Contents

What is Extraction?............................................................................................................................ 2
Solvent Extraction Process................................................................................................................ 2
Preparation of Raw Material (Seed Preparatory Section)...................................................................2
Components of Concern That Need To Be Removed.......................................................................4
Canola Seed................................................................................................................................... 4
Rapeseed Facts.................................................................................................................................. 4
Seed Type and Common Varieties..................................................................................................... 5
Top Rapeseed Producing Countries.................................................................................................... 5
Top Ten Sunflower Seed Producing Countries.................................................................................... 5
Major Countries of the Raw Material.................................................................................................. 6
Factors Influencing the Extraction Processes..................................................................................... 6
Raw Material...................................................................................................................................... 6
Vegetable Oil Buyers International.................................................................................................... 6
Major Buyer Fresh Meal & Poultry...................................................................................................... 6
Buyers (Nationwide).......................................................................................................................... 6
Key Success Factors........................................................................................................................... 6
Positioning......................................................................................................................................... 7
Understanding the Customer............................................................................................................. 7
Consumers Expectations.................................................................................................................. 7

What is Extraction?
Extraction, better known as Solvent Extraction is a process basically used to purify products in the
refinery. It involves the use of a solvent to extract or remove the unwanted components present in
the products.
The solvent extraction plants are used where

rice

oil is extracted from oil seeds like soybean,

designed and are energy efficient, consistent

sunflower, cottonseed, other oil seeds and oil

in

cakes like mustard cake, groundnut cake and

friendly and generate less effluent. The level

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bran.
output

The

plants

quantity and

are

ergonomically

quality,

operator

of plant automation depends upon client

than the traditional hydraulic press, ghani or

requirement. These plants are more efficient

continuous screw.

Solvent Extraction Process

The process of solvent extraction results into

this purpose, but among all those, hexane is

a solution of the oil in solvent by diffusing

extensively used in the solvent extraction due

solvent into the oil- bearing of raw materials.

to its low boiling point.

Different types of solvents can be used for

Following are the different stages into which the entire extraction process is divided:

Preparation of Raw Material (Seed Preparatory Section)

There are 3 different types of Soyabeans viz.

material is passed into the cooker conditioner

brown, yellow and black with 18 - 22%

for further processing.

content of oil. These Soyabeans are firstly

A jacket steam along with injection of open

cleansed, graded and then finally fed into the

steam is applied for complete conditioning of

cracker, where these are cracked into small

the beans. There is a flaker machine into

pieces. The gap between the cracker rolls

which the conditioned meats are fed and then

should be adjusted in such a way as to avoid

processed through a pair of smooth rolls

powder of the beans.

rotating at the same speed in opposite

As to separate the hulls, a hull- separator is

direction. Compression springs or hydraulic

attached to the cracker machine into which

power pack is attached in the rolls due to

the material is received. The broken meats

which the thickness of flakes is adjusted.

with some content of hulls is carried on the

Generally, the thickness of the flakes coming

vibratory deck into the hopper whereas, the

out of the machine is about 0.25 to 0.28 mm.

powdery material called chuni is collected at

After flaking, the Soyabeans are fed into the

the lower most deck.

expander for preparing the cakes and collets.

A current of air is passed for minimizing the

In order to remove the moisture from the

content of hulls in the material. After this, the

collets generated from the expander, these

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are fed in dryer cooler and cooled up to the

collets free from moisture are fed to the

extraction temperature. Finally, the cooled

extraction system through Redler 186.

Process of Extraction In Solvent Extraction Plant

After the extraction process, the materials are

95% of the original content of oil is extracted

fed onto a conveyor through a hopper. There,

from the raw materials. A temperature of 50

it forms a solid bed, not allowing solvent

60

vapours to escape. Entire extraction process

compared to atmospheric is maintained in the

is carried out in different stages until almost

extractor for the processing.

oC

and

slightly

low

pressure

as

Extraction Process
In this extraction process, the raw materials

(67oC) and high solubility of oils and fats in it.

are treated with hexane and the oil is

Hexane,

recovered, resulting into a solution of oil in

compound

hexane

processing. Thus, all those stages that involve

called

miscella.

Condensation,

being

highly

requires

utmost

speed

machineries

inflammable
care
like

during

evaporation and distillation of miscella are

high

finishing,

the process through which the absorbed

material preparation and bagging are carried

hexane in the material is recovered. The

out at least 50 ft. away from the main

reason due to which hexane is opted for the

extraction plant.

extraction process is its low boiling point

Desolventising
The meal discharged from extractor contains

During

25% to 30% solvent. This solvent is removed

equipment pressure will be slightly below the

after the meal is propelled in Desolventiser

atmospheric pressure. Thus vapour losses and

Toaster with the help of high-pressure jacket

residual solvent in meal are minimized.

heating

and

low-pressure

spurge

steam.

Distillation

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solvent

evaporation

process

According to the nature of the raw materials,

atomizer, on the top and at the jacketed

the miscella has 10% to 18% content of oil.

column, hot oil is sprayed and an open steam

Firstly, the solvent is separated out from the

is

mixture through carrying out distillation inside

processing. A temperature of 27 29oC is

heat

vacuum

maintained in the shell and tube condensers

conditions. After distillation, the miscella is

for condensing the solvent vapors. After

fed to a flasher, where the content of solvent

condensing, final solvent content is removed

is reduced to 2%- 3% in the miscella. In an

and separated out from the oil.

exchangers,

maintaining

injected

at

the

bottom

for

further

Vent Vapour Recovery by Absorption

Non-condensable gases with mostly air get

adsorption system, there is vegetable oil that

into the system during the processes like

completely adsorbs the solvent traces in the

extraction,

These

gases. A regular check on the oil has to be

gases can cause damage to the system, and

carried out for the presence of volatiles and

thus, have to be vented out. For this, an

as per the requirements, has to be rejected

adsorption system is attached through which

when these levels become perceptible.

drying

and

distillation.

the vent gases are passed through. In this

Meal Finishing
De-oiled meal is finally transferred to the finishing unit, where it is cooled by air prior to bagging
and packing.

Aims of Solvent Extraction

To remove components present in the product that could lead to corrosion in subsequent
processing steps

To remove components present in the product that could lead to catalyst poisoning in
subsequent processing steps

To remove components that would otherwise reduce the quality of the product.
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Components of Concern That Need To Be Removed

Aromatics: These are Benzene, Toluene and Xylene collectively referred to as BTX

Dissolved metals: These include nickel, vanadium and copper.

Organic compounds containing sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen.

Inorganic salts

Double salts that were present in the crude feedstock

Canola Seed

More than 52,000 Canadian farmers grow canola

Seeds contain 40-43 percent oil. The remainder of the seed is processed into meal, a high
protein livestock feed.

Canada produces 20 percent of the worlds canola

Canola seeds are crushed into two component parts, oil and meal, which are then further
manufactured into a wide variety of products.

Further manufacturing, called refining, improves the color, flavor and shelf life of canola oil.

Rapeseed Facts
Brassica

napus

Linnaeusknown

as

or cabbage family). It is a mustard crop grown

rapeseed, rape, oilseed rape, and in some

primarily for its seed which yields about forty

cultivars, Canolais a bright yellow flowering

percent oil and a high-protein animal feed.

member of the Brassicacea family (mustard

Seed Type and Common Varieties

Since 1991, virtually all rapeseed production

production of rapeseed in the European Union

in the European Union has shifted to rapeseed

is still conventional, that is does not contain

00 (double zero), with low content of erucic

GMO.

acid and low content of glucosinolates. The

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Top Rapeseed Producing Countries

(Million Metric Tons)
12.2 France

China

4.1

Canada

9.1 United Kingdom

1.9

India

6.0 Poland

1.6

Germany

5.3 Australia

0.5

World Total

47.0

Top Ten Sunflower Seed Producing Countries

Ran
k

Area

Production (Int
$1000)

Production (MT)

Ukraine

2,253,212

8,387,100

Russian Federation

2,052,333

7,992,714

Argentina

915,794

3,340,520

China, mainland

452,797

2,369,000

Romania

382,755

1,398,203

Turkey

371,630

1,370,000

Hungary

350,713

1,316,545

Bulgaria

320,416

1,387,780

United Republic of Tanzania

307,547

1,125,000

France

283,554

1,572,952

10

Factors Influencing the

Extraction Processes

Major Countries of the Raw

Material

Seed Water Content

Particle Size And Shape
Amount Of Solvent
Extraction Temperature
Extraction Time

Raw Material

Canola Seed
Rape Seed
Sunflower Seed
Soybean Seed

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Australia
Canada
Black Sea Countries
Rotterdam

Vegetable Oil Buyers

International

USA
China
Brazil
India

Buyers (Nationwide)

Major Buyer Fresh Meal &

Poultry

Asia Poultry Feeds (Pvt) Ltd

Associated Industries Ltd
Azhar Corporation (Pvt) Ltd
Chitral Oil & Ghee Industries (Pvt) Ltd
Fast Feed (Pvt) Ltd
Hafeez Ghee & General Mills
HameedaInd (Pvt) Ltd
Islamabad Feed Mills Ltd
Kausar Ghee Mills Ltd
K&N Feeds (Pvt) Ltd
MehboobInd (Pvt) Ltd
National Feeds Limited
Punjab Oil Mills Islamabad
Sadiq Vegetable Ghee Mill (Pvt) Ltd

Jordan
Nepal
Mali
Kenya
Benin
Greece
Lebanon
Nigeria
South Africa
Greece
UK
Egypt

Key Success Factors

Raw material sourcing: focus on improving yields, getting better quality oilseeds,

ensuring regular supplies - through symbiotic relationship with farmer

Branding essential for success
Better distribution network to improve reach
Efficiency in operation - to become price competent and withstand competition
Proposed future trading in edible oils will help curtail price volatility and lend
knowledge-based assistance to farmers to eliminate unofficial markets

Decreased logistics & transportation cost

Decreased the time to market edible oil

Positioning
Increase in per capita income and population
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Change in tastes and preferences

Increased Health consciousness and low-cholesterol cooking medium
Liberal policies for edible oil imports
Shots of Happy family enjoying food used across advertising | Healthy Oil for Healthy

People (Example)
Engage the young adults. World Heart Day used to appeal to them to bring their parents
for a checkup. This program also gave us an opportunity to talk to these young adults about

the preventive heart care for themselves.

The Message of Health
Was related to maintenance of good health
Was applicable to all members of the family
Was characterized by lively energetic people
Target Different brands for different customer types
Conducted health check-up programs for health conscious people
Brand Awareness

Understanding the Customer

Consumer was extremely price sensitive
Intangible promises: Healthy Family, Affection, Loving Mother, Great Cook
Target Consumer: 21-44 years old, modern, aware, educated housewife using refined branded
groundnut oil, concerned about family well being

Consumers Expectations

The oil should not smoke even on being super heated

Cooked food should be good to eat even when consumed after a long time
Spent Oil (Which has been used for frying once) should retain its colour and flavor
Fried goods should retain essence longer on being fried
Food should remain softer and fresher longer. It shoul not smell of fried stuff

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