Instituto Politcnico Nacional

Escuela Superior de Cmputo

Lab Fundamental Analysis of Circuits

Practice Number 1 (Second part).

Measuring instruments, management oscilloscope
Learning unit:
Fundamental Analysis of Circuits.
Group: 1CV10
Team: 3
Members:
- Hernndez Duarte Miguel Angel
- Monjardin Alvarado Roberto Edgar
- Zamarrn Muoz Eduardo
Teacher: Hernndez Aguilar Jose Luis
Date of realization: 27/08/2014
Delivery date: 27/08/14
Comments:
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Target
At the end of the practice the student must be able to:
1. Use of the controls for an oscilloscope of general-purpose.
2. Evaluate the adjustment signal for test prods of an oscilloscope with a general
purpose.
3. Use a voltage signal generator in sine, square and triangular function.
4. Measure the voltage of d. c. using the horizontal input or the vertical input of the
oscilloscope.
5. Get and evaluate graphs of voltage vs. time in basic circuits to measure
amplitudes, periods and frequency of voltage signals.
6. Use both oscilloscopes vertical inputs for the variation between two sine signals
with the Y(t)mode and the Lissajous figures in the XY mode.
Equipment given for the laboratory:
1 Oscilloscope
1 function generator
1 Variable voltage source
1 Multimeter

Materials that the students have to

bring:
1 Resistor 4.7K to 12 watt.
2 Resistors 10K to 12 watt.
1 Capacitor.
1 Protoboard.
Connection wires.
3 Oscilloscope probes
1 probes of BNC to BNC
6 Banana plug to alligator clip test
leads

1. - Theoretical introduction (The principle operation of the

oscilloscope)
The operation of this measure instrument is similar to the kinescopes of the TV
receptors: the electrons cannon (cathode) sends a beam to a screen coated with a
phosphorescent material; during its path, the ray crosses through focusing stages and
acceleration (anode attraction) such that when the screen is hit a luminous point is
produced, trough deflector plates located in convenient places, is possible modify the
electrons straight trajectory , both vertically and horizontally, thus allowing show
diverse information. Allowing review details that with another ways would be impossible
to observe.

II. - Development of practical

II. 1. - Measure of the proof signal of calibration of the oscilloscope
Turn the oscilloscope and locate the cover, the CALIBRATION terminal proof.
Plug in the terminal in the channel 1 (CH1) with an oscilloscope wire, and chose the
trigger source (it must be CH1). Adjust the measure scales with the controls
(VOLTS/DIV), to measure the voltage amplitude , and time base (TIME/DIV), to
measure the period, so it is possible to visualize the complete cycle of the signal on the
calibration proof, . Draw in the graticule behind, the resultant signal and report the
characteristics obtained, on frequency and amplitude. After that, use the same method
for channel 2 (CH2) using another measure scales.
CHANNEL 1

CHANNEL
Time/Div=
_______
Seg/Div
Time/Div= _______ Seg/Div
Time/Div= _______ Volts/Div

Time/Div= _______ Volts/Div

To calculate the period T:

T= (TIME/DIV)*(horizontal division on the signal proof of a cycle).
For Channel 1
For Channel 2
T=____*____seg
T=____*____seg
To calculate the frequency value: F=1/T
For Channel 1
For Channel 2
F=1/___=____Hz
F=1/___=____Hz
To calculate the value of the voltage amplitude pique to pique use the vertical division
pique to pique in the proof signal.
Channel 1
Channel 2
V=_____*____Vpp
V=_____*____Vpp

Note: The calibration signal proof is internally generated by the oscilloscope, and
the measured values in frequency and amplitude, must correspond with the
legend showed on the mask.

II.2. - Analysis of the functioning of the signals generator

Energize the signal generator, plug in the terminal of the main output to input of
channel 1 of the oscilloscope, use your wire BNC-BNC for that. Adjust the frequency of
the output signal in the generator to 10 KHz and the amplitude to 10Vpp.
Complete the next chart choosing the different ways of wave that the function generator
makes.
Amplitud
Periodo Frequenc
Function
e Vpp
T (seg)
y F (Hz)
(Volts)

Signal Form (Draw it)

Sine

Time/Div=_____ Seg/Div
Volts/Div=_____ Volts/Div

Triangula
r

Time/Div=_____ Seg/Div
Volts/Div=_____ Volts/Div

Square

Time/Div=_____ Seg/Div
Volts/Div=_____ Volts/Div
II.2.2. - Check Operation of Signal Generator
Select a triangular signal of 5V in a frequency of 10KHz. Connect it to the input of
the channel number one of the oscilloscope, select the coupling position to GND and
verify that the trace crosses the center of the graticule of the oscilloscope. Next, select
the coupling position into C.D. of that instrument. Active the voltage generation of
OFFSET, in the generator, and find the minimum and maximum values of OFFSET for
drawing the oscillograms obtained in the next graticules.
Maximum voltage to D.C. added to signal
OFFSETMAX=_____Vo
lts

II.3.

The

Minimum voltage to D.C.

OFFSETMAX=_____Vo
lts

Oscilloscope as grapher X-Y, with C.D. signals

The Cartesian displacement of the electronic beam will be measured in different
polarities of tension of CD in the terminals of the input of the oscilloscope. Due to this, in
the oscilloscopes screen, will be observable just one point that changes its position
according to the applied voltages and that represents a Cartesian coordinate.
Put the oscilloscope in X-Y mode with the coupling selectors of both channels in GND
position. Use POSITION X and POSITION Y controls to collocate the traces of both
channels in the ORIGIN (establish the reference 0Vx, 0Vy), with the point in the
screens center of the oscilloscope.

Note:
In some oscilloscopes this mode of operation is selected by turning the time base
(TIME / DIV) to the XY position, in other models there is a button to select the
mode.
Then connect the circuit as shown in the following figure and connect the nodes A, B, C
to the oscilloscope using the appropriate cables. Perform the measurements requested
below, with sectors coupling of X and Y channels of the oscilloscope on the CD position
and the vertical scales on 5 volts / div. Draw the result of each measurement by placing
the appropriate number on the same graticule, using in each case a different color.

Measurements performed using probes of the oscilloscope:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Positive terminal cable channel X to node A and node negative C.

Positive terminal cable channel Y to node B and node negative C.
Positive terminal cable channel Y to node B and node negative C.
Same connect the above but with inverted Y channel.
Positive terminal cable channel X to node B, the positive terminal cable channel
Y to node C, negative both channel A and channel node and invested.

II. 4. - The oscilloscope and XY plotter with AC signals

The shift angle phase (theta) between the electrical signals of input and output of
an RC circuit energized with sinusoidal voltage will be measured.
The following figures show two methods of measurement of the phase shift angle
(theta) and equations for calculation. The first method will be made using the
oscilloscope plotting against time, so Y(t). The second will be effected using the
Oscilloscope plotting in Cartesian plane, XY mode, and is known as LISSAJOUS
method.

To apply the first method, connect the following circuit and connect the
oscilloscope according to the picture. Adjust the ratio of horizontal and vertical
measurement of the oscilloscope, with values that allow the observation of two
sinusoidal phase signals as in the previous figure, Since the shift angle phase between
said electrical signals are calculated, measure the values of "o" and "T". The readings of
these values can be made even if the vertical measurement scales for both channel 1
and channel 2, have different values (controls volts / div to a different position). Draw
the resulting signals in grating mode suitable for Y(t).
Then, to apply the second method, set the oscilloscope in XY with selectors coupling of
both channels in the GND (ground) to place position strokes both channels at the origin
with the point at the center of the oscilloscope screen. After the above done, put the
selectors of the X and Y channels of the oscilloscope on the CD position and scales.
You must obtain an ellipse as shown in the figure above, draw the resulting graph in XY
graticule indicated for the mode and measure the values of "A" and "B".
Calculate the measured values lag angle response for each method, using the
corresponding equation, and then report it.

III. Questions
1. - How to use the oscilloscope to measure voltage and frequency?
Perform the measurement voltage with an oscilloscope is easy, simply involves counting
the number of vertical divisions occupying the signal on the screen. For measurements
of the horizontal time scale of the oscilloscope is used. The frequency measurement is
indirect and is performed by calculating the inverse of the period.
2. - What is the function of a function generator?
It is used to generate or simulate specific signals with specific characteristics.
3. For what are used LISSAJOUS graphs?
They are used to determine the frequency and relative phase between two sinusoidal
oscillations.
4. - Why are operating modes Y (t) and XY used?
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5. - What do you mean by engagement in D.C.?
The DC coupling describes any acquisition of a signal containing both AC and DC
component.
6. - What is a signal OFFSET?
Is the offset of a signal, the minimum or zero, means that the positive and negative half
cycles are of the same amplitude.
7. What does it mean that a signal is out of phase with each other?
The difference between the two phases.

IV. Conclusions
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V. Bibliography