 R' =
c=
Ac = 1/2 R t + 1/4 t =
2
0.2925
0.2400
4.4150
9.4150
0.3768
0.1553
0.0396
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in^2
4 (R t)
3 (R t) 2 R 2
b. Limit
w/t =
h/t =
42.0476
89.6667
c. Effective width of compression flange

Where, k =
1,052 w
k t
< 500
< 200
(Stiffened compression flange)

(Unreinforced web)
4.00
(Stiffened flange/section)
fy
0.90425
> 0,673
= 0.83683
corner, see Fig.2.
b = w =
3.69461 in.
d. The neutral axis
w
b/2
b/2
Ycg
Lc
ho
h
1
X
3
Keterangan :
R = R + 1/2t
Lc = 1/2 R
Distance from top fiber

y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
y = ho/2 =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2{ho - 2(R + t)} =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
0.0525 in.
0.1372 in.
5.0000 in.
9.8628 in.
9.9475 in.
L n. Yn
0.1940 in^2
0.1034 in^2
94.1500 in^2
7.4326 in^2
43.9182 in^2
145.7982 in^2
The neutral axis,
Ycg
Ln . Yn
Ln
f2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
( Fy )
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
= 320.596224 ksi
( f1 ) = 303.973173 ksi
f2
f1
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
From the top of fiber, see Fig.2.
e. Effective width of web

By using Fig.3, effectiveness of web calculate as follows,
f1
Ac = R t + t2
bo
=
=
=
=
=
Ln . Yn =
(Compression)
(Tensile)
0.9481
22.6839
= 0.78630173
> 0,673
= 0.91595
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
Ycg - (R + t) =
4.8328 in.
w
b/2
b/2
Fy
top web
R
ineffective web
Ycg
t
ho
h
x
bottom web
f2
bo
be = h =
ho/bo =
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
8.6236 in.
2.0000
<= 4
2.1842 in.
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
4.3118 in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
6.4960 in.
The web is fully effective

If the web is fully effective, go to the next page.
> Ycg - (R + t) = 4,8328 in.
f. Moment of Inertia and Section Modulus.

The web is fully effective.
Neutral axis from top fiber,
Ycg =
Distance from element c.g. to neutral axis,
y = Ycg - 1/2 t =
y = Ycg - (R + t) + c =
5.0728 in.
4.9881 in.
y = ho - Ycg - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - Ycg - 1/2 t =
4.7375 in.
4.8222 in.
Ln
Element
in.
3.6946
Ln.t or Ac
in^2
5.1253 in.
Element length (or area of corner),
L = b =
= 2 Ac =
L = 2 h =
= 2 Ac =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Moment of Inertia
yn
yn2
in^2
in.
5.0728
4.9881
18.8300
0.3879
0.0791
1.9772
4.4150
0.0791
0.4636
4.7375
4.8222
Ln.t.yn2
in^4
Ixo
in^4
25.7332 9.98278633
24.8811
1.9688
58.4197
22.4440
23.2537
1.7760
10.7798
Ix =
Note : Ixo = 1/12 t . Ln
Modulus of section,
Ix
ycg
Se
16.180 in^3
g. Nominal Moment Strength.
Mn = Se . Fy =
5501.19 kip.in
h. Allowable Moment Strength.

h.1. ASD.
Ma
Mn
where, b =
3294.12 kip.in
1.67
h.1. LRFD.
Stiffened element, b =
Mu = b . Mn =
0.95
5226.128 kip.in
Leave this page, the web is fully effective

e.1. First iteration
Distance from top fiber,
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length,
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
Lbot =2{ho-Ycg-(R+t)+b2} =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
The neutral axis,

Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy )
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
ksi
( f1 ) =
ksi
f2
f1
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
ho/bo =
in.
<= 4
2.0000
For ho/bo 4
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
The ineffective portion of the web,
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
NOTE : Distance from top fiber for element ybottom = {ho - Ycg - (R + t) + b2}/2 + ineffective + b1 + (R + t)

e.2. Second iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.3. Third iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.4. Fourth iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
when 0,236
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.5. Fifth iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.6. Sixth iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.7. Seventh iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
e.8. Eighth iteration

y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
be = h =
in.
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
e.9. Ninth iteration

y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
be = h =
in.
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
e.10. Tenth iteration

y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
REFERENCES
1). AISI Standard, North Americans Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Member, 2001 Edition.
2). Gregory J. Hancock, Thomas M. Murray and Duane S. Ellifritt, Cold-Formed Steel Structures
to the AISI Specification, Copyright 2001 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3). Wei-Wen Yu and Roger A. LaBoube, Cold-Formed Steel Design, Fourth Edition,
Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TEEL
BER
of yielding
old-Formed
Figure 1.
corner, see Fig.2.
(AISI, B1.1)
(AISI, B1.2)
(AISI, B2.1)
(AISI, B2.1)
Page 2.
R
1
c
3
4
Figure 2.
3.6946 in.
0.7536 in.
18.8300 in.
0.7536 in.
4.4150 in.
28.4468 in.
Yn
5.1253 in.
, see Fig.2.
(AISI, B2.3)
(AISI, B2.3)
Page 2.
f1
b1
b2
Figure 3.
(AISI, B2.3)
(AISI, B2.3)
(AISI, B2.3)
(AISI, B2.3)
Page 3.
rea of corner),
3.6946 in.
0.0791 in.
18.8300 in.
0.0791 in.
4.4150 in.
Ix
in^4
9.9828
1.9688
58.4197
1.7760
10.7798
82.9270
, see Fig.2.
Page 4.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 5.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 6.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 7.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 8.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 9.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 10.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 11.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 12.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 13.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
ghts Reserved.
Page 14.
Page 15.
Sumber : Cold-Formed Steel Design, 4 th, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. L
, 4 th, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. LaBoube,, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.
COLD-FORMED STEEL
FLEXURAL MEMBER
Nominal and allowable moment strength, based on initiation of yielding
Civil Engineering Tools

For Learning And Working
www.thamrinnst.wordpress.com
2013
Standard : AISI Standard, North Americans Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed
Steel Structural Member, 2001 Edition.
COMPANY :
PROJECT :
bo
w
b/2
b/2
R
ho
x
t
b1
b1
1). INPUT DATA

Units :
US unit
Fy
ksi
50
E
ksi
29500
ho
in.
10.000
bo
in.
15.000
b1
in.
1.340
t
in.
0.105
R
in.
3/16
2). SECTION PROPERTIES

a. Parameter of section
R+t=
R' = R + 1/2t =
w = bo - 2(R + t) =
h = ho - 2(R + t) =
Lc = 1/2 R' =
c=
Ac = 1/2 R t + 1/4 t =
2
0.2925
0.2400
14.4150
9.4150
0.3768
0.1553
0.0396
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in^2
4 (R t)
3 (R t) 2 R 2
b. Limit
w/t =
h/t =
137.2857
89.6667
c. Effective width of compression flange

Where, k =
1,052 w
k t
< 500
< 200
(Stiffened compression flange)

(Unreinforced web)
4.00
(Stiffened flange)
fy
2.9729
> 0,673
= 0.31148
corner, see Fig.2.
b = w =
4.4899 in.
d. Location of neutral axis

d.1. First Approximation
bo
w
2
b/2
b/2
Lc
Ycg
ho
Keterangan :
b1
b1
R = R + 1/2t
Lc = 1/2 R
Ac = R t + t2

y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
y = ho/2 =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
=
=
=
=
=
Ln . Yn =
L n. Yn
0.2357 in^2
0.1034 in^2
94.1500 in^2
7.4326 in^2
20.8400 in^2
122.7617 in^2
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2{ho - 2(R + t)} =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2b1 - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
0.0525 in.
0.1372 in.
5.0000 in.
9.8628 in.
9.9475 in.
The neutral axis,
Ycg
Ln . Yn
Ln
4.5599 in.

Ycg =
4.5599 in.
< ho/2 =
The neutral axis is closer to the compression flange,

the maximum stress occurs in the tension flange.
Another trial is required, go to page 5.
d.5. Fifth Approximation

Ycg =
4.4868 in.
f=
40.6911 ksi
2.6819
(Compression), top flange
b=
4.9339 in.
(effective width of top flange)
e. Effective width of web

By using Fig.3, effectiveness of web calculate as follows,
f1
f2
ycg ( R t )
(f) =
38.0384 ksi
(Compression)
( f1 ) =
47.3473 ksi
(Tensile)
ycg
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
f2
f1
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
1.2447
31.1108
= 0.60728329
Ycg - (R + t) =
= 1.00000
< 0,673
4.1943 in.
bo
w
b/2
b/2
top web
ineffective web
Ycg
t
ho
h
x
bottom web
be = h =
ho/bo =
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
9.4150 in.
0.6667
<= 4
2.2180 in.
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
4.7075 in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
f2
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
6.9255 in.
> Ycg - (R + t) = 4,1943 in.
The web is fully effective

If the web is fully effective, go to the next page.
f. Moment of Inertia and Section Modulus.

The web is fully effective.
Neutral axis from top fiber,
Ycg =
Distance from element c.g. to neutral axis,
4.4868 in.
y = Ycg - 1/2 t =
y = Ycg - (R + t) + c =
4.4343 in.
4.3496 in.
Element length (or area of corner),

L = b =
= 2 Ac =
L = h =
y = ho - Ycg - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - Ycg - 1/2 t =
5.3760 in.
5.4607 in.
= 2 Ac =
L = 2b1 - 2(R + t) =
Ln
Element
in.
4.9339
Ln.t or Ac
in^2
9.4150
0.5181
0.0791
0.9886
2.0950
0.0791
0.2200
Moment of Inertia
yn
yn2
in^2
in.
4.4343
19.6628
4.3496
18.9189
Ln.t.yn2
in^4
Ixo
in^4
10.1866
1.4970
14.6049
5.3760
5.4607
28.9016
29.8195
2.2869
6.5595
Ix =
Note : Element , Ixo = 1/12 . (2t) . Ln
Modulus of section,
Ix
ycg
Se
7.8308 in^3
g. Nominal Moment Strength.
Mn = Se . Fy =
391.5389 kip.in
h. Allowable Moment Strength.

h.1. ASD.
Ma
Mn
where, b =
234.4544 kip.in
1.67
h.1. LRFD.
Stiffened element, b =
Mu = b . Mn =
0.95
371.9619 kip.in
d.2. Second Approximation
ycg
ho ycg
(Fy )
41.9098 ksi
Where, k =
1,052 w
k t
4.00 (Stiffened flange)
2.7218
b = w =
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
y = ho/2 =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
=
=
=
=
=
Ln . Yn =
L n. Yn
0.2556 in^2
0.1034 in^2
94.1500 in^2
7.4326 in^2
20.8400 in^2
122.7816 in^2
(Compression)
= 0.33771
> 0,673
4.86803 in.
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2{ho - 2(R + t)} =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2b1 - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
0.0525 in.
0.1372 in.
5.0000 in.
9.8628 in.
9.9475 in.
The neutral axis,
Ycg
Ln . Yn
Ln

Ycg =
4.4975 in.
4.4975 in.
< ho/2 =

d.3. Third Approximation
ycg
ho ycg
(Fy )
40.8671 ksi
Where, k =
1,052 w
k t
2.6877
b = w =
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
y = ho/2 =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
=
=
=
=
=
Ln . Yn =
L n. Yn
0.2585 in^2
0.1034 in^2
94.1500 in^2
7.4326 in^2
20.8400 in^2
122.7845 in^2
(Compression)
= 0.34161
> 0,673
4.9242 in.
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2{ho - 2(R + t)} =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2b1 - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
0.0525 in.
0.1372 in.
5.0000 in.
9.8628 in.
9.9475 in.
The neutral axis,
Ycg
Ln . Yn
Ln

Ycg =
4.4883 in.
4.4883 in.
< ho/2 =

d.4. Fourth Approximation
ycg
ho ycg
(Fy )
40.7165 ksi
Where, k =
1,052 w
k t
2.6828
b = w =
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
y = ho/2 =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
=
=
=
=
=
Ln . Yn =
L n. Yn
0.2590 in^2
0.1034 in^2
94.1500 in^2
7.4326 in^2
20.8400 in^2
122.7850 in^2
(Compression)
= 0.34218
> 0,673
4.93253 in.
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2{ho - 2(R + t)} =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2b1 - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
0.0525 in.
0.1372 in.
5.0000 in.
9.8628 in.
9.9475 in.
The neutral axis,
Ycg
Ln . Yn
Ln

Ycg =
4.4870 in.
4.4870 in.
< ho/2 =

d.5. Fifth Approximation
ycg
ho ycg
(Fy )
40.6944 ksi
Where, k =
1,052 w
k t
2.6821
b = w =
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
y = ho/2 =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
=
=
=
=
=
Ln . Yn =
(Compression)
= 0.34227
> 0,673
4.93375 in.
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2{ho - 2(R + t)} =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2b1 - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
0.0525 in.
0.1372 in.
5.0000 in.
9.8628 in.
9.9475 in.
L n. Yn
0.2590 in^2
0.1034 in^2
94.1500 in^2
7.4326 in^2
20.8400 in^2
122.7850 in^2
The neutral axis,
Ycg
Ln . Yn
Ln
4.4868 in.

Ycg =
4.4868 in.
< ho/2 =

For Ycg =
4.4868 in.
ycg
ho ycg
(Fy )
Where, k =
1,052 w
k t
40.6911 ksi
(Compression)

2.6819
> 0,673
= 0.34228
b = w =
4.93393 in.

e.1. First iteration
Distance from top fiber,
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length,
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = 2b1 - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
The neutral axis,

Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy )
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
ksi
( f1 ) =
ksi
f2
f1
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
<= 4
0.6667
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.2. Second iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
ksi
ksi
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.3. Third iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.4. Fourth iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
f2
f1
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.5. Fifth iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
( f1 )
The neutral axis,

Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
ksi
f2
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.6. Sixth iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
( Fy ) =
The neutral axis,

Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
ksi
f1
f2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
( Fy )
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

e.7. Seventh iteration
y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
The neutral axis,

Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
f1
f2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
ksi
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.
Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
e.8. Eighth iteration

y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
bot =
=
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
The neutral axis,

Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
ksi
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
e.9. Ninth iteration

y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
L n. Yn
=
=
top =
in^2
in^2
in^2
The neutral axis,
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
ksi
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
f1
E
1,052 h
k t
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
e.10. Tenth iteration

y = 1/2 t =
y = (R + t) - c =
ytop = b1/2 + (R + t) =
ybottom =
y = ho - (R + t) + c =
y = ho - 1/2 t =
Element length
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
L n. Yn
=
in^2
L = b =
L = 2 Lc =
Ltop = 2 b1 =
L = 2 Lc =
L = bo - 2(R + t) =
Ln =
=
top =
bot =
=
=
Ln . Yn =
f1
f2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
in^2
ycg ( R t )
ycg
Ycg = Ln.Yn / Ln =
( Fy ) =
ho ycg ( R t )
ycg ( R t )
The neutral axis,
( f1 ) =
f2
f1
ksi
ksi
k = 4 + 2(1 + )3 + 2(1 + ) =
1,052 h
k t
f1
E
> 0,673
Ycg - (R + t) =
in.
be = h =
in.
b1 = be/(3 + ) =
in.
ho/bo =
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/2 =
in.
when > 0,236
b2 = be - b1 =
in.
when 0,236
For ho/bo 4
b2 = be/(1 + ) - b1 =
in.
b1 + b 2 =
in.

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =
REFERENCES
1). AISI Standard, North Americans Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel
Structural Member, 2001 Edition.
2). Gregory J. Hancock, Thomas M. Murray and Duane S. Ellifritt, Cold-Formed Steel Structures
to the AISI Specification, Copyright 2001 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3). Wei-Wen Yu and Roger A. LaBoube, Cold-Formed Steel Design, Fourth Edition,
Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TEEL
BER
of yielding
old-Formed
Figure 1.
corner, see Fig.2.
(AISI, B1.1)
(AISI, B1.2)
(AISI, B2.1)
(AISI, B2.1)
Page 1.
R
1
c
3
4
Figure 2.
4.4899 in.
0.7536 in.
18.8300 in.
0.7536 in.
2.0950 in.
26.9221 in.
5.000 in.
Page 2.
(AISI, B2.3)
(AISI, B2.3)
f1
b1
b2
Figure 3.
(AISI, B2.3)
(AISI, B2.3)
(AISI, B2.3)
(AISI, B2.3)
Page 3.
rea of corner),
4.9339 in.
0.0791 in^2
9.4150 in.
0.0791 in^2
2.0950 in.
Ix
in^4
10.1866
1.4970
14.6049
2.2869
6.5595
35.1350
Page 4.
4.8680 in.
0.7536 in.
18.8300 in.
0.7536 in.
2.0950 in.
27.3002 in.
5.000 in.
Page 5.
4.9242 in.
0.7536 in.
18.8300 in.
0.7536 in.
2.0950 in.
27.3564 in.
5.000 in.
Page 6.
4.9325 in.
0.7536 in.
18.8300 in.
0.7536 in.
2.0950 in.
27.3647 in.
5.000 in.
Page 5.
4.9338 in.
0.7536 in.
18.8300 in.
0.7536 in.
2.0950 in.
27.3660 in.
5.000 in.
Page 5.
, see Fig.2.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 5.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 6.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 7.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 8.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 9.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
Page 10.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
Page 11.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
in.
Page 12.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
in.
Page 13.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
in.
, see Fig.2.
in.
ghts Reserved.
Page 14.
Page 15.
Sumber : Cold-Formed Steel Design, 4 th, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. L
, 4 th, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. LaBoube,, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.

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COLD-FORMED STEEL

Civil Engineering Tools

1). INPUT DATA

2). SECTION PROPERTIES

c. Effective width of compression flange

(Stiffened compression flange)

corner, see Fig.2.

d. The neutral axis

Distance from top fiber

The neutral axis,

From the top of fiber, see Fig.2.

e. Effective width of web

when > 0,236

The web is fully effective

> Ycg - (R + t) = 4,8328 in.

f. Moment of Inertia and Section Modulus.

Note : Ixo = 1/12 t . Ln

g. Nominal Moment Strength.

h. Allowable Moment Strength.

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236

The ineffective portion of the web,

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236

The ineffective portion of the web,

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236

The ineffective portion of the web,

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236

The ineffective portion of the web,

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236

The ineffective portion of the web,

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236

The ineffective portion of the web,

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236

The ineffective portion of the web,

Ycg - (R + t) - (b1 + b2) =

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

e.8. Eighth iteration

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236

The ineffective portion of the web,

Leave this page, the web is fully effective

e.9. Ninth iteration

The neutral axis,

when > 0,236