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B. Heterotrophic organisms
Macroconsumers
a. Enumerate the different species of animals that you observe in the area. If possible,
count the number of individuals that are present per species of animal.
b. Try to determine the feeding type of each animal (herbivores, carnivores and
omnivores). Aside from food what other benefits do animals get from these plants?
c. What characteristics of animals differentiate them from plants? Which group of
organisms are more numerous, the plants of the animals? Try to give a reason for this
observation based on your readings and based on our class discussion.
d. What physical factors of the environment are affecting the animals? Describe how
these animals are relating to the physical environment.
e. Observe closely how each animal is relating to other animals. What possible
relationships exist between animals of different species? Is there a noticeable pattern
(random, even, clump) on how the each animal species is situated in the plot.
Microconsumers
a. Observe the presence of mushrooms and other fungi present in the plot vicinity. Where
are these fungi growing? Do you observe whitish thread-like structure in the soil or in
other places? What are they? What are the roles of fungi in the ecosystem?
b. Using pertinent literature, enumerate other organisms present in the soil that have
similar roles in the ecosystem as the fungi.
c. What are some physical factors of the soil environment that affect the growth of these
groups of organism? Discuss briefly.
d. How do you call the type of food web these organisms form?
C. Ecosystem Diagrams
For each ecosystem, make a food web using the different organisms observed in the area.
D. Recapitulation (for forest ecosystem only)
a. Observe a fallen log.
b. Enumerate the different organisms growing on it. Can this be considered an
ecosystem? Why or why not?
Note: The questions given in the procedure will help you discover the interactions and
interrelationships among the different components of the ecosystem. The answer to these
questions will help you fill the tables, as well as discuss what you observed for your report, which
will be submitted one week after the performance of the exercise. Incorporate all answers
to the questions in the discussion.
It is best that your group discuss the exercise during your free time after the trip. However,
individual reports must be submitted. The data to be presented in the tables may be an output of
all the members of the group but the discussion and the answers to the questions must be
individual effort.
You should prepare your own diagrams to show interactions of the various components of
each ecosystem. These diagrams should be presented as part of the handwritten report.
Margins: 1.5 left, 1top, bottom and right
Spacing: 1.5
Top of page indicate the following
Name:
NASC 5 CD4R)
Faculty-in-charge:
Content:
Title of the exercise
I.
Intorduction make your own, do not copy the guide
II.
Objectives copy the stated objectives in the guide
III.
Methodology describe briefly but completely how data was gathered in each
ecosystem. You may refer to the procedure. Make sure to write in past tense, as the
report will be submitted after the conduct of the activity
IV.
Results Fill-up tables 1 and 2. Make food web using the observed organisms for each
ecosystem. Provide individual biotic tables for the different ecosystems (label table1a,
1b etc)
V.
Discussion discuss the exercise using the questions raised in the procedure as guide.
Include an analysis or a simple explanation of each diagram in the discussion. Also be
guided by the objectives of this activity. Use relevant literature to back up your
discussion, but make sure to cite them properly.
VI.
Conclusion make your own conclusions. Base your conclusions on the objectives set
in the activity.
VII.
References list alphabetically all references and materials used to support your
discussions. It is highly recommended you use a minimum of 3 scholarly
references. Use the format found in this link
(http://web.clark.edu/tkibota/240/Disease/LitCit.pdf)
Habit (one,
or Type
few, many)
(dumped,
Number
even,Distribution Pattern
Ecosystem 1
Ecosystem 2
*write NONE, if the factor does not have a role in the ecosystem
MacroconsumersHeterotrophs
PlantsAutotrophs
Biotic Component
Air
WAVE VELOCITY
WIND VELOCITY
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
Water
Soil
TEMPERATURE
LIGHT INTENSITY