HW#1

104/9/02

Raos book

Ans: ke

l l
1 2

kk
l k l k
2
1 1

1 2
2
2 2

1.14 An electronic instrument, weighting 900 N, is supported on a rubber mounting whose forcedeflection relationship is given by F x 1400 x 11x3 , where the force (F) and the deflection
(x) are in Newtons and centimeters, respectively. Determine the following:
(a) Equivalent linear spring constant for the mounting at its static equilibrium position.
(b) Deflection of the mounting corresponding to the equivalent linear spring constant.
Ans: (a) xeq 0.64 cm , keq 1413.6 N/cm .

1.23 Find the equivalent spring constant and equivalent mass of the system shown in Fig. 1.79 with
reference to . Assume that the bars AOB and CD are rigid with negligible mass.
Ans: k23

d2
k2 k3
2
2
2
, k4
g , keq k1l1 k23l2 kt k4l3
k2 k3
4

1
J eq 2 , J eq m1l12 m2 m l32
2

HW#1

104/9/02

1.29 Figure 1.84 shows an air spring. This type of spring is generally used for obtaining very low
natural frequencies while maintaining zero deflection under static loads. Find the spring
constant of this air spring by assuming that the pressure p and volume v change adiabatically
when the mass m moves.
Ans: pv constant, keq

p A2
v

1.40 Consider a spring of stiffness k stretched by a distance x0

from its free length. One end of the spring is fixed at point
O and the other end is connected to a roller as shown in
Fig. 1.90. The roller is constrained to move in the
horizontal direction with no friction. Find the force (F)displacement (x) relationship of the spring when the roller
is moved by a horizontal distance x to position B. Discuss
the resulting force-displacement relation and identify the
stiffness constant k along the direction of x.

h
Ans: Fx k 1
h2 x 2

x (h is the free length of the spring)

HW#1

104/9/02

1.49 In Fig. 1.96, find the equivalent mass of the rocker arm assembly with respect to the xcoordinate.
2

1
a
1
Ans: T meq x 2 , meq m1 m2 J 0 .
2
b
b

2.18 A heavy machine weighing 9,810 N is being lowered by

a winch at a uniform velocity of 2 m/s. The steel cable
supporting the machine has a diameter of 0.01 m. The
winch is suddenly stopped when the steel cables
length is 20 m. Find the period and amplitude of the
ensuing vibration of the machine.
Ans: T 0.22 sec, Amplitude A 0.07 m.

2.67 A mass m is attached at the end of a bar of negligible mass and is made to vibrate in three
different configurations, as indicated in Fig. 2.91. Find the configuration corresponding to the
highest natural frequency.
Ans: Configuration (b).

Figure. 2.99

2.77 A uniform circular disc is pivoted at point O, as shown in Fig. 2.99. Find the natural frequency
of the system. Also find the maximum frequency of the system by varying the value of b.
Ans: n,max

a
g
, at b
2a
2

HW#1

104/9/02

2.86 Determine the effect of self-weight on the natural frequency of vibration of the pinned-pinned
bea shown in Fig. 2.104.
Ans: meqv

17
m.
35

2.156 Figure 2.118 shows a uniform rigid bar of mass m and length l, pivoted at one end (point O)
and carrying a circular disk of mass M and mass moment of inertia J (about its rotational axis)
at the other end (point P). The circular disk is connected to a spring of stiffness k and a viscous
damper of damping constant c as indicated.
(a) Derive the equation of motion of the system for small angular displacements of the rigid bar
about the pivot point O and express it in the form: m0 c0 k0 0 .
(b) Derive conditions corresponding to the stable, unstable, and marginally stable behavior of
the system.
Ans: m0 J d J r with J d J ML2 and J r ml 2 / 3 ; c0 cL2 ; k0

mgl
MgL kL2 .
2

m0 0 s 2 s 0 c0 / m0 k0 / m0
s

2 4
Re s 0 asymptotically stable Re s 0
2

Re s 0 marginally stable Re s 0 unstablei 0 0

ii 0 0 iii

HW#1

104/9/02

Principles of Vibration by B.H. Tongue

1.29 A spring is suspended from a nonlinear spring as in Figure P1.28. The force/displacement
relation of the spring is given by fspring 49 x x 2 , where fspring is in newtons and x is in
centimeters. Find the linearized n for the spring-mass system about its static equilibrium for
m 10 kg . Then find the new value of n for m 20 kg . Did the natural frequency drop by
29% (as linearized theory would predict)?
Ans: (a) 38.3 rad/s, (b) 31.8 rad/s
1.42 Consider two masses in Figure P1.42 joined by a spring and sliding on a frictionless surface. If
the distance between them in given by z, determine the equation of motion of the system that
involves only z, m1 , and m2 . (Note: The motion will be a breathing action in which the
masses move together and apart.)

mm
Ans: 1 2 z kz 0
m1 m2