BRIDGE

Dede Irfan 5423144458

D3 Teknik Sipil 2014
A. History
A Bridge is a public facility and is a part of structure built to span
physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of
providing passage over the obstacle. A first bridges was made by human
were probably a simple bridges, spans of cut wooden logs or planks and
eventually stones, and using a crossbeam arrangement. Greece, The Ancient
Romans, America and other country in Europe give a big contribution in
evolution of bridge. In there, the architecs give many innovation in design,
part of material and the structure of bridges.

B. Structure Type
Bridge may be classified by how the forces of tension, compression,
bending, torsion and shear are distributed through their structure. And each
other from the type have a advantages and disadvantages.
Picture the structure type of bridge
Beam Bridge

Truss Bridge

Cantilever Bridge Arch Bridge

Tied Arch Bridge

Bridge

Suspension Bridge

Cable Stayed

Fix or Movable bridge, Viaducts, Three Ways-Bridge and Double-Decked

Bridge also is a type of structure of the bridge. A Bridge built must suitable
with, area, material and what the bridge use for.

C. Bridge Type by Used

A bridge can be categorized by what it is designed to carry, such as

trains, pedestrian or road traffic, a pipeline or waterway for water
transport or barge traffic.

D. Bridge Type by Materials

Bridge Type

Materials Used

For small footbridges, the cantilevers may be simple beams; however,

Cantilever

large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or rail traffic use trusses
built from structural steel, or box girders built from prestressed concrete.

The cables are usually made of steel cables coated with Zinc, along with
Suspension

most of the bridge, but some bridges are still made with steel reinforced
concrete.

Arch

Stone, brick and other such materials that are strong in compression and
somewhat so in shear.

Pre-stressed concrete is an ideal material for beam bridge construction;

Beam

the concrete withstands the forces of compression well and the steel rods
imbedded within resist the forces of tension. Pre-stressed concrete also
tends to be one of the least expensive materials in construction.

Truss

The triangular pieces of Truss bridges are manufactured from straight and
steel bars, according to the truss bridge designs.

E. Bridge Failure
The failure of bridges is of special concern for structural engineers in
trying to learn lessons vital to bridge design, construction and
maintenance.

F. Bridge Maintain and Monitoring

Bridge maintenance consisting of a combination of structural health

monitoring and testing. This is regulated in country-specific engineer
standards and includes e.g. an ongoing monitoring every three to six
months, a simple test or inspection every two to three years and a major
inspection every six to ten years.