ns=1500/60 %synchronous speed in rps

f=50
p=2*f/ns % no.of poles
rating=2.5 %input('enter the kW rating of IM, 2.5kW')
%choosing values of magnetic and electrical loadings from the standards
%according to the machine specifications required. The machine is designed
%to have good performance alongwith lesser cost
Bav=.44 %input('value of magnetic loading')
ac=21000 %input('value of electric loading')
%taking winding factor as 0.955
Kw=0.955;
Co=11*0.955*Bav*ac*1e-3 %output cofficient
%given efficiency=0.85 and pf(at full load)=0.83
Q=rating/(0.85*0.83) % input kVA rating
D2L=Q/(Co*ns) % as Q=Co*D2L*ns
% For a cheap design ratio L/t(pole length to pole face length) should be b/w 1.5 t
% take L/t=1.5 ...so L/(pi*D/4),
%where, D=inner Dia of stator
%
L=length of pole or core
%
t=pole face length
%
L/D=1.18;
D=(D2L/1.18)^(1/3)
L=1.18*D
Li=L*0.9 %stackins factor=0.9
t=L/1.5
%STATOR DESIGN----WINDING
%Machine is designed to start with star-delta starter and operate as delta
Es=400 %stator voltage per phase
phim=Bav*t*L % Flux per pole
Ts=floor(Es/(4.44*f*phim*Kw)) %as Es=4.44*f*phim*Kw*Ts, stator turns/phase
qs=3 ; %slot/pole/phase
Ss=qs*p*3 %stator slots=qs*no. of poles*no. of phases
% as there are many slots, thus slot harmonics and tooth pulsation is reduced
yss=3.14*D*1e3/Ss % Stator slot pitch = pi*D/(stator slots)
%stator slot pitch is allowable as we are using semi-closed slots
Zss=floor(6*Ts/Ss) % Total Stator conductors/slot
%
%
%
%
%

Now we are using single layer MUSH winding. As single layer thus the no.
of stator coils =1/2(stator slots).
We are not using double layer winding as then the slot area would be
large and as the slot pitch is very small thus mechanical strength of the
stator tooth will be poor

Cs=Ss/p % Coil span

% as the coil span is odd (9), thus no need of shorting the coil and we
% will use it as it is,
angle_of_chording=0
Kp=cos(angle_of_chording/2) %pitch factor
%slot pitch=180/9=20deg
Kd=sin(pi/6)/(3*sin(10*pi/180))
Kws=Kd*Kp % stator winding factor
% CONDUCTOR SIZE
Is=Q*1e3/(3*Es) %stator current per phase
Isl=sqrt(3)*Is
% Taking current density as 4 A/mm2
asc=Is/4 % area of stator conductor in mm2
dsc=sqrt(4*asc/pi)
% nearest standard diameter= 0.95mm
ascn=pi*((0.95)^2)/4 % new area of stator conductor used
cds=Is/ascn % current density in stator cond.
%using medium covering the Dia of enamelled conductor is 1.041 mm
1

% SLOT DIMENSIONS
%taking a space factor of 0.4
As=round(Zss*ascn/0.4) % area of each slot
% maximun allowable flux density is 1.7 Wb/mm2, so minimum tooth width to
% keep flux density within limits
Wtsmin=phim*1e3/(1.7*Cs*Li) %min width in mm
%tooth of width 6mm is chosen. lip=1mm, wedge=3mm
swts=pi*(D*1e3+2*4)/24-6 % slot width of the portion near to rotor; 2*4 for
% wedge and lip for dimetrically opposite slots
%slot width top of stator
%slot width at bottom= pi*(D+8+2*h)/24-6= 9.1+(pi*h/12) ; h=height of slot
% area of conductor portion =.5*(slot width at bottom+slot width at top)*h
% equating we get
h=11.1
swbs=9.1+(pi*h/12) %slot width at bottom of stator
dss=h+4 %depth of slot
Lmts=2*L+2.3*t+0.24 % length of mean turn
% STATOR TEETH
Bst=phim/(Cs*6*1e-3*Li) % flux density in stator teeth
% flux density is coming out very small, thus we can increase the magnetic
% loading ; taking Bst=0.8 Wb/m2
%STATOR CORE
flux_in_stator_core=phim/2
Acs=flux_in_stator_core/0.8 %Area of stator core
dcs=round(Acs/Li*1e3) %depth of stator core
Bsc=(Acs/Li)/dcs*0.8*1e3 % flux density in core
Do=round(D*1e3+2*dss+2*dcs) % outsise dia of stator lamination
% ROTOR DESIGN
lg=0.2+2*sqrt(L*D) % air gap length
% as flux density is very less so we can use large air gap so that overload
% capacity of motor increases
%taking lg=0.4
Dr=D*1e3-2*0.4
% ROTOR SLOTS
%no. of rotor slots=one pole pair less than stator poles
Sr=Ss-2
ysr=pi*Dr/Sr % rotor slot pitch at air gap
%ROTOR BARS
Ib=2*3*Kws*Ts*Is*0.83/Sr %bar current
% taking bar current density=6A/mm2
ab=Ib/6 % area of rotor bar
% standard size= 7mm*4mm with area=27.1mm2
Wsr=4+0.3 %width of rotor slot
dsr=7+1+1+0.15+0.15 % depth of rotor slot
swbr=pi*(Dr-2*dsr)/Sr
Brt=phim*p/(Sr*Li*(swbr-Wsr)*1e-3)
% extending bars 15mm and extra 10mm due to skewing
Lb=L*1e3+2*15+10 % length of bar in mm
rb=0.021*Lb*1e-3/27.1 % resistance of each bar
ohmlossB=Sr*(Ib^2)*rb % total copper losses in bars
% END RINGS
Ier=Sr*Ib/(pi*4) % end ring current
% taking current density in end ring=7 A/mm2
ae=Ier/7 %area
% using a ring of 10*7mm
de=10 % depth of ring
te=7 %thickness of ring
2

% so area of each end ring=70 mm2

Doer=Dr-2*dsr % outer dia of ring
Dier=Doer-2*de % inner dia of ring
Dme=(Doer+Dier)/2 % mean dia
re=0.021*pi*Dme*1e-3/70
ohmlossER=2*(Ier^2)*re % copper loss in end ring
ohmlossTR=ohmlossB+ohmlossER %total copper loss in rotor
% (rotor copper loss/rotor output)=s/(1-s)
s=ohmlossTR/(rating*1e3+ohmlossTR) % full load slip
% ROTOR CORE
%depth of rotor core is same as stator core
dcr=dcs
Di=Dr-2*dsr-2*dcr % inner dia of rotor lamination
% NO LOAD CURRENT
% MAGNETIZING CURRENT
% i) AIR GAP
Wos=2 % stator slot opening
ratios=Wos/0.4 %(slot opening/gap length)
% for this value of ratio the carter's coffecient for semi closed slots
% is
Kcss=0.6
Kgss=yss/(yss-Kcss*Wos) % gap contraction factor for stator slots
Wor=1.5 % rotor slot opening
ratior=Wor/0.4
% for this value of ratio the carter's coffecient for semi closed slots
% is
Kcsr=0.5
Kgsr=ysr/(ysr-Kcsr*Wor) % gap contraction factor for rotor slots
Kgs=Kgss*Kgsr % gap contraction factor for slots
%as there are no ducts so Kgd=1 for them
Kg=Kgs*1 % overall gap contraction factor
Ag=pi*D*L/4 %area of air gap per pole
Bg60=1.36*Bav
lge=lg*Kg % effective air gap length
ATg=800000*Bg60*lg*1e-3*Kg %Ampere turns required for air gap
% ii) STATOR TEETH
Ast=(Ss/p)*6*1e-3*Li % tooth width=6mm; are aof stator teeeth /pole
Bst60=1.36*Bst % flux density of stator teeth
% corresponding to this value of B ampere turns/meter required are
ATst=300
mmfst=ATst*dss*1e-3

% iii) STATOR CORE

Asc=Li*dcs*1e-3 % area of stator core
lcs=pi*(D+2*dss*1e-3+dcs*1e-3)/(3*pi) % length of magnetic path through stator c
% corresponding to this value of B ampere turns/meter required are
ATsc=200
mmfsc=ATsc*lcs
% iv) ROTOR TEETH
Wtr13=pi*(Dr-4*dsr/3)/Sr-Wsr % width of rotor teeth at 1/3 height from
% narrow end
Atr=Sr/4*Wtr13*1e-3*Li
Btr60=Brt*1.36*0.85 % width of rotor teeth at 1/3 height(0.85 for 1/3 hgt)
% corresponding to this value of B ampere turns/meter required are
ATrt=700
3

mmfrt=ATrt*dsr*1e-3
% v) ROTOR CORE
Acr=dcr*Li % rotor core area
% corresponding to this value of B(Bsc) ampere turns/meter required are
ATrc=200
lcr=pi*Di*1e-3/(3*p)
mmfrc=ATrc*lcr
AT60=ATg+mmfst+mmfsc+mmfrt+mmfrc % total mmf required
Im=0.427*p*AT60/(Kws*Ts)
% LOSSES
% Iron Loss in stator teeth
Vst=Ast*p*dss*1e-3 % volume of stator teeth
WTst=Vst*7.6*1e3 % weight of teeth
Bmst=pi*Bst/2 % maximum B at stator teeth
% for this value of Bmst, specific iron loss=5.5W/kg
ironlossST=5.5*WTst % stator teeth
% Iron Loss in stator core
Vsc=(D+2*dss*1e-3)*pi*L*dcs*1e-3
WTsc=Vsc*7.6*1e3
% corresponding to the flux density=Bsc, specific iron loss=2.8 W/kg
ironlossSC=2.8*WTsc % iron loss in stator core
ironlossTS=2*(ironlossST+ironlossSC) % normally total loss is taken twice
% the calculated value
% FRICTION & WINDAGE LOSS
% with use of ball bearing FW losses are about 1.5% of output
FWloss=1.5*rating*1e3/100
NLloss=ironlossTS+FWloss % total no load losses
Inll=NLloss/(3*Es) % loss component of no load current per phase
Io=sqrt(Im^2+Inll^2)
no_load_current_as_percentage_of_full_load_currrent=Io/Is*100
no_load_pf=Inll/Io
phio=(acos(no_load_pf))*180/pi
%SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT
%Leakage Reactance
%stator slot leakage
Pss=4*3.14*(10^-7)*((2*h/(3*(swts+swbs)))+(2*3/(swbs+2))+(1/2))
%specific slot permeance for a tapered slot
%(considering h2 also to be occupied by conductors)
%rotor slot leakage
Psr=(4*3.14*10^-7)*((7/(3*6.8))+(2*1/(6.8+1.5)+(1/1.5)))
%4*3.14*10^-7*((h1/3*Ws)+(h2/Ws)+(2*h3/(Ws+W0))+(h4/W0))
%specific slot permeance for a parallel sided slot
Psr1=Psr*Kws^2*Ss/(1^2*Sr) %referred to stator side
Ps=Pss+Psr1 %total specific slot permeance
xs=8*3.14*f*Ts^2*L*(Ps/(p*3)) %q=3
%overhang leakage
%coil span / pole pitch =1 so corresponding Ks=1
LoPo=4*3.14*10^-7*1*t^2/(3.14*yss)
x0=8*3.14*f*Ts^2*(LoPo/(p*3)) %overhang leakage reactance
%Zigzag leakage
Xm=Es/Im %magnetizing reactance
qr=Sr/(p*3)
xz=(5*Xm/(6*3^2))*(1/3^2+1/qr^2) %zigzag leakage reactance per phase
%the differential leakage reactance can be ignored in case of squirrel
4

%cage induction motors

Xs=xs+x0+xz %total leakage reactance per phase referred to stator
%Resistance
rs=0.021*Ts*Lmts/ascn
ohmlossS=3*Is^2*rs
ohmlossTRpp=ohmlossTR/3
rr1=(ohmlossTRpp)/((Is*0.83)^2)
Rs=rs+rr1 %total resistance referred to stator
%Impedeance
Zs=(Xs^2+Rs^2)^0.5 %total impedance of the rotor at standstill
Isc=Es/Zs %short circuited current per phase
scpf=Rs/Zs %short circuit power factor
phase_angle_of_short_circuit_current=(acos(scpf))*180/pi
%Losses and efficiency
total_loss_at_full_load=ohmlossS+ohmlossTR+ironlossTS+FWloss
%total_loss_at_full_load=total_stator_copper_loss+total_rotor_copper_loss+
%
total_iron_loss+friction_and_windage_loss
input_at_full_load=rating*1e3+total_loss_at_full_load
%output_at_full_load+total_loss_at_full_load
efficiency_at_full_load=rating*1e3*100/input_at_full_load

ns =
25
f =
50
p =
4
rating =
2.5000
Bav =
0.4400
ac =
21000
Co =
97.0662
Q =
3.5436

D2L =
0.0015
D =
0.1074
L =
0.1267
Li =
0.1140
t =
0.0845
Es =
400
phim =
0.0047
Ts =
400
Ss =
36
yss =
9.3644
Zss =
66
Cs =
9
angle_of_chording =
0
6

Kp =
1
Kd =
0.9598
Kws =
0.9598
Is =
2.9530
Isl =
5.1147
asc =
0.7382
dsc =
0.9695
ascn =
0.7088
cds =
4.1661
As =
117
Wtsmin =
2.6987
swts =
9.1009
h =

11.1000
swbs =
12.0060
dss =
15.1000
Lmts =
0.6876
Bst =
0.7646
flux_in_stator_core =
0.0024
Acs =
0.0029
dcs =
26
Bsc =
0.7941
Do =
190
lg =
0.4333
Dr =
106.5621
Sr =
34
ysr =
8

9.8463
Ib =
166.0545
ab =
27.6758
Wsr =
4.3000
dsr =
9.3000
swbr =
8.1277
Brt =
1.2691
Lb =
166.6873
rb =
1.2917e-004
ohmlossB =
121.0968
Ier =
449.2827
ae =
64.1832
de =
10

te =
7
Doer =
87.9621
Dier =
67.9621
Dme =
77.9621
re =
7.3478e-005
ohmlossER =
29.6636
ohmlossTR =
150.7604
s =
0.0569
dcr =
26
Di =
35.9621
Wos =
2
ratios =
5
Kcss =
0.6000

10

Kgss =
1.1470
Wor =
1.5000
ratior =
3.7500
Kcsr =
0.5000
Kgsr =
1.0825
Kgs =
1.2415
Kg =
1.2415
Ag =
0.0107
Bg60 =
0.5984
lge =
0.5379
ATg =
257.5043
Ast =
0.0062
Bst60 =
1.0399
11

ATst =
300
mmfst =
4.5300
Asc =
0.0030
lcs =
0.0545
ATsc =
200
mmfsc =
10.9041
Wtr13 =
4.4006
Atr =
0.0043
Btr60 =
1.4671
ATrt =
700
mmfrt =
6.5100
Acr =
2.9645
ATrc =

12

200
lcr =
0.0094
mmfrc =
1.8830
AT60 =
281.3314
Im =
1.2516
Vst =
3.7188e-004
WTst =
2.8263
Bmst =
1.2011
ironlossST =
15.5447
Vsc =
0.0014
WTsc =
10.8185
ironlossSC =
30.2919
ironlossTS =
91.6732
FWloss =
13

37.5000
NLloss =
129.1732
Inll =
0.1076
Io =
1.2562
no_load_current_as_percentage_of_full_load_currrent =
42.5408
no_load_pf =
0.0857
phio =
85.0844
Pss =
1.6064e-006
Psr =
1.5710e-006
Psr1 =
1.5323e-006
Ps =
3.1387e-006
xs =
6.6591
LoPo =
3.0469e-010

14

x0 =
0.0051
Xm =
319.5894
qr =
2.8333
xz =
6.9741
Xs =
13.6383
rs =
8.1488
ohmlossS =
213.1772
ohmlossTRpp =
50.2535
rr1 =
8.3654
Rs =
16.5142
Zs =
21.4178
Isc =
18.6760
scpf =
0.7711

15

phase_angle_of_short_circuit_current =
39.5516
total_loss_at_full_load =
493.1108
input_at_full_load =
2.9931e+003
efficiency_at_full_load =
83.5251

Published with MATLAB 7.10

16